【笔记】Peak-Chap 3-2/2

Day 7

Chapter 3  Mental Representations

THE ACCIDENTAL BLINDFOLD CHESS MASTER

THE SECRET TO WINNING CHESS

MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS

RECOGNIZING AND RESPONDING TO PATTERNS

MAKING SENSE OF INFORMATION

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FINDING AN ANSWER

PLANNING

MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS IN LEARNING

PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES ARE MENTAL TOO

词汇学习

mo‧men‧tum /məʊˈmentəm, mə- $ moʊ-, mə-/  noun [uncountable]

1 the ability to keep increasing, developing, or being more successful

gain/gather momentum

The campaign for reform should start to gather momentum in the new year.

incentives to maintain the momentum of European integration

Governments often lose momentum in their second term of office.

原文出处：Much of the practice is devoted to forming a clear mental picture of what the dive should look like at every moment and, more importantly, what it should feel like in terms of body positioning and momentum.

in‧fec‧tion /ɪnˈfekʃən/ noun

1 [countable] a disease that affects a particular part of your body and is caused by bacteria or a virus

The baby had an ear infection.

infection of/in

an infection of the bladder

原文出处：Thus, when the police officer went to the urgent-care clinic complaining of an earache, the doctor there assumed the problem was an infection of some sort—which would have been the correct answer in most cases—and didn’t worry about the seemingly irrelevant fact that one of the patient’s pupils was acting up.

ar‧te‧ry /ˈɑːtəri $ ˈɑːr-/ noun (plural arteries) [countable]

1 body.jpg one of the tubes that carries blood from your heart to the rest of your body → vein

2 a main road, railway line, river etc

原文出处：A third possibility was a tear in the wall of the carotid artery, which runs right alongside the nerve affected in Horner’s and also passes near the ear.

这部分从像医生一样思考说开，事实上我的对心理表征的训练从出生就一直在进行，能够拥有某种能力或者是获得某些专才，都是因为采用了目的明确的练习获得的。所以即使是医学生的练习，也只能是一部分的比如外科医生或者物理复健医生。

即使是体育训练，也是心理的练习，进球之前每一个传接、走位、看时机，都不只是肌肉强健，心肺耐力好就能够胜任的。跟国际象棋对棋谱的研究一样，这其中的解决问题的路径，就是训练思维，如何采用最合适的方式进攻防守，掌握时机，这些都是大脑的工作，并非肌肉和体能的问题。

乐器的学习也是一样，如何把乐谱的信息完整无误传达，另外还要表达一些轻重缓急，乐章关系，琶音和声，以及跟重奏中其他乐器的合作。一方面是解码的能力，读乐谱，找到音乐语言说了什么。另一方面是根据此前的演奏经验，标注重点，转译乐谱，完成演绎。

正好发现一个练习远远不到一万小时的学乐器的小哥，刻意练习，利用心理表征，并且一直目的明确地练习，他的成功让人吃惊：

澳大利亚小哥自学钢琴 经历了500个小时的刻苦练习_腾讯视频