[原创]Spring源码教程02--Spring的IoC容器分析

上一节“[原创]Spring教程01--Spring开始篇_Helloworld”中简单的介绍SpringFramwork的简单使用；通过Helloworld的程序做演示，本节将继续解读Spring的Ioc容器实现和分析。

Spring IoC容器启动过程

Spring的IoC容器启动大致分为下面的三个步骤：Resource定位、Resoure的载入、Resoured的注册 三个步骤；下面使用xml文件配置方式显示的配置方式步骤：

启动过程

首先看下ApplicationContext的构造方法定义：

public FileSystemXmlApplicationContext(
        String[] configLocations, boolean refresh, @Nullable ApplicationContext parent)
        throws BeansException {
    
    //设置Context
    super(parent);
    //读取XML等配置文件定位
    setConfigLocations(configLocations);
    //创建BeanFactory的关键[重点]
    if (refresh) {
        refresh();
    }
}


@Override
//这个refresh()启动容器[重要的放在首位]
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
    synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
        // Prepare this context for refreshing.
        prepareRefresh();

        // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
        ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

        // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
        prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

        try {
            // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
            postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

            // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
            invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

            // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
            registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

            // Initialize message source for this context.
            initMessageSource();

            // Initialize event multicaster for this context.
            initApplicationEventMulticaster();

            // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
            onRefresh();

            // Check for listener beans and register them.
            registerListeners();

            // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
            finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

            // Last step: publish corresponding event.
            finishRefresh();
        }

        catch (BeansException ex) {
            if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
                logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
                        "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
            }

            // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
            destroyBeans();

            // Reset 'active' flag.
            cancelRefresh(ex);

            // Propagate exception to caller.
            throw ex;
        }

        finally {
            // Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
            // might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
            resetCommonCaches();
        }
    }
}

Resource定位

对象名	类 型	作 用	归属类
configResources	Resource[]	配置文件资源对象数组	ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
configLocations	String[]	配置文件字符串数组，存储配置文件路径	AbstractRefreshableConfigApplicationContext
beanFactory	DefaultListableBeanFactory	上下文使用的Bean工厂	AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext
beanFactoryMonitor	Object	Bean工厂使用的同步监视器	AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext
id	String	上下文使用的唯一Id，标识此ApplicationContext	AbstractApplicationContext
parent	ApplicationContext	父级ApplicationContext	AbstractApplicationContext
beanFactoryPostProcessors	List	存储BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口，Spring提供的一个扩展点	AbstractApplicationContext
startupShutdownMonitor	Object	refresh方法和destory方法公用的一个监视器，避免两个方法同时执行	AbstractApplicationContext
shutdownHook	Thread	Spring提供的一个钩子，JVM停止执行时会运行Thread里面的方法	AbstractApplicationContext
resourcePatternResolver	ResourcePatternResolver	上下文使用的资源格式解析器	AbstractApplicationContext
lifecycleProcessor	LifecycleProcessor	用于管理Bean生命周期的生命周期处理器接口	AbstractApplicationContext
messageSource	MessageSource	用于实现国际化的一个接口	AbstractApplicationContext
applicationEventMulticaster	ApplicationEventMulticaster	Spring提供的事件管理机制中的事件多播器接口	AbstractApplicationContext
applicationListeners	Set	Spring提供的事件管理机制中的应用监听器	AbstractApplicationContext

为了便于理解；提前解析了Context的属性如下：

对象名	类 型	作 用	归属类
configResources	Resource[]	配置文件资源对象数组	ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
configLocations	String[]	配置文件字符串数组，存储配置文件路径	AbstractRefreshableConfigApplicationContext
beanFactory	DefaultListableBeanFactory	上下文使用的Bean工厂	AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext
beanFactoryMonitor	Object	Bean工厂使用的同步监视器	AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext
id	String	上下文使用的唯一Id，标识此ApplicationContext	AbstractApplicationContext
parent	ApplicationContext	父级ApplicationContext	AbstractApplicationContext
beanFactoryPostProcessors	List	存储BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口，Spring提供的一个扩展点	AbstractApplicationContext
startupShutdownMonitor	Object	refresh方法和destory方法公用的一个监视器，避免两个方法同时执行	AbstractApplicationContext
shutdownHook	Thread	Spring提供的一个钩子，JVM停止执行时会运行Thread里面的方法	AbstractApplicationContext
resourcePatternResolver	ResourcePatternResolver	上下文使用的资源格式解析器	AbstractApplicationContext
lifecycleProcessor	LifecycleProcessor	用于管理Bean生命周期的生命周期处理器接口	AbstractApplicationContext
messageSource	MessageSource	用于实现国际化的一个接口	AbstractApplicationContext
applicationEventMulticaster	ApplicationEventMulticaster	Spring提供的事件管理机制中的事件多播器接口	AbstractApplicationContext
applicationListeners	Set	Spring提供的事件管理机制中的应用监听器	AbstractApplicationContext

1）设置存储配置文件路径

AbstractRefreshableConfigApplicationContext 的 setConfigLocations() 方法确定其文件的位置；代码比较简单。

public void setConfigLocations(@Nullable String... locations) {
    if (locations != null) {
        Assert.noNullElements(locations, "Config locations must not be null");
        this.configLocations = new String[locations.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < locations.length; i++) {
            this.configLocations[i] = resolvePath(locations[i]).trim();
        }
    }
    else {
        this.configLocations = null;
    }
}

在上面的过程；我们获取配置文件的路径内容。下面看看具体的IoC容器的创建的具体过程了。

2）加载配置文件的路径

方法堆栈信息

（1）创建BeanFactory

@Override
protected final void refreshBeanFactory() throws BeansException {
    if (hasBeanFactory()) {
        destroyBeans();
        closeBeanFactory();
    }
    try {
        DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = createBeanFactory();
        beanFactory.setSerializationId(getId());
        customizeBeanFactory(beanFactory);
        loadBeanDefinitions(beanFactory);
        synchronized (this.beanFactoryMonitor) {
            this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
        }
    }
    catch (IOException ex) {
        throw new ApplicationContextException("I/O error parsing bean definition source for " + getDisplayName(), ex);
    }
}

（2）读取文件配置
这个中间调用过程省略了；直接看结果：这里直接看log日志结果我们不用说太多了...

public int loadBeanDefinitions(EncodedResource encodedResource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
    Assert.notNull(encodedResource, "EncodedResource must not be null");
    if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
        logger.info("Loading XML bean definitions from " + encodedResource.getResource());
    }

    Set currentResources = this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.get();
    if (currentResources == null) {
        currentResources = new HashSet<>(4);
        this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.set(currentResources);
    }
    if (!currentResources.add(encodedResource)) {
        throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
                "Detected cyclic loading of " + encodedResource + " - check your import definitions!");
    }
    try {
        InputStream inputStream = encodedResource.getResource().getInputStream();
        try {
            InputSource inputSource = new InputSource(inputStream);
            if (encodedResource.getEncoding() != null) {
                inputSource.setEncoding(encodedResource.getEncoding());
            }
            //下面开始解析XML方法
            return doLoadBeanDefinitions(inputSource, encodedResource.getResource());
        }
        finally {
            inputStream.close();
        }
    }
    catch (IOException ex) {
        throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
                "IOException parsing XML document from " + encodedResource.getResource(), ex);
    }
    finally {
        currentResources.remove(encodedResource);
        if (currentResources.isEmpty()) {
            this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.remove();
        }
    }
}

Resource的载入

下面我们接着根据路径配置，读取到内存中；采用SAX文件的解析；看源码：

protected int doLoadBeanDefinitions(InputSource inputSource, Resource resource)
    throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
    ...
try {
    Document doc = doLoadDocument(inputSource, resource);
    //解析xml文件注册JavaBean
    return registerBeanDefinitions(doc, resource);
}
    ...
    //省略catch()代码...

Resouce文件的解析

方法堆栈

protected void doRegisterBeanDefinitions(Element root) {
    BeanDefinitionParserDelegate parent = this.delegate;
    this.delegate = createDelegate(getReaderContext(), root, parent);

    if (this.delegate.isDefaultNamespace(root)) {
        String profileSpec = root.getAttribute(PROFILE_ATTRIBUTE);
        if (StringUtils.hasText(profileSpec)) {
            String[] specifiedProfiles = StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(
                    profileSpec, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.MULTI_VALUE_ATTRIBUTE_DELIMITERS);
            if (!getReaderContext().getEnvironment().acceptsProfiles(specifiedProfiles)) {
                if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
                    logger.info("Skipped XML bean definition file due to specified profiles [" + profileSpec +
                            "] not matching: " + getReaderContext().getResource());
                }
                return;
            }
        }
    }

    preProcessXml(root);
    //重点代码：注册JavaBean
    parseBeanDefinitions(root, this.delegate);
    postProcessXml(root);

    this.delegate = parent;
}

其实写到这里感觉大家有兴趣的可以继续看看这个；如何读取xml文件如理 等标签的操作...这里我推荐一片文章吧： Spring解密 - XML解析 与 Bean注册；后面写的比较具体。截止到目前通过XML解析；将配置文件读取到BeanDefine中；下面看看如何将其注册到IoC容器。

注册IoC容器

    @Override
    public void registerBeanDefinition(String beanName, BeanDefinition beanDefinition)
            throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {

        Assert.hasText(beanName, "Bean name must not be empty");
        Assert.notNull(beanDefinition, "BeanDefinition must not be null");

        if (beanDefinition instanceof AbstractBeanDefinition) {
            try {
                ((AbstractBeanDefinition) beanDefinition).validate();
            }
            catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
                throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
                        "Validation of bean definition failed", ex);
            }
        }

        BeanDefinition oldBeanDefinition;

        oldBeanDefinition = this.beanDefinitionMap.get(beanName);
        if (oldBeanDefinition != null) {
            if (!isAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding()) {
                throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
                        "Cannot register bean definition [" + beanDefinition + "] for bean '" + beanName +
                        "': There is already [" + oldBeanDefinition + "] bound.");
            }
            else if (oldBeanDefinition.getRole() < beanDefinition.getRole()) {
                // e.g. was ROLE_APPLICATION, now overriding with ROLE_SUPPORT or ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE
                if (this.logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
                    this.logger.warn("Overriding user-defined bean definition for bean '" + beanName +
                            "' with a framework-generated bean definition: replacing [" +
                            oldBeanDefinition + "] with [" + beanDefinition + "]");
                }
            }
            else if (!beanDefinition.equals(oldBeanDefinition)) {
                if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
                    this.logger.info("Overriding bean definition for bean '" + beanName +
                            "' with a different definition: replacing [" + oldBeanDefinition +
                            "] with [" + beanDefinition + "]");
                }
            }
            else {
                if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    this.logger.debug("Overriding bean definition for bean '" + beanName +
                            "' with an equivalent definition: replacing [" + oldBeanDefinition +
                            "] with [" + beanDefinition + "]");
                }
            }
            //将获取BeanName和之前解析BeanDefine放入Map集合中从而完成注册
            this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);
        }
        else {
            if (hasBeanCreationStarted()) {
                // Cannot modify startup-time collection elements anymore (for stable iteration)
                synchronized (this.beanDefinitionMap) {
                    this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);
                    List updatedDefinitions = new ArrayList<>(this.beanDefinitionNames.size() + 1);
                    updatedDefinitions.addAll(this.beanDefinitionNames);
                    updatedDefinitions.add(beanName);
                    this.beanDefinitionNames = updatedDefinitions;
                    if (this.manualSingletonNames.contains(beanName)) {
                        Set updatedSingletons = new LinkedHashSet<>(this.manualSingletonNames);
                        updatedSingletons.remove(beanName);
                        this.manualSingletonNames = updatedSingletons;
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                // Still in startup registration phase
                this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);
                this.beanDefinitionNames.add(beanName);
                this.manualSingletonNames.remove(beanName);
            }
            this.frozenBeanDefinitionNames = null;
        }

        if (oldBeanDefinition != null || containsSingleton(beanName)) {
            resetBeanDefinition(beanName);
        }
    }

上面的源码中我们呢需要关注this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);这句代码；这个Bean注入BeanDefineMap中；到此这里已经完成了IoC容器的初始化。

到这里基本已经结束了；ApplicationContext application = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");这样一句代码其实；也写了一章节；其实如果你是看着篇文章可以参考我的方法堆栈进行阅读。最后文章的部分其实源都简明的展示给你；后期我希望可以使用更多图展示给大家。

---

参考资料：

• 《Spring技术内幕》
• Spring-IOC核心源码学习
• 【Spring源码分析】Bean加载流程概览