最近撸了一个自定义view,还是比较复杂的,感觉有必要分享下实现的过程。
效果
先来看下效果吧:
我们来分析这个view需要实现哪些效果。
- 首先它有一个刻度尺代表了时间段(也可以是别的什么),并且可以看到完整的刻度尺是比屏幕宽度大的,因此肯定需要可以左右滑动。
- 其次,可以有不可选的区域(gif中灰色块)和选中的区域(gif中蓝色块),点击刻度的空白位置出现或者移动选中区域到点击位置。
- 点击并拖动选中的区域可以移动,当移动到屏幕两边的时候,下层的刻度也能跟着移动。
- 还可以点击并拖动选中区域右边的白色小圆改变选中区域的大小,同样到达屏幕边界时下层刻度跟着移动。
- 当选中区域与不可选区域重叠时,选中区域变色。
- 选中区域最小为1个刻度,当移动后手指抬起时,选中区域贴合刻度。
- 最后还需要监听一些状态的变化,如是否重叠,选中区域改变的位置。
实现
刻度尺
别害怕有这么多的功能,我们一个一个来实现。首先是刻度尺,这个简单。由于完整的刻度尺是比屏幕宽度大的,因此我们先来了解几个概念:
这里手机屏幕的宽度是width,刻度尺的宽度的时maxWidth,我们其实只需要绘制手机屏幕可见的部分就可以了,这里的offset表示手机屏幕的左边与刻度尺左边的偏移量。
了解了这个概念,我们就来开始写吧,定义一个View,处理下构造都指向3个参数的那个,然后统一做初始化:
public class SelectView extends View {
private final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = dp2px(100);//wrap_content高度
private Paint mPaint;
public int dp2px(final float dpValue) {
final float scale = getContext().getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density;
return (int) (dpValue * scale + 0.5f);
}
public SelectView(Context context) {
this(context, null);
}
public SelectView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
this(context, attrs, 0);
}
public SelectView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
scroller = new OverScroller(context);
init();
}
private void init() {
mPaint = new Paint();
mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
mPaint.setTextSize(textSize);
}
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
width = widthSize;
int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
height = heightSize;
} else {
height = DEFAULT_HEIGHT;//wrap_content的高
}
setMeasuredDimension(width, height);
}
}
我们在onMeasure中处理了wrap_content的高度。然后在onSizeChanged中获取尺寸参数:
private int width;//控件宽度
private int height;//控件高度
private int maxWidth;//最大内容宽度
private int totalWidth;//刻度整体宽度(最后一个刻度的文字在刻度外)
private int minOffset = 0;
private int maxOffset;
private int offset = minOffset;//可视区域左边界与整体内容左边界的偏移量
@Override
protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) {
super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh);
totalWidth = titles.length * space;
maxWidth = totalWidth - space;
maxOffset = totalWidth - width;
if (maxOffset < 0) {
maxOffset = 0;
}
areaTop = (1 - areaRate) * height;
}
接着就开始绘制吧:
private String[] titles = {"09:00", "09:30", "10:00", "10:30", "11:00",
"11:30", "12:00", "12:30", "13:00", "13:30",
"14:00", "14:30", "15:00", "15:30", "16:00",
"16:30", "17:00", "17:30", "18:00"};
private int space = dp2px(40);//刻度间隔
private int lineWidth = dp2px(1);//刻度线的宽度
private int textSize = dp2px(12);
private int textMargin = dp2px(8);//文字与长刻度的margin值
private int rate = 1; //短刻度与长刻度数量的比例(>=1)
private float lineRate = 0.4f;//短刻度与长刻度长度的比例(0.0~1.0)
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
drawLine(canvas);
}
private void drawLine(Canvas canvas) {
mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
mPaint.setStrokeWidth(lineWidth);
mPaint.setColor(Color.BLACK);
canvas.drawLine(0, height, width, height, mPaint);
for (int i = 0; i < titles.length; i++) {
int position = i * space;
if (position >= offset && position <= offset + width) {//判断是否可以显示在屏幕中
int x = position - offset;
if (i % (rate + 1) == 0) {//绘制长刻度
canvas.drawLine(x, 0, x, height, mPaint);
mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
canvas.drawText(titles[i], x + textMargin, textSize, mPaint);
mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
} else {//绘制短刻度
canvas.drawLine(x, height * (1 - lineRate), x, height, mPaint);
}
}
}
}
这里的titles代表了刻度的标识,每一个元素代表一个刻度(这里我字节写死了,实际上可以通过方法set,也不一定是时间,能代表刻度的都可以)。通过rate设置长短刻度的比例,这里我设置了1:1。运行一下看看,目前仅仅能看到从0开始,看不到完整的刻度尺,我们需要实现touch事件产生移动才有效果。
实现滑动刻度尺
我们重写onTouchEvent来实现滑动效果:
private float downX, downY;
private float lastX;//滑动上一个位置
@Override
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
int action = event.getAction();
switch (action) {
case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
downX = event.getX();
lastX = downX;
break;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
float x = event.getX();
float dx = x - lastX;
changeOffsetBy(-dx);
lastX = x;
postInvalidate();
break;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL:
break;
default:
break;
}
return true;
}
private void changeOffsetBy(float dx) {
offset += dx;
if (offset < minOffset) {
offset = minOffset;
} else if (offset > maxOffset) {
offset = maxOffset;
}
}
我们计算出每次move事件的X方向的变化量dx,然后通过这个dx改变offset,并且处理一下边界的情况。然后调用postInvalidate刷新界面。
运行一下看看!现在我们可以滑动刻度尺了。但是好像还有点问题,平时我们使用ScrollView的时候用力划一下,可以看到手指离开了屏幕,但是内容还可以继续滚动。而目前我们自定义的这个view只能通过手指滑动,如果手指离开屏幕就不能滑动了。这样的体验显然不够好,我们来实现这个惯性滑动的效果吧!
实现惯性滑动
要实现惯性滑动,我们需要用到两个类:VelocityTracker,OverScroller。
VelocityTracker简介
android view滑动助手类OverScroller
private int minFlingVelocity;//最小惯性滑动速度
private VelocityTracker velocityTracker;
private OverScroller scroller;
private int lastFling;//惯性滑动上一个位置
private void init(Context context) {
...
scroller = new OverScroller(context);
minFlingVelocity = ViewConfiguration.get(getContext()).getScaledMinimumFlingVelocity();
}
@Override
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
if (velocityTracker == null) {
velocityTracker = VelocityTracker.obtain();
}
velocityTracker.addMovement(event);
int action = event.getAction();
switch (action) {
case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
scroller.forceFinished(true);
downX = event.getX();
lastX = downX;
break;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
float x = event.getX();
float dx = x - lastX;
changeOffsetBy(-dx);
lastX = x;
postInvalidate();
break;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL:
//处理惯性滑动
velocityTracker.computeCurrentVelocity(1000, 8000);
float xVelocity = velocityTracker.getXVelocity();
if (Math.abs(xVelocity) > minFlingVelocity) {
scroller.fling(0, 0, (int) xVelocity, 0, Integer.MIN_VALUE,
Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, 0);
}
velocityTracker.clear();
break;
default:
break;
}
return true;
}
@Override
public void computeScroll() {
if (scroller.computeScrollOffset()) {
int currX = scroller.getCurrX();
float dx = currX - lastFling;
//已经在边界了,不再处理惯性
if ((offset <= minOffset && dx > 0) || offset >= maxOffset && dx < 0) {
scroller.forceFinished(true);
return;
}
changeOffsetBy(-dx);
lastFling = currX;
postInvalidate();
} else {
lastFling = 0;//重置上一次值,避免第二次惯性滑动计算错误的dx
}
}
velocityTracker.computeCurrentVelocity方法的第二个参数表示最大惯性速度,这里我设置8000,避免刻度尺过快的滑动。通过调用scroller.fling方法将计算出的速度交给scroller,然后在computeScroll方法中获取当前值,并与上一次的值做差算出变化量dx,同样用这个dx变化offset刷新界面实现滑动效果。
不可选区域
刻度尺完成了,接下来是不可选的灰色区域。我采用两个int值表示在刻度尺的区域,刻度尺的每个刻度表示一个最小单位,前一个int表示在刻度尺的起始位置,后一个int表示占据的刻度数量。
private List unselectableList = new ArrayList<>();
private List unselectableRectFs = new ArrayList<>();
private RectF tempRect = new RectF();
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
drawLine(canvas);
drawUnselectable(canvas);
}
private void drawUnselectable(Canvas canvas) {
generateUnselectableRectFs();
mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
mPaint.setColor(Color.parseColor("#99878787"));
for (RectF rectF : unselectableRectFs) {
float left = Math.max(rectF.left, offset) - offset;
float right = Math.min(rectF.right, offset + width) - offset;
tempRect.set(left, rectF.top, right, rectF.bottom);
canvas.drawRect(tempRect, mPaint);
}
}
private void generateUnselectableRectFs() {
//避免重复生成
if (unselectableRectFs.size() > 0
&& unselectableList.size() == unselectableRectFs.size()) {
return;
}
unselectableRectFs.clear();
for (int[] ints : unselectableList) {
int start = ints[0];
int count = ints[1];
int max = titles.length - 1;
if (start > max || start + count > max) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("unselectable area has wrong start or count, " +
"the total limit is" + max);
}
if (count > 0) {
unselectableRectFs.add(new RectF(start * space, areaTop,
(start + count) * space, height));
}
}
}
public void addUnseletable(int start, int count) {
unselectableList.add(new int[]{start, count});
postInvalidate();
}
我用一个list存放设置的不可选区域,然后在另一个list中存放转换成RectF的位置信息。这里的RectF是在相对于整体刻度尺而言的,因此绘制到屏幕的时候需要减去offset,并且需要考虑只有部分在屏幕可见的情况。避免在onDraw方法中创建过多临时变量,我声明一个成员变量tempRect,用来保存绘制时的临时参数。
可选区域
完成了不可选区域,可选区域也是同样的。由于只能有一个可选区域,我们只需要定义一个RectF。额外需要考虑与不可选区域相交时会变色,我定了一个overlapping表示是否相交,通过RectF的intersects方法判断。
private int selectedBgColor = Color.parseColor("#654196F5");
private int selectedStrokeColor = Color.parseColor("#4196F5");
private int overlappingBgColor = Color.parseColor("#65FF6666");
private int overlappingStrokeColor = Color.parseColor("#FF6666");
private int selectedStrokeWidth = dp2px(2);
private int extendRadius = dp2px(7);//扩展圆的半径
private float extendTouchRate = 1.5f;//扩展触摸区域与视图的比率(>=1)
private boolean overlapping;//是否覆盖unselectable
private RectF selectedRectF;//选择区域位置
private RectF extendPointRectF;//扩展点位置
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
drawLine(canvas);
drawUnselectable(canvas);
drawSelected(canvas);
}
private void drawSelected(Canvas canvas) {
if (selectedRectF == null) {
return;
}
overlapping = checkOverlapping();
float left = Math.max(selectedRectF.left, offset) - offset;
float right = Math.min(selectedRectF.right, offset + width) - offset;
tempRect.set(left, selectedRectF.top, right, selectedRectF.bottom);
//填充
mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
mPaint.setColor(overlapping ? overlappingBgColor : selectedBgColor);
canvas.drawRect(tempRect, mPaint);
//边框
mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
mPaint.setStrokeWidth(selectedStrokeWidth);
mPaint.setColor(overlapping ? overlappingStrokeColor : selectedStrokeColor);
canvas.drawRect(tempRect, mPaint);
if ((selectedRectF.right - offset) == right) {
//扩展圆边框
mPaint.setColor(overlapping ? overlappingStrokeColor : selectedStrokeColor);
canvas.drawCircle(tempRect.right, tempRect.centerY(), extendRadius, mPaint);
//扩展圆填充
mPaint.setColor(Color.WHITE);
mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
canvas.drawCircle(tempRect.right, tempRect.centerY(), extendRadius, mPaint);
//扩展圆的位置信息,处理touch事件需要
extendPointRectF = new RectF(selectedRectF.right - extendRadius * extendTouchRate,
selectedRectF.centerY() - extendRadius * extendTouchRate,
selectedRectF.right + extendRadius * extendTouchRate,
selectedRectF.centerY() + extendRadius * extendTouchRate);
} else {
extendPointRectF = null;
}
}
private boolean checkOverlapping() {
if (selectedRectF != null) {
for (RectF rectF : unselectableRectFs) {
if (rectF.intersects(selectedRectF.left, selectedRectF.top,
selectedRectF.right, selectedRectF.bottom)) {
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
点击,移动,扩展
通过前面的分析,我们知道这个view中的事件有很多种:点击,移动刻度尺,移动选中区域,扩展选中区域。我们定义这四种类型便于后续的事件处理:
public static final int TYPE_MOVE = 1;
public static final int TYPE_EXTEND = 2;
public static final int TYPE_CLICK = 3;
public static final int TYPE_SLIDE = 4;
然后改造一下onTouchEvent:
private boolean linking;//是否正在联动
private Handler handler = new BookHandler(this);
private int boundary = space / 2;//屏幕边界范围
private static class BookHandler extends Handler {
private static final int DELAY_MILLIS = 10;//刷新率(0~16)
private WeakReference selectViewWeakReference;
BookHandler(SelectView selectView) {
super();
selectViewWeakReference = new WeakReference<>(selectView);
}
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
SelectView view = selectViewWeakReference.get();
if (view != null) {
float dx = (float) msg.obj;
view.changeOffsetBy(dx);
if (msg.what == MESSAGE_EXTEND) {
float r = view.selectedRectF.right + dx;
view.resetSelectedRight(r);
} else if (msg.what == MESSAGE_MOVE) {
float l = view.selectedRectF.left + dx;
float r = view.selectedRectF.right + dx;
view.resetSelectedRectF(l, r);
}
view.postInvalidate();
if (view.linking) {
sendMessageDelayed(Message.obtain(msg), DELAY_MILLIS);
}
}
}
}
@Override
public boolean performClick() {
return super.performClick();
}
@Override
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
if (velocityTracker == null) {
velocityTracker = VelocityTracker.obtain();
}
velocityTracker.addMovement(event);
int action = event.getAction();
switch (action) {
case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
scroller.forceFinished(true);
downX = event.getX();
lastX = downX;
downY = event.getY();
checkTouchType();
break;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
float x = event.getX();
float dx = x - lastX;
if (touchType == TYPE_EXTEND) {
handleExtend(dx);
} else if (touchType == TYPE_MOVE) {
handleMove(dx);
} else if (touchType == TYPE_SLIDE) {
changeOffsetBy(-dx);
}
lastX = x;
postInvalidate();
break;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL:
float upX = event.getX();
float upY = event.getY();
if (Math.abs(upX - downX) < touchSlop && Math.abs(upY - downY) < touchSlop) {
touchType = TYPE_CLICK;
performClick();
}
handleActionUp(upX);
break;
default:
break;
}
return true;
}
private void checkTouchType() {
RectF extend = null;
if (extendPointRectF != null) {
extend = new RectF(extendPointRectF.left - offset, extendPointRectF.top,
extendPointRectF.right - offset, extendPointRectF.bottom);
Timber.i("extend:" + extend.toString());
}
RectF selected = null;
if (selectedRectF != null) {
selected = new RectF(selectedRectF.left - offset, selectedRectF.top,
selectedRectF.right - offset, selectedRectF.bottom);
Timber.i("selected:" + selected.toString());
}
if (extend != null && extend.contains(lastX, downY)) {
touchType = TYPE_EXTEND;
} else if (selected != null && selected.contains(lastX, downY)) {
touchType = TYPE_MOVE;
} else {
touchType = TYPE_SLIDE;
}
}
private void handleExtend(float dx) {
//如果正在联动时,避免手指抖动造成不必要停止
if (linking && Math.abs(dx) < touchSlop) {
return;
}
float right = selectedRectF.right += dx;
//下层联动
Message message = null;
if (dx > 0 && width - (right - offset) < boundary //选中区域滑到屏幕右边
&& offset < maxOffset) {
message = handler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_EXTEND, linkDx);
} else if (dx < 0 && right > selectedRectF.left
&& right - offset < boundary && offset > minOffset) {
message = handler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_EXTEND, -linkDx);
}
if (message != null) {
if (!linking) {
linking = true;
handler.sendMessage(message);
}
} else {
stopLinking();
resetSelectedRight(right);
}
}
private void handleMove(float dx) {
//如果正在联动时,避免手指抖动造成不必要停止
if (linking && Math.abs(dx) < touchSlop) {
return;
}
float left = selectedRectF.left += dx;
float right = selectedRectF.right += dx;
Message message = null;
if ((dx < 0 && left - offset < boundary && offset > minOffset)) {//选中区域滑到屏幕左边并继续向左滑动
message = handler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_MOVE, -linkDx);
} else if (dx > 0 && width - (right - offset) < boundary && offset < maxOffset) {//选中区域滑到屏幕右边并且继续向右滑动
message = handler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_MOVE, linkDx);
}
Timber.e("message:" + message);
if (message != null) {//处在两边界,需要联动
if (!linking) {
linking = true;
handler.sendMessage(message);
}
} else {
stopLinking();
resetSelectedRectF(left, right);
}
}
private void handleActionUp(float upX) {
if (touchType == TYPE_CLICK) {
int start = (int) ((upX + offset) / space);
int[] area = getSelected();
setSelected(start, area == null ? CLICK_SPACE : area[1]);
} else if (touchType == TYPE_EXTEND) {
stopLinking();
int right = Math.round(selectedRectF.right / space) * space;
resetSelectedRight(right);
postInvalidate();
} else if (touchType == TYPE_MOVE) {
stopLinking();
int[] area = getSelected();
if (area != null) {
setSelected(area[0], area[1]);
}
} else if (touchType == TYPE_SLIDE) {
//处理惯性滑动
velocityTracker.computeCurrentVelocity(1000, 8000);
float xVelocity = velocityTracker.getXVelocity();
if (Math.abs(xVelocity) > minFlingVelocity) {
scroller.fling(0, 0, (int) xVelocity, 0, Integer.MIN_VALUE,
Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, 0);
}
velocityTracker.clear();
}
}
private void stopLinking() {
linking = false;
handler.removeCallbacksAndMessages(null);
}
/**
* 重置选择区域的位置
*
* @param left
* @param right
*/
private void resetSelectedRectF(float left, float right) {
if (left < 0) {
left = 0;
right = selectedRectF.right - selectedRectF.left;
}
if (right > maxWidth) {
right = maxWidth;
left = maxWidth - (selectedRectF.right - selectedRectF.left);
}
int minSpace = minSelect * space;
if (right - left < minSpace) {//最小值
if (maxWidth - selectedRectF.left < minSpace) {
right = maxWidth;
left = maxWidth - minSpace;
} else {
right = selectedRectF.left + minSpace;
}
}
selectedRectF.left = left;
selectedRectF.right = right;
}
/**
* 重置选择区域的right
*
* @param right
*/
private void resetSelectedRight(float right) {
if (right > maxWidth) {
right = maxWidth;
}
int minSpace = minSelect * space;
if (right - selectedRectF.left < minSpace) {//最小值
if (maxWidth - selectedRectF.left < minSpace) {
right = maxWidth;
selectedRectF.left = maxWidth - minSpace;
} else {
right = selectedRectF.left + minSpace;
}
}
selectedRectF.right = right;
}
/**
* 将选择内容转换成区域
*
* @param start 开始位置
* @param count 数量
*/
public void setSelected(int start, int count) {
if (start > titles.length - 1) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("wrong start");
}
int right = (start + count) * space;
if (right > maxWidth) {
// int cut = Math.round((right - maxWidth) * 1f / space);
// start -= cut;//整体向左移动
right = maxWidth;
}
int left = start * space;
if (selectedRectF == null) {
selectedRectF = new RectF(left, areaTop, right, height);
if (selectChangeListener != null) {
selectChangeListener.onSelected();
}
} else {
selectedRectF.set(left, areaTop, right, height);
}
notifySelectChangeListener(start, count);
postInvalidate();
}
/**
* 将选中区域转换成选择内容
*
* @return [start, count]
*/
public int[] getSelected() {
if (selectedRectF == null) {
return null;
}
int[] area = new int[2];
float w = selectedRectF.right - selectedRectF.left;
area[0] = Math.round(selectedRectF.left / space);
area[1] = Math.round(w / space);
return area;
}
performClick会在你重写onTouchEvent时as提示你需要重写的方法,因为你可能没有考虑到如果给这个view设置OnClickListener的情况。如果你没有在onTouchEvent中调用performClick,那么setOnClickListener方法就失效了。
你可能注意到这一次比较复杂,并且还有一个linking字段,表示是否正在联动,我解释一下这个联动的概念:通过gif其实你可能注意到,当我移动或者扩展选中区域的时候,如果移动到了屏幕的边界,后面的刻度尺就会跟着移动,实际上这个时候选中区域在屏幕中的位置没有改变,只是刻度尺移动了。一开始我也是通过dx来改变offset,但是存在一个问题,移动到屏幕边缘之后,手指可以移动的区域已经很小了,不会产生足够的dx(手指不移动的话,不会有新的touch事件产生)。最好的体验是我把手机移动到屏幕边缘,刻度尺就会自己按照一定的速率移动直到最大offset或者最小offset。于是我使用了Handler,当满足条件后发送消息,表示开始进行联动,会按照固定速度产生一个dx改变offset。当然,在离开屏幕边缘的时候还需要及时取消handler的任务。
至此,功能基本已经实现了,运行一下看看效果吧~
后面需要做什么那?现在这个view只能自己玩,我需要它与其他view有交互,比如选中什么区域,状态的改变生么的。
状态变化
声明两个接口,并在适当时候回调它们的方法,这样外部就能感知view的状态变化。
public interface OverlappingStateChangeListener {
void onOverlappingStateChanged(boolean isOverlapping);
}
public interface SelectChangeListener {
void onSelected();
void onSelectChanged(int start, int count);
}
完善
后面的话就是根据业务添加一些api了,例如添加不可选区域,改变刻度范围什么,一切都看需求了。
源码
最后附上代码:SelectView