python-Flask_SQLAlchemy(1)

数据库SQLAlchemy

[TOC]

SQLAlchemy介绍

  • flask_sqlalchemy是一套ORM框架。
  • ORM(Object Relationship Mapping):模型关系映射,把关系数据库的表结构映射到对象上
  • ORM优点:
    • 隐藏数据访问细节,提高开发效率
    • 构造数据结构变得简单
  • ORM缺点:
    • 降低执行效率,增加学习成本
    • 无法进行复杂的查询

配置连接与初始化

  1. 在config.py文件添加配置信息
# 数据库连接遵循这个语句
# dialect+driver://username:password@host:port/database
DIALECT = 'mysql'
DRIVER = 'pymysql'
USERNAME = 'Jyang'
PASSWORD = 'yj19930621+-*/'
HOST = '127.0.0.1'
PORT = '3306'
DATABASE = 'jsql'

SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = "{}+{}://{}:{}@{}:{}/{}?charset=utf8".format(
    DIALECT, DRIVER, USERNAME, PASSWORD, HOST, PORT, DATABASE)

SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = False      # 不提示警告
  1. 导入用flask_sqlalchemy中的SQLAlchemy进行初始化,并引入配置文件
from flask import Flask
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
import config

app = Flask(__name__)      
app.config.from_object(config)      #引入配置文件
db = SQLAlchemy(app)                #实例化

db.create_all() #将模型创建到数据库中(只创建,后续有变化不会修改,如字段有变动需要再数据库把表删掉)

实例

config.py

# encoding: utf-8
DEBUG = True 

DIALECT = 'mysql'
DRIVER = 'pymysql'
USERNAME = 'Jyang'
PASSWORD = 'yj19930621+-*/'
HOST = '127.0.0.1'
PORT = '3306'
DATABASE = 'jsql'

SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = "{}+{}://{}:{}@{}:{}/{}?charset=utf8".format(
    DIALECT, DRIVER, USERNAME, PASSWORD, HOST, PORT, DATABASE)
SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = False

main.py

from flask import Flask
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
import config

app = Flask(__name__)       #引入配置文件
app.config.from_object(config)
db = SQLAlchemy(app)

class User(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'user'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key= True, autoincrement = True) 
    username = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable = False)

# 创建映射表
class Article(db.Model):    #模型必须继承db.Model
    #db.Column映射到表中字段,primary_key主键,autoincrement自增,nullable可为空(默认为True)
    __tablename__ = 'article'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key= True, autoincrement = True) 
    title = db.Column(db.String(100),nullable = False)
    content = db.Column(db.Text, nullable = False)
    author_id = db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey('user.id'))#关联user表的id字段
    
    #反向引用,'User'为模型名字
    author = db.relationship('User',backref=db.backref('article'))

db.create_all() 

@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    return "hello world"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

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