Android 由setContentView探究Activity界面加载流程及Activity、Window和DecorView的关系

前言

当我们打开一个activity需要显示内容的时候,只需要在onCreate方法中执行setContentView方法,一行代码搞定,很简单,有么有。但是,有没有想过setConentView方法内部,执行了那些操作,Window、DecorView、ViewRootImpl是怎么回事,本文就来一步步分析其内部工作流程。源码基于Android API 21。

Activity#setContentView

    public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
        getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID);
        initWindowDecorActionBar();
    }

    ...

    public Window getWindow() {
        return mWindow;
    }

可以看到,Activity#setContentView内部调用了mWindow中的setContentView方法,那这个mWindow是什么呢?可以看出它是Window类型的。先来看看mWindow是在哪里创建的,通过源码可以发现在Activity#attach中对其进行了赋值操作(注:在Activity启动过程中,会执行ActivityThread#performLaunchActivity方法,在这个方法中会调用Activity#attach方法)。

    final void attach(Context context, ActivityThread aThread,
            Instrumentation instr, IBinder token, int ident,
            Application application, Intent intent, ActivityInfo info,
            CharSequence title, Activity parent, String id,
            NonConfigurationInstances lastNonConfigurationInstances,
            Configuration config, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor) {

        ...
        //在这里创建Activity所属的Window对象并赋值给mWindow
        mWindow = PolicyManager.makeNewWindow(this);
        mWindow.setCallback(this);//Activity实现了Window的Callback接口,这里给Window注册监听
        mWindow.setOnWindowDismissedCallback(this);
        mWindow.getLayoutInflater().setPrivateFactory(this);
        if (info.softInputMode != WindowManager.LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_STATE_UNSPECIFIED) {
            mWindow.setSoftInputMode(info.softInputMode);
        }
        if (info.uiOptions != 0) {
            mWindow.setUiOptions(info.uiOptions);
        }
        ...

创建Window并初始化DecorView

接着上文看下PolicyManager#makeNewWindow

    public static Window makeNewWindow(Context context) {
        // this will likely crash somewhere beyond so we log it.
        Bridge.getLog().error(LayoutLog.TAG_UNSUPPORTED,
                "Call to PolicyManager.makeNewWindow is not supported", null);
        return null;
    }

发现PolicyManager#makeNewWindow方法并没有具体实现,并且PolicyManager中的方法全在接口IPolicy中声明了。

public interface IPolicy {
    public Window makeNewWindow(Context context);

    public LayoutInflater makeNewLayoutInflater(Context context);

    public WindowManagerPolicy makeNewWindowManager();

    public FallbackEventHandler makeNewFallbackEventHandler(Context context);
}

其真正的实现是在Policy类中,如下:

    public Window makeNewWindow(Context context) {
        return new PhoneWindow(context);
    }

可以看到,最终是实例化了PhoneWindow,PhoneWindow是Window的唯一子类。
至此,Window的创建过程就结束了,接着看PhoneWindow#setContentView方法。

    @Override
    public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
        // Note: FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS may be set in the process of installing the window
        // decor, when theme attributes and the like are crystalized. Do not check the feature
        // before this happens.

        //重点在这里,mContentParent为null,执行installDecor方法。
        if (mContentParent == null) {
            installDecor();//初始化DecorView
        } else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
            mContentParent.removeAllViews();
        }

        if (hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
            final Scene newScene = Scene.getSceneForLayout(mContentParent, layoutResID,
                    getContext());
            transitionTo(newScene);
        } else {
            //这个方法内部会把我们的布局文件的内容添加mContentParent中。
            mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);
        }
        final Callback cb = getCallback();
        if (cb != null && !isDestroyed()) {
            cb.onContentChanged();//执行回调
        }
    }

这个方法中主要两个工作:1. 如果mContentParent为null,则执行installDecor方法,即初始化DecorView;2. 通过mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent将我们的布局内部添加到mContentParent;3. 当屏幕的内容发生改变时,执行回调方法onContentChanged。那么这个mContentParent是指什么呢?这里先保留疑问,我们接下来就会解释。来看下installDecor方法做了什么工作。

private void installDecor() {
        //如果DecorView为null,则创建DecorView
        if (mDecor == null) {
            mDecor = generateDecor();
            mDecor.setDescendantFocusability(ViewGroup.FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS);
            mDecor.setIsRootNamespace(true);
            if (!mInvalidatePanelMenuPosted && mInvalidatePanelMenuFeatures != 0) {
                mDecor.postOnAnimation(mInvalidatePanelMenuRunnable);
            }
        }

        ...

        if (mContentParent == null) {
            初始化DecorView的布局结构,获取mContentParent并返回。
            mContentParent = generateLayout(mDecor);
            ...
        } 

        ...

    }
    protected DecorView generateDecor() {
        return new DecorView(getContext(), -1);
    }
protected ViewGroup generateLayout(DecorView decor) {
        // Apply data from current theme.
      
        TypedArray a = getWindowStyle();
        ...
        //获取一堆主题中设置的属性进行相关设置(好长一堆~~)
        if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_windowNoTitle, false)) {
            requestFeature(FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
        } else if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_windowActionBar, false)) {
            // Don't allow an action bar if there is no title.
            requestFeature(FEATURE_ACTION_BAR);
        }

        if (...) {
            ...
        }
        ...
     
        // Inflate the window decor.
        //根据不同的窗口特征,layoutResource对应不同的布局文件,用来填充DecorView(又是很长一堆~~)。
        int layoutResource;
        int features = getLocalFeatures();
        // System.out.println("Features: 0x" + Integer.toHexString(features));
        if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_SWIPE_TO_DISMISS)) != 0) {
            layoutResource = R.layout.screen_swipe_dismiss;
        } else if ((features & ((1 << FEATURE_LEFT_ICON) | (1 << FEATURE_RIGHT_ICON))) != 0) {
            if (mIsFloating) {
                TypedValue res = new TypedValue();
                getContext().getTheme().resolveAttribute(
                        R.attr.dialogTitleIconsDecorLayout, res, true);
                layoutResource = res.resourceId;
            } else {
                layoutResource = R.layout.screen_title_icons;
            }
            // XXX Remove this once action bar supports these features.
            removeFeature(FEATURE_ACTION_BAR);
            // System.out.println("Title Icons!");
        } 
        
        ...
        
        //重点在这里
        //把对应的布局文件填充并加载到DecorView,初始化DecorView的结构
        View in = mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResource, null);
        decor.addView(in, new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT));
        mContentRoot = (ViewGroup) in;
        //看到contentParent了吧,它对应了DecorView中id为com.android.internal.R.id.content的ViewGroup。
        ViewGroup contentParent = (ViewGroup)findViewById(ID_ANDROID_CONTENT);
        if (contentParent == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Window couldn't find content container view");
        }
        ...

        return contentParent;
    }

这个主要做了三件事:1.根据主题中属性进行一些相关设置2.根据不同的窗口特征,获取对应的布局文件,用来初始化DecorView的布局结构。3.获取contentParent,contentParent对应了DecorView布局文件中id为com.android.internal.R.id.content的ViewGroup,它其实是一个FrameLayout。如图所示:

Android 由setContentView探究Activity界面加载流程及Activity、Window和DecorView的关系_第1张图片
DecorView结构图.png

再回到上文PhoneWindow#setContentView方法中,当获取到mContentParent后,还会执行mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent)将我们写的xml布局文件加载到mContentParent,至于加载细节我们这里就不做分析了。

小结:至此,我们已经实例化了Window,初始化了DecorView布局结构,并且把我们布局文件加载到了mContentParent中。不过DecorView并没有显示出来,因为View并不能单独存在,必须依附于Window。

在Activity在启动流程中(Activity的启动流程很复杂,我们这里不做具体分析),当执行了ActivityThread#performLaunchActivity方法后还会执行ActivityThread#handleResumeActivity方法,在这个方法中首先会调用Activity的onResume方法,接着调用Activity的makeVisible方法。

    void makeVisible() {
        if (!mWindowAdded) {
            ViewManager wm = getWindowManager();//获取WindowManager
            wm.addView(mDecor, getWindow().getAttributes());//通过WindowManager完成Window的添加过程
            mWindowAdded = true;
        }
        mDecor.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);//让DecorView可见
    }

此方法将完成Window的添加过程,以及让DecorView显示出来,至此Activity界面加载流程就结束了

将DecorView添加到Window

接着上文,看看DecorView是如何添加到Window中的。Window其实是个抽象的概念,它并不是一个实体。我们可以把Window理解成一种抽象的功能集合,每个Window都关联一个View和ViewRootImpl。

public interface ViewManager
{   
    public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params);
    public void updateViewLayout(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params);
    public void removeView(View view);
}

发现ViewManager是一个接口,WindowManager继承了ViewManager,也是一个接口。看它的实现类WindowManagerImpl中的addView方法。

    @Override
    public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) {
        mGlobal.addView(view, params, mDisplay, mParentWindow);
    }

发现WindowManagerImpl#addView并没有实现具体细节,而是交给了WindowManagerGlobal中的addView去处理。

public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params,
            Display display, Window parentWindow) {
        ...

        ViewRootImpl root;

        synchronized (mLock) {
            ...
            //实例化ViewRootImpl,它是WindowManager和DecorView的纽带
            root = new ViewRootImpl(view.getContext(), display);

            view.setLayoutParams(wparams);

            mViews.add(view);//保存所有Window对应的View
            mRoots.add(root);//保存所有Window对应的ViewRootImpl
            mParams.add(wparams);//保存所有Window对应的布局参数
        }

        // do this last because it fires off messages to start doing things
        try {
            //重点是这个方法 开始出发消息做事情
            root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView);
        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
            // BadTokenException or InvalidDisplayException, clean up.
            synchronized (mLock) {
                final int index = findViewLocked(view, false);
                if (index >= 0) {
                    removeViewLocked(index, true);
                }
            }
            throw e;
        }
    }

我们接着来看ViewRootImpl#setView方法

/**
     * We have one child
     */
    public void setView(View view, WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs, View panelParentView) {
        synchronized (this) {
            if (mView == null) {
                mView = view;
                ...//省略一大波代码
                // Schedule the first layout -before- adding to the window
                // manager, to make sure we do the relayout before receiving
                // any other events from the system.
                //内部最终会调用performTraversals方法开启View的绘制流程。
                requestLayout();
                if ((mWindowAttributes.inputFeatures
                        & WindowManager.LayoutParams.INPUT_FEATURE_NO_INPUT_CHANNEL) == 0) {
                    mInputChannel = new InputChannel();
                }
                try {
                    mOrigWindowType = mWindowAttributes.type;
                    mAttachInfo.mRecomputeGlobalAttributes = true;
                    collectViewAttributes();
                    //通过IWindowSession来完成Window的添加过程
                    res = mWindowSession.addToDisplay(mWindow, mSeq, mWindowAttributes,
                            getHostVisibility(), mDisplay.getDisplayId(),
                            mAttachInfo.mContentInsets, mInputChannel);
                } catch (RemoteException e) {
                    mAdded = false;
                    mView = null;
                    mAttachInfo.mRootView = null;
                    mInputChannel = null;
                    mFallbackEventHandler.setView(null);
                    unscheduleTraversals();
                    setAccessibilityFocus(null, null);
                    throw new RuntimeException("Adding window failed", e);
                } finally {
                    if (restore) {
                        attrs.restore();
                    }
                }
                ...//省略一大波代码
         }

这个方法很长,我们只看与本文主流程相关部分。有两个重要的地方。

  1. 通过requestLayout方法开启顶级View的测绘。
    @Override
    public void requestLayout() {
        if (!mHandlingLayoutInLayoutRequest) {
            checkThread();
            mLayoutRequested = true;
            scheduleTraversals();
        }
    }
    void scheduleTraversals() {
        if (!mTraversalScheduled) {
            mTraversalScheduled = true;
            mTraversalBarrier = mHandler.getLooper().postSyncBarrier();
            mChoreographer.postCallback(
                    Choreographer.CALLBACK_TRAVERSAL, mTraversalRunnable, null);
            if (!mUnbufferedInputDispatch) {
                scheduleConsumeBatchedInput();
            }
            notifyRendererOfFramePending();
        }
    }

    final class TraversalRunnable implements Runnable {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            doTraversal();
        }
    }
    final TraversalRunnable mTraversalRunnable = new TraversalRunnable();
    void doTraversal() {
        if (mTraversalScheduled) {
            mTraversalScheduled = false;
            mHandler.getLooper().removeSyncBarrier(mTraversalBarrier);

            if (mProfile) {
                Debug.startMethodTracing("ViewAncestor");
            }

            Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "performTraversals");
            try {
                performTraversals();
            } finally {
                Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
            }

            if (mProfile) {
                Debug.stopMethodTracing();
                mProfile = false;
            }
        }
    }
    private void performTraversals() {
            ...
            //执行测量
            performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
            ...
            //执行布局
            performLayout(lp, desiredWindowWidth, desiredWindowHeight);
            ...
            //执行绘制
            performDraw();
    }

performTraversals方法依次会执行performMeasureperformLayout以及performDraw来完成对顶级View的测量、布局、绘制。performMeasure方法中会调用measure方法,measure方法中又会调用onMeasure方法,在onMeasure方法中会完成子View的measure过程,measure过程就从父View传到了子View。子View又会重复父View的动作,如此反复,就完成了整个View树的测量过程。performLayout以及performDraw方法与performMeasure类似。可以说View的三大工作流程是performTraversals开始的

  1. 通过WindowSession完成window的添加过程。

先来看下mWindowSession的创建过程

   public ViewRootImpl(Context context, Display display) {
        mWindowSession = WindowManagerGlobal.getWindowSession();//获取WindowSession
   }
public static IWindowSession getWindowSession() {
        synchronized (WindowManagerGlobal.class) {
            if (sWindowSession == null) {
                try {
                    InputMethodManager imm = InputMethodManager.getInstance();
                    IWindowManager windowManager = getWindowManagerService();
                    sWindowSession = windowManager.openSession(
                            new IWindowSessionCallback.Stub() {
                                @Override
                                public void onAnimatorScaleChanged(float scale) {
                                    ValueAnimator.setDurationScale(scale);
                                }
                            },
                            imm.getClient(), imm.getInputContext());
                    ValueAnimator.setDurationScale(windowManager.getCurrentAnimatorScale());
                } catch (RemoteException e) {
                    Log.e(TAG, "Failed to open window session", e);
                }
            }
            return sWindowSession;
        }
    }

    public static IWindowManager getWindowManagerService() {
        synchronized (WindowManagerGlobal.class) {
            if (sWindowManagerService == null) {
                sWindowManagerService = IWindowManager.Stub.asInterface(
                        ServiceManager.getService("window"));
            }
            return sWindowManagerService;
        }
    }

mWindowSession类型是IWindowManager,它是一个Binder对象,可见Window的添加过程是个IPC过程。

openSession方法是在WindowManagerService具体实现的

    public IWindowSession openSession(IWindowSessionCallback callback, IInputMethodClient client,
            IInputContext inputContext) {
        if (client == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("null client");
        if (inputContext == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("null inputContext");
        Session session = new Session(this, callback, client, inputContext);
        return session;
    }

在WindowManagerService#openSession实例化了Session并返回。Session是IWindowSession的实现类。addToDisplay方法也是在Session中具体实现的。

    @Override
    public int addToDisplay(IWindow window, int seq, WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs,
            int viewVisibility, int displayId, Rect outContentInsets,
            InputChannel outInputChannel) {
        return mService.addWindow(this, window, seq, attrs, viewVisibility, displayId,
                outContentInsets, outInputChannel);
    }

在这个方法内部又调用了WindowManagerService#addWindow方法,最终完成了Window的添加过程。其具体细节不再说了。。。

希望能对您有所帮助,若文中有错误或表述不当的地方还望指出,互相交流,共同成长!

相关文章:
Android View 测量流程(Measure)源码解析
Android View 布局流程(Layout)源码解析
Android View 绘制流程(Draw)源码解析

你可能感兴趣的:(Android 由setContentView探究Activity界面加载流程及Activity、Window和DecorView的关系)