TE20170121/LeadersP7/The 45th president
目录
文集经济学人
《经济学人笔记》食用说明
经济学人笔记#001
经济学人笔记#002
经济学人笔记#003
经济学人笔记#004
Inauguration [ɪˌnɔ:ɡjə'reɪʃn] n. 就职; 就职典礼;
1.Donald Trump’s term as America’s 45th president, which is due to begin with the inauguration on January 20th, stands to be one ofthose moments.
2.Kennedy now had sventy - three days to go until inauguration.肯尼迪还有七十三天就要正式就职了.
3.The inauguration of the President is announced for Friday.总统的就职典礼已定于星期五举行.
Shake-up n.(组织或体制的)重大调整，整顿
1.Those who back him are awaiting the biggest shake-up in Washington,DC, in half a century-though their optimism is an act of faith.
2.Doctors yesterday delivered an overwhelming vote of no confidence in controversial health service shake-ups.对于备受争议的公共医疗卫生服务体系的改革整顿举措，昨天医生们投出了压倒多数的不信任票。
3.Instead of the government's piecemeal approach, what is needed is a radical shake-up of 16-19 education.需要的不是政府零敲碎打的措施，而是要对16至19岁年龄段的教育进行彻底变革。
Optimism [ˈɒptɪmɪzəm] n. 乐观;
1.Those who back him are awaiting the biggest shake-up in Washington,DC, in half a century-though their optimism is an act of faith.
2.In the interview he gave some grounds for optimism.他接受采访时阐述了持乐观态度的理由。
3.The Indian Prime Minister has expressed optimism about India's future relations with the USA.印度总理对未来的印美关系表示乐观。
Oppose [əˈpəʊz] vt.& vi.反对；阻挠
1.Those who oppose him are convinced there will be chaos and ruin on an epoch-changing scale—though their despair is guesswork.
2.Mr Taylor was not bitter towards those who had opposed him.泰勒先生对那些曾反对过他的人并未怀恨在心。
3.Many parents oppose bilingual education in schools.很多家长反对学校实行双语教育。
Chaos [ˈkeɪɒs] n. 混乱，
1.Those who oppose him are convinced there will be chaos and ruin on an epoch-changing scale—though their despair is guesswork.
2.It is impossible to establish democracy amid economic chaos.经济秩序混乱不堪，是不可能建立民主的。
3.Whatever troubles arise, we'll have peace of mind amidst seeming chaos.无论出现什么样的麻烦，我们都会在貌似混乱的情形中保持平和的心态。
Ruin [ˈru:ɪn] n.崩溃
1.Those who oppose him are convinced there will be chaos and ruin on an epoch-changing scale—though their despair is guesswork.
2.She wasn't going to let her plans go to ruin.她不会让她的计划破产的。
3.The vineyards were falling into ruin.这些葡萄园日渐没落。
Epoch [ˈi:pɒk] n.时代;纪元
1.Those who oppose him are convinced there will be chaos and ruin on an epoch-changing scale—though their despair is guesswork.
2.The birth of Christ was the beginning of a major epoch of world history.基督诞生是世界历史上一个重要纪元的开端。
3.It was meant to sound like an epoch-making declaration.有意让它听起来像是一个划时代的宣言。
Guesswork [ˈgeswɜ:k] n. 猜想，猜测;
1.Those who oppose him are convinced there will be chaos and ruin on an epoch-changing scale—though their despair is guesswork.
2.The question of who planted the bomb remains a matter of guesswork.到底是谁安放了炸弹依然只是猜测。
3.We can't make a decision based on hearsay and guesswork.我们不能根据传言和猜测作决定。
Wig [wɪg] n. 假发，法官帽;
1.Inside the West Wig
2.She wore a powdered wig, as was the fashion of the day.她戴着当时流行的扑粉假发.
3.He disguised himself with a wig and false beard.他用假发和假胡须来乔装.
Occupied [ˈɒkjupaɪd] v.( occupy的过去式和过去分词 ); 使用;
1.But there is enough information—from the campaign, the months since his victory and his life as a property developer and entertainer—to take a view of what kind of person Mr Trump is and how he means to fill the office first occupied by George Washington.
2.Land is, in most instances, purchased by those who occupy it.在大多数情况下，土地都是由其使用者购得。
3.I saw three camp beds, two of which were occupied.我看见了3张折叠床，其中两张已有人占了。
Reopen [ˌri:ˈəʊpən] vt.& vi.(使)重新开业;(使)重新营业
1.He will tell the New York Times that climate change is man-made in one breath and promise coal country that he will reopen its mines in the next.
2.Iran reopened its embassy in London.伊朗在伦敦重开使馆。
3.The company originally intended to reopen the factory with non-union workers.公司原打算雇用不属于工会的工人重新开工。
Distinction [dɪˈstɪŋkʃn] n.分别;差别;不同
1.When a president speaks, no easy distinction is to be made between word and deed.
2.Many people make a sharp distinction between humans and other animals.很多人认为人类和其他动物截然不同。
3.We must draw a clear distinction between right and wrong.我们必须明确区分是与非.
Deed [di:d] n. 行为; 行动;
1.When a president speaks, no easy distinction is to be made between word and deed.
2.His heroic deeds were celebrated in every corner of India.他的英勇事迹在印度各地广为传颂。
3.A man's deed is the touchstone of his greatness or littleness.行动是一个人伟大或者渺小的试金石.
Obsolete [ˈɒbsəli:t] adj.过时的；废弃的；淘汰的
1.When Mr Trump says that NATO(北约) is obsolete, as he did to two European journalists last week, he makes its obsolescence more likely, even if he takes no action.
2.So much equipment becomes obsolete almost as soon as it's made.这么多设备几乎一生产出来就要被淘汰。
3.They tried to hammer obsolete ideas into the young people's heads.他们竭力把陈旧思想灌输给青年.
Sketch [sketʃ] v.为…画素描
1.Moreover, Mr Trump has long held certain beliefs and attitudes that sketch out the lines of a possible presidency.
2.Clare and David Astor are sketching a view of far Spanish hills.克莱尔和戴维·阿斯特正在画远处西班牙山峦的风景素描。
3.I always sketch with pen and paper.我总是用钢笔和纸画素描。
Presidency [ˈprezɪdənsi] n. 总统; 总统的任期;
1.Moreover, Mr Trump has long held certain beliefs and attitudes that sketch out the lines of a possible presidency.
2.They have been calling the Presidency decision a backroom deal.他们称总统人选问题是个幕后交易。
3.Poverty had declined during his presidency.在他担任总统期间，贫困人口减少了。
Soared [sɔ:d] v. (soar的过去式和过去分词); (数量、价值、水平、规模等)急升，猛涨
1.Surveys show that business confidence has soared.
2.Shares soared on the stock exchange...股市的股票价格暴涨。
3.Insurance claims are expected to soar...预计保险索赔数量会急剧增加。
Deregulation [ˌdi:ˌreɡjʊ'leɪʃn] n.撤销管制规定;解除控制
1.A boom in domestic spending should follow which, combined with investment in infrastructure and a programe of deregulation, will lift the economy and boost wages.
2.Since deregulation, banks are permitted to set their own interest rates.管制撤销之后，银行可以自行设定利率。
3.Prices have gone up 61 percent since deregulation.价格自解除管制以来已经上涨了61%。
Confer [kənˈfɜ:(r)] vt.授予，赋予
1.Done well, tax reform would confer lasting benefits (see Free exchange), as would a thoughtful and carefully designed programe of infrastructure investment and deregulation.
2.The constitution also confers large powers on Brazil's 25 constituent states...宪法还赋予巴西的25个成员州很大的权力。
3.Jogging will confer striking benefits.慢跑会带来明显益处.
Chases [tʃeisiz] vt.争取，追逐，追求(工作或金钱等)
1.But if such programs are poorly executed, there is the risk of a sugar-rush as capital chases opportunities that do little to enhance the productive potential ofthe economy.
2.There are too many schools chasing too few pupils.太多的学校在争夺太少的生源。
3.In Wales, 14 people are chasing every job.在威尔士，每份工作都有14个人在竞争。
Amassed [əˈmæst] v. 积累，积聚( amass的过去式和过去分词 );
1.The dollar will soar and countries that have amassed large dollar debts, many of them emerging markets, may well buckle.
2.How had he amassed his fortune?他是如何积累财富的呢？
3.Scientists have amassed considerable evidence over the past decade.科学家在过去十年内积累了相当多的证据.
Instability [ˌɪnstəˈbɪləti] n. 不稳定，不稳固;
1.One way or another, any resulting instability will blow back into America.
2.Much of the instability stems from the economic effects of the war.不稳定局面多半是由战争对经济的影响造成的。
3.Water may serve as a type of instability.水可以作为不稳定性的象征.
Tariffs ['tærɪf] n. 关税制度; 关税( tariff的名词复数 );
1.If the Trump administration reacts to widening trade deficits with extra tariffs and non-tariff barriers,then the instability will only be exacerbated.
2.America wants to eliminate tariffs on items such as electronics.美国打算取消电子产品等的关税。
3.The new tariffs have put a stranglehold on trade.新的关税制对开展贸易极为不利.
Exacerbated [ɪgˈzæsəˌbeɪtid] v.使恶化，使加重( exacerbate的过去式和过去分词 );
1.If the Trump administration reacts to widening trade deficits with extra tariffs and non-tariff barriers,then the instability will only be exacerbated.
2.Longstanding poverty has been exacerbated by racial divisions.种族分化已经加剧了长期的贫困问题。
3.The drugs they gave her only exacerbated the pain.他们给她吃的药只是加重了她的痛楚.
Conflict [ˈkɒnflɪkt] n. 冲突;
1.Should Mr Trump right from the start set out to engage foreign exporters from countries such as China, Germany and Mexico in a conflict over trade, he would do grave harm to the global regime that America itself created after the second world war.
2.This was a straight conflict of directly opposed aims.这是完全对立的目标之间的正面冲突。
3.He's looking for a way out from this conflict.他正在想办法摆脱这一纷争。
Grave [ɡreɪv] adj.严重的；重大的；严峻的
1.Should Mr Trump right from the start set out to engage foreign exporters from countries such as China, Germany and Mexico in a conflict over trade, he would do grave harm to the global regime that America itself created after the second world war.
2.I have grave doubts that the documents tell the whole story.我对这些文件能否说明所有的问题深表怀疑。
3.The country was passing through a grave crisis.那个国家正在经历一场严重危机
Regime [reɪˈʒi:m] n.（机构、公司、经济等的）管理制度，组织方法
1.Should Mr Trump right from the start set out to engage foreign exporters from countries such as China, Germany and Mexico in a conflict over trade, he would do grave harm to the global regime that America itself created after the second world war.
2.The authorities moved him to the less rigid regime of an open prison.当局把他转到一个管制不那么严格的开放式监狱。
3.Our tax regime is one of the most favourable in Europe.我们的税收管理体制是欧洲最受欢迎的税收体制之一。
Fragility [frə'dʒɪlətɪ] n. 脆弱，虚弱;
1.Just as Mr Trump underestimates the fragility of the global economic system, so too does he misread geopolitics.
2.Such examples hint at the fragility of a globalised world.这些例证也暗示了一个全球化世界的脆弱.
3.The fragility of crystal is not a weakness but a fineness.水晶的脆弱并不是一种软弱而是一个优点.
Hacked [hækt] v.劈，砍( hack的过去式和过去分词 );
1.Even before taking office, Mr Trump has hacked away at the decadesold, largely bipartisan cloth of American foreign policy.
2.Kim even hacked off her long hair.金甚至剪掉了她的长发。
3.He hacked at the branch until it fell off.他朝着树枝砍,直到砍下来为止.
Bipartisan [ˌbaɪpɑ:tɪˈzæn] adj. 两党的;
1.Even before taking office, Mr Trump has hacked away at the decadesold, largely bipartisan cloth of American foreign policy.
2.There was a bipartisan agreement on the need for discussions.需要讨论这一点得到两党的同意.
3.There is growing bipartisan support in Congress for changing those rules.国会两党议员对要求放松限制的支持率正在上升.
Predecessors [ˈpri:disesəz] n. 前任( predecessor的名词复数 );
1.He has casually disparaged the value of the European Union, which his predecessors always nurtured as a source of stability.
2.The government inherited an impossible situation from its predecessors.这届政府从前任那里接过了一个非常棘手的烂摊子。
3.Will new plan be any more acceptable than its predecessors?新计划比原先的计划更能令人满意 吗 ?
Nurtured [ˈnə:tʃəd] v. ( nurture的过去式和过去分词 ); 培育;
1.He has casually disparaged the value of the European Union, which his predecessors always nurtured as a source of stability.
2.Parents want to know the best way to nurture and raise their child to adulthood...父母希望知道养育孩子长大成人的最佳方法。
3.She had always nurtured great ambitions for her son.她总是鼓励儿子要树立远大抱负。
Chancellor ['tʃɑ:nsələ(r)] n.(德国或奥地利的)总理
1.He has compared Angela Merkel, Germany’s chancellor and the closest of allies, unfavourably to Vladimir Putin, Russia’s president and an old foe.
2.The new Chancellor has the guts to push through unpopular tax increases.新总理有勇气推动不受欢迎的增税方案获得通过。
3.They are pressing the Chancellor to reduce excise duty on beer.他们正给总理施压，要求降低啤酒的消费税。
Foe [fəʊ] n.敌人;对头
1.He has compared Angela Merkel, Germany’s chancellor and the closest of allies, unfavourably to Vladimir Putin, Russia’s president and an old foe.
2.A friend is a friend ; a foe is a foe; one must be clearly distinguished from the other.敌是敌,友是友, 必须分清界限.
3.This is the most serious challenge from his political foe.这是来自他政敌的最严重的挑战.
Savaged [ˈsævidʒd] v.激烈批评;猛烈抨击
1.He has savaged Mexico, whose prosperity and goodwill matter greatly to America's southern states.
2.The show had already been savaged by critics...这场演出已受到评论家们的激烈抨击。
3.An opposition spokesman savaged the government's housing investment program.一位反对党发言人猛烈抨击政府的住房投资计划.
Stitched [stitʃt] v. 缝，缝补，缝合( stitch的过去式和过去分词
1.And,most recklessly, he has begun to pull apart America’s carefully stitched dealings with the rising superpower, China—imperilling the most important bilateral relationship of all.
2.Jill washed and stitched the wound.吉尔清洗并缝合了伤口。
3.Shiraz has stitched up major deals all over the world to boost sales.希拉兹已经在全球促成了几笔大宗协议的签订，以此来提高销量。
Bilateral [ˌbaɪˈlætərəl] adj. 双边的，双方的;
1.And,most recklessly, he has begun to pull apart America’s carefully stitched dealings with the rising superpower, China—imperilling the most important bilateral relationship of all.
2.They have been negotiating a bilateral trade deal.他们一直在商谈一项双边贸易协定.
3.This is the basis on which our bilateral relations can and should continue to develop.这是两国关系应得到继续发展,并可能得到继续发展的基础.
Diplomacy [dɪˈpləʊməsi] n.外交
1.The idea running through Mr Trump’s diplomacy is that relations between states follow the art of the deal.
2.The talks have now gone into a stage of quiet diplomacy.会谈现在已经进入了“温和外交”阶段。
3.His government is placing its faith in international diplomacy.他的政府对国际外交关系充满信心。
Sovereign [ˈsɒvrɪn] adj.(国家)具有独立主权的
1.Mr Trump acts as if he can get what he wants from sovereign states by picking fights that he is then willing to settle—at a price, naturally.
2.The Russian Federation declared itself to be a sovereign republic.俄罗斯联邦宣布自己为主权独立的共和国。
3.Independence and sovereign equality among states is a fundamental principle of international law.国家的独立和主权平等,是国际法上的一项根本原则.
Anarchy [ˈænəki] n.无政府（状态）；无秩序；
1.Dealings between sovereign states tend towards anarchy—because, ultimately, there is no global government to impose order and no means of coercion but war.
2.If prices rise the country could slide into anarchy.如果物价上涨,国家将有可能陷入混乱状态.
3.The country was thrown into a state of anarchy.这国家那时一下子陷入无政府状态.
Impose [ɪmˈpəʊz] vt.强制实行;强加
1.Dealings between sovereign states tend towards anarchy—because, ultimately, there is no global government to impose order and no means of coercion but war.
2.Britain imposed fines on airlines which bring in passengers without proper papers.英国会对运载证件不齐全的乘客进入国内的航空公司课以罚款。
3.Many companies have imposed a pay freeze...许多公司已经强制冻结了工资。
Coercion [kəʊˈɜ:ʃn] n.强迫;胁迫;逼迫
1.Dealings between sovereign states tend towards anarchy—because, ultimately, there is no global government to impose order and no means of coercion but war.
2.It was vital that the elections should be free of coercion or intimidation.选举中不应有强迫或恐吓行为，这一点至关重要。
3.It possessed no means of coercion except public opinion.除了舆论以外,它没有任何强制手段.
Stalwarts [ˈstɔ:lwəts] n. 忠实拥护者( stalwart的名词复数 );
1.On the one hand you have party stalwarts, including the vice-president, Mike Pence; the chief of staff, Reince Priebus; and congressional Republicans, led by Paul Ryan and Mitch McConnell.
2.Friends should be wonderful stalwarts and help you in many ways.朋友们十分坚贞,且会在多方面对你伸出援手.
3.Dave: Probably old stalwarts like plastics and sugar.戴夫: 或许一些传统绩优股,像是塑料跟砂糖.
Insurgency [ɪnˈsɜ:dʒənsi] n. 起义; 暴动; 叛变;
1.The titanic struggle between normal politics and insurgency, mediated by MrTrump’s daughter, Ivanka, and son-in-law, Jared Kushner, will determine just how revolutionary this presidency is.
2.He has led a violent armed insurgency for 15 years.他领导武装暴动已达15年之久。
3.A war to disarm a state became a fight an insurgency.一场为一个国家裁军的战争变成了反暴动战斗.
Mediated [ˈmi:dieitid] v. 调停，调解，斡旋( mediate的过去式和过去分词 );
1.The titanic struggle between normal politics and insurgency, mediated by Mr Trump's daughter, Ivanka, and son-in-law, Jared Kushner, will determine just how revolutionary this presidency is.
2.UN peacekeepers mediated a new cease-fire.联合国维和人员斡旋后实现了新一轮的停火。
3.The government mediated between the workers and the employers.政府在工人与雇主间搞调和.
Assumes [əˈsju:mz] v. 取得（权力）( assume的第三人称单数 );
1.As Mr Trump assumes power, the world is on edge.
2.If there is no president, power will be assumed by the most extremist forces.如果没有主席，权力就会落入最极端的过激分子手中。
3.In emergency he assumes exceptional powers.在紧急情况下,他还拥有特殊权力.
Modest [ˈmɒdɪst] adj. 谦虚的，谦逊的;
1.From the Oval Office, presidents can do a modest amount of good.
2.He's modest, as well as being a great player.他是一名谦虚而伟大的运动员。
3.Lord Carrington is modest about his achievements.卡林顿勋爵对自己取得的成绩非常谦虚。
Immense [ɪˈmens] adj. 极大的，巨大的
1.Sadly, they can also do immense harm.
2.With immense relief I stopped running.我长长地松了一口气，停止了奔跑。
3.We are not in this to reap immense financial rewards.我们从事这一行不是为了获得巨大的经济回报。