Django：创建一个项目和一个 APP

Python3 + Django 2.0.4

---

创建一个项目和一个 APP

• 创建一个叫 HttpTestProject 项目：django-admin.py startproject HttpTestProject
• 进入项目目录，创建一个叫 HttpTest 的 APP: python3 manage.py startapp HttpTest
• 进入 APP 目录，创建 static & templates 目录

root@server_1:/var/HttpTestProject# tree
.
├── HttpTest
│   ├── admin.py
│   ├── apps.py
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── migrations
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   └── __pycache__
│   │       └── __init__.cpython-35.pyc
│   ├── models.py                                       //数据库相关操作
│   ├── __pycache__
│   │   ├── admin.cpython-35.pyc
│   │   ├── __init__.cpython-35.pyc
│   │   ├── models.cpython-35.pyc
│   │   └── views.cpython-35.pyc
│   ├── static                                          //存放静态文件
│   ├── templates                                       //存放模板文件
│   ├── tests.py                                              
│   └── views.py                                        //请求应答相关操作
├── HttpTestProject
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── __pycache__
│   │   ├── __init__.cpython-35.pyc
│   │   ├── settings.cpython-35.pyc
│   │   ├── urls.cpython-35.pyc
│   │   └── wsgi.cpython-35.pyc
│   ├── settings.py                                // 本项目及所属 APP 相关配置
│   ├── settings.py.original
│   ├── urls.py                                    //本项目及所属 APP 相关 URL 配置
│   └── wsgi.py                                    //WSGI相关配置
├── manage.py
└── __pycache__
    └── manage.cpython-35.pyc

• 将 APP 添加到 项目的 settings.py 文件文件中：

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',

    'HttpTest',
]

• 在 settings.py 中配置允许访问的 host，即请求中的 host 部分：

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['172.16.2.16',]

简单的请求与应答

• APP 中的 views.py

# coding: utf-8

from django.shortcuts import render

def index(request):
        return render(request, 'index.html') //上传index.html文件到templates目录下

• Project 下的urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from HttpTest import views                // from my_app import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

    path('', views.index, name='index'),    //path('', views.home, name='home')
]

• 启动 django 监听 8000 端口，访问 http://172.16.2.16:8000，查看 log

root@server_1:/var/HttpTestProject# python3 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
April 16, 2018 - 06:03:46
Django version 2.0.4, using settings 'HttpTestProject.settings'
Starting development server at http://0.0.0.0:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
[16/Apr/2018 06:03:49] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 231    //访问成功

Django 的一些常用命令

命令	含义
django-admin.py -- version	查看版本号
django-admin.py startproject project_name	创建项目
python3 manage.py startapp app_name	创建APP
python3 manage.py makemigrations
python3 manage.py migrate
python3 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000	启用django服务器
python3 manage.py flush	清空数据库
python3 manage.py createsuperuser	创建超级用户
python3 manage.py changepassword username	更改密码
python3 manage.py dumpdata appname > appname.json python3 manage.py loaddata appname.json	导入数据库
python3 manage.py shell	终端
python3 manage.py dbshell	DB终端