AspNetCore3.1_Secutiry源码解析_5_Authentication_OAuth

文章目录

  • AspNetCore3.1_Secutiry源码解析_1_目录
  • AspNetCore3.1_Secutiry源码解析_2_Authentication_核心项目
  • AspNetCore3.1_Secutiry源码解析_3_Authentication_Cookies
  • AspNetCore3.1_Secutiry源码解析_4_Authentication_JwtBear
  • AspNetCore3.1_Secutiry源码解析_5_Authentication_OAuth
  • AspNetCore3.1_Secutiry源码解析_6_Authentication_OpenIdConnect
  • AspNetCore3.1_Secutiry源码解析_7_Authentication_其他
  • AspNetCore3.1_Secutiry源码解析_8_Authorization_授权框架

OAuth简介

现在随便一个网站,不用注册,只用微信扫一扫,然后就可以自动登录,然后第三方网站右上角还出现了你的微信头像和昵称,怎么做到的?

sequenceDiagram 用户->>x站点: 请求微信登录 x站点->>微信: 请求 oauth token 微信->>用户: x站点请求基本资料权限,是否同意? 用户->>微信: 同意 微信->>x站点: token x站点->>微信: 请求user基本资料(token) 微信->微信: 校验token 微信->>x站点: user基本资料

大概就这么个意思,OAuth可以让第三方获取有限的授权去获取资源。

入门的看博客

https://www.cnblogs.com/linianhui/p/oauth2-authorization.html

英文好有基础的直接看协议

https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749

依赖注入

配置类:OAuthOptions
处理器类: OAuthHandler

public static class OAuthExtensions
{
    public static AuthenticationBuilder AddOAuth(this AuthenticationBuilder builder, string authenticationScheme, Action configureOptions)
        => builder.AddOAuth>(authenticationScheme, configureOptions);

    public static AuthenticationBuilder AddOAuth(this AuthenticationBuilder builder, string authenticationScheme, string displayName, Action configureOptions)
        => builder.AddOAuth>(authenticationScheme, displayName, configureOptions);

    public static AuthenticationBuilder AddOAuth(this AuthenticationBuilder builder, string authenticationScheme, Action configureOptions)
        where TOptions : OAuthOptions, new()
        where THandler : OAuthHandler
        => builder.AddOAuth(authenticationScheme, OAuthDefaults.DisplayName, configureOptions);

    public static AuthenticationBuilder AddOAuth(this AuthenticationBuilder builder, string authenticationScheme, string displayName, Action configureOptions)
        where TOptions : OAuthOptions, new()
        where THandler : OAuthHandler
    {
        builder.Services.TryAddEnumerable(ServiceDescriptor.Singleton, OAuthPostConfigureOptions>());
        return builder.AddRemoteScheme(authenticationScheme, displayName, configureOptions);
    }
}

OAuthOptions - 配置类

classDiagram class OAuthOptions{ ClientId ClientSecret AuthorizationEndpoint TokenEndPoint UserInformationEndPoint Scope Events ClaimActions StateDataFormat } class RemoteAuthenticationOptions{ BackchannelTimeout BackchannelHttpHandler Backchannel DataProtectionProvider CallbackPath AccessDeniedPath ReturnUrlParameter SignInScheme RemoteAuthenticationTimeout SaveTokens } class AuthenticationSchemeOptions{ } OAuthOptions-->RemoteAuthenticationOptions RemoteAuthenticationOptions-->AuthenticationSchemeOptions

下面是校验逻辑,这些配置是必需的。

public override void Validate()
{
    base.Validate();

    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(ClientId))
    {
        throw new ArgumentException(string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, Resources.Exception_OptionMustBeProvided, nameof(ClientId)), nameof(ClientId));
    }

    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(ClientSecret))
    {
        throw new ArgumentException(string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, Resources.Exception_OptionMustBeProvided, nameof(ClientSecret)), nameof(ClientSecret));
    }

    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(AuthorizationEndpoint))
    {
        throw new ArgumentException(string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, Resources.Exception_OptionMustBeProvided, nameof(AuthorizationEndpoint)), nameof(AuthorizationEndpoint));
    }

    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(TokenEndpoint))
    {
        throw new ArgumentException(string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, Resources.Exception_OptionMustBeProvided, nameof(TokenEndpoint)), nameof(TokenEndpoint));
    }

    if (!CallbackPath.HasValue)
    {
        throw new ArgumentException(string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, Resources.Exception_OptionMustBeProvided, nameof(CallbackPath)), nameof(CallbackPath));
    }
}

OAuthPostConfigureOptions - 配置处理

  1. DataProtectionProvider没有配置的话则使用默认实现
  2. Backchannel没有配置的话则处理构造默认配置
  3. StateDataFormat没有配置的话则使用PropertiesDataFormat
public void PostConfigure(string name, TOptions options)
{
    options.DataProtectionProvider = options.DataProtectionProvider ?? _dp;
    if (options.Backchannel == null)
    {
        options.Backchannel = new HttpClient(options.BackchannelHttpHandler ?? new HttpClientHandler());
        options.Backchannel.DefaultRequestHeaders.UserAgent.ParseAdd("Microsoft ASP.NET Core OAuth handler");
        options.Backchannel.Timeout = options.BackchannelTimeout;
        options.Backchannel.MaxResponseContentBufferSize = 1024 * 1024 * 10; // 10 MB
    }

    if (options.StateDataFormat == null)
    {
        var dataProtector = options.DataProtectionProvider.CreateProtector(
            typeof(THandler).FullName, name, "v1");
        options.StateDataFormat = new PropertiesDataFormat(dataProtector);
    }
}

这个StateDataFormat就是处理state字段的加密解密的,state在认证过程中用于防止跨站伪造攻击和存放一些状态信息,我们看一下协议的定义

 state
         RECOMMENDED.  An opaque value used by the client to maintain
         state between the request and callback.  The authorization
         server includes this value when redirecting the user-agent back
         to the client.  The parameter SHOULD be used for preventing
         cross-site request forgery as described in Section 10.12.

比如,认证之后的回跳地址就是存放在这里。所以如果希望从state字段中解密得到信息的话,就需要使用到PropertiesDataFormat。PropertiesDataFormat没有任何代码,继承自SecureDataFormat。 为什么这里介绍这么多呢,因为实际项目中用到过这个。

public class SecureDataFormat : ISecureDataFormat
{
    private readonly IDataSerializer _serializer;
    private readonly IDataProtector _protector;

    public SecureDataFormat(IDataSerializer serializer, IDataProtector protector)
    {
        _serializer = serializer;
        _protector = protector;
    }

    public string Protect(TData data)
    {
        return Protect(data, purpose: null);
    }

    public string Protect(TData data, string purpose)
    {
        var userData = _serializer.Serialize(data);

        var protector = _protector;
        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(purpose))
        {
            protector = protector.CreateProtector(purpose);
        }

        var protectedData = protector.Protect(userData);
        return Base64UrlTextEncoder.Encode(protectedData);
    }

    public TData Unprotect(string protectedText)
    {
        return Unprotect(protectedText, purpose: null);
    }

    public TData Unprotect(string protectedText, string purpose)
    {
        try
        {
            if (protectedText == null)
            {
                return default(TData);
            }

            var protectedData = Base64UrlTextEncoder.Decode(protectedText);
            if (protectedData == null)
            {
                return default(TData);
            }

            var protector = _protector;
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(purpose))
            {
                protector = protector.CreateProtector(purpose);
            }

            var userData = protector.Unprotect(protectedData);
            if (userData == null)
            {
                return default(TData);
            }

            return _serializer.Deserialize(userData);
        }
        catch
        {
            // TODO trace exception, but do not leak other information
            return default(TData);
        }
    }
}

AddRemoteSchema和AddShema的差别就是做了下面的处理,确认始终有不是远程schema的SignInSchema

private class EnsureSignInScheme : IPostConfigureOptions where TOptions : RemoteAuthenticationOptions
{
    private readonly AuthenticationOptions _authOptions;

    public EnsureSignInScheme(IOptions authOptions)
    {
        _authOptions = authOptions.Value;
    }

    public void PostConfigure(string name, TOptions options)
    {
        options.SignInScheme = options.SignInScheme ?? _authOptions.DefaultSignInScheme ?? _authOptions.DefaultScheme;
    }
}

OAuthHandler

  • 解密state
  • 校验CorrelationId,防跨站伪造攻击
  • 如果error不为空说明失败返回错误
  • 拿到授权码code,换取token
  • 如果SaveTokens设置为true,将access_token,refresh_token,token_type存放到properties中
  • 创建凭据,返回成功
  protected override async Task HandleRemoteAuthenticateAsync()
        {
            var query = Request.Query;

            var state = query["state"];
            var properties = Options.StateDataFormat.Unprotect(state);

            if (properties == null)
            {
                return HandleRequestResult.Fail("The oauth state was missing or invalid.");
            }

            // OAuth2 10.12 CSRF
            if (!ValidateCorrelationId(properties))
            {
                return HandleRequestResult.Fail("Correlation failed.", properties);
            }

            var error = query["error"];
            if (!StringValues.IsNullOrEmpty(error))
            {
                // Note: access_denied errors are special protocol errors indicating the user didn't
                // approve the authorization demand requested by the remote authorization server.
                // Since it's a frequent scenario (that is not caused by incorrect configuration),
                // denied errors are handled differently using HandleAccessDeniedErrorAsync().
                // Visit https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-4.1.2.1 for more information.
                if (StringValues.Equals(error, "access_denied"))
                {
                    return await HandleAccessDeniedErrorAsync(properties);
                }

                var failureMessage = new StringBuilder();
                failureMessage.Append(error);
                var errorDescription = query["error_description"];
                if (!StringValues.IsNullOrEmpty(errorDescription))
                {
                    failureMessage.Append(";Description=").Append(errorDescription);
                }
                var errorUri = query["error_uri"];
                if (!StringValues.IsNullOrEmpty(errorUri))
                {
                    failureMessage.Append(";Uri=").Append(errorUri);
                }

                return HandleRequestResult.Fail(failureMessage.ToString(), properties);
            }

            var code = query["code"];

            if (StringValues.IsNullOrEmpty(code))
            {
                return HandleRequestResult.Fail("Code was not found.", properties);
            }

            var tokens = await ExchangeCodeAsync(code, BuildRedirectUri(Options.CallbackPath));

            if (tokens.Error != null)
            {
                return HandleRequestResult.Fail(tokens.Error, properties);
            }

            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(tokens.AccessToken))
            {
                return HandleRequestResult.Fail("Failed to retrieve access token.", properties);
            }

            var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(ClaimsIssuer);

            if (Options.SaveTokens)
            {
                var authTokens = new List();

                authTokens.Add(new AuthenticationToken { Name = "access_token", Value = tokens.AccessToken });
                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(tokens.RefreshToken))
                {
                    authTokens.Add(new AuthenticationToken { Name = "refresh_token", Value = tokens.RefreshToken });
                }

                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(tokens.TokenType))
                {
                    authTokens.Add(new AuthenticationToken { Name = "token_type", Value = tokens.TokenType });
                }

                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(tokens.ExpiresIn))
                {
                    int value;
                    if (int.TryParse(tokens.ExpiresIn, NumberStyles.Integer, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out value))
                    {
                        // https://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#dateTime
                        // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/az4se3k1(v=vs.110).aspx
                        var expiresAt = Clock.UtcNow + TimeSpan.FromSeconds(value);
                        authTokens.Add(new AuthenticationToken
                        {
                            Name = "expires_at",
                            Value = expiresAt.ToString("o", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)
                        });
                    }
                }

                properties.StoreTokens(authTokens);
            }

            var ticket = await CreateTicketAsync(identity, properties, tokens);
            if (ticket != null)
            {
                return HandleRequestResult.Success(ticket);
            }
            else
            {
                return HandleRequestResult.Fail("Failed to retrieve user information from remote server.", properties);
            }
        }

实战

最近做一个第三方对接的项目,我们有多个站点、自己的IdentityServer认证中心,这个联合项目要求将我们的系统以iframe的形式嵌套在他们的菜单里面。整个对接流程大致如下。

sequenceDiagram 第三方->>第三方: 登录 第三方->>本公司系统: 点击菜单请求地址 本公司系统->>第三方: 跳转OAuth静默授权地址(1) 第三方->>本公司系统: 带授权码跳转回调地址(2) 本公司系统->>第三方: 使用code换token(3) 本公司系统->>第三方: 使用token读取个人资料(4) 本公司系统->>本公司系统: 用户名密码模式与本公司认证中心静默授权(5) 本公司系统->>本公司系统: 上下文注入需要的Claims,使用CookieSchema登录维持登录态(6) 本公司系统->>本公司系统: 回跳到开始授权时的地址(7)

利用微软框架,可以比较快速实现

  1. 定义XXOptions,继承自OAuthOptions

    • ClientId:必填,客户端id
    • ClientSecret:必填,客户端秘钥
    • AuthorizationEndpoint:必填,授权地址,对应步骤(1)
    • TokenEndpoint:必填,中间件会带着授权码code跳转到此地址换取token,对应步骤(2,3)
    • UserInformationEndpoint:选填,用户信息接口地址,框架没有使用此属性,需要自己实现,对应步骤(4)
    • CallbackPath:必填,授权流程结束之后回跳地址,对应步骤(7)
    • 订阅事件:Events.OnCreatingTicket += async (OAuthCreatingTicketContext context) =>
      {
      //用户凭据签发时触发,将用户信息同步到本公司,使用ClientCredential模式与
      //本公司IdentityServer认证中心通讯实现静默授权
      //然后将本公司相关会话信息填充到凭据中
      };
    • SignInSchema:认证完后登入架构名(建议Cookies)
    • 如果有特有的配置,也在此处定义
  2. 定义XXOAuthHandler,继承自OAuthHandler

    • 重写ExchangeCodeAsync,此方法负责使用code换取token,父类实现使用的是form-post,如果任何地方与实际情况不匹配,可以进行重写
    • 重写HandleChallengeAsync方法,此方法负责构建质询地址,即步骤(1)的静默授权地址+回调地址
    • 重写CreateTicketAsync方法,此方法负责构建用户凭证,包括所有需要未来维持在Cookie中的信息。可以在此处请求UserInformationEndpoint请求用户资料,然后填充到凭证中。
    • 重写HandleRemoteAuthenticateAsync:此方法为主干逻辑方法,如果与实际有差异可以进行重写,否则使用父类实现即可。

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