on Writing Well c3&c4

词汇

1.variety/vəˈraɪɪtɪ/CET4 TEM4

several different sorts of the same thing同一事物的不同种类，在文中指的是作家写出废话的多样性

2.summon/ˈsʌmən/CET6 TEM4 (summoning,summoned,summons)V-TIf you summon someone, you order them to come to you. 召唤——表达需要把某人叫来的时候，可以同意替换call

3.identify/aɪˈdɛntɪˌfaɪ/CET4 TEM4 (identifying,identified,identifies)

V-TIf you canidentifysomeone or something, you are able to recognize them or distinguish them from others. 识别——我对这个意思不熟悉，误以为能用understand替换，查字典之后发现完全不可以，体现出我用此不准确的原因之一

4.blunt/blʌnt/CET6 TEM4 (blunting,blunted,blunter,blunts,bluntest)V-TIf something blunts an emotion, a feeling or a need, it weakens it. 使减弱——有时候，大词，难词的不恰当运用会减弱表达效果，不能有效地击中人心，

5camouflage/ˈkæməˌflɑːʒ/TEM8 (camouflaging,camouflaged,camouflages)

N-UNCOUNTCamouflageconsists of things such as leaves, branches, or brown and green paint, which are used to make it difficult for an enemy to see military forces and equipment. (军事) 伪装——废话也是对真相的伪装，掩饰，阻碍了我们传递和理解真实

句子

1.Examine every word you put on paper. You’ll find a surprising number that don’t serve any purpose.之前确实会检查，但是不是每个单词，没想到动词短语中的介词都可以删减。

2.Physicians are physicians, friends are friends. The rest is clutter.废话就是同样的意思来回说，重复表达。

3.Clutter is the ponderous euphemism that turns a slum into a depressed socioeconomic area, garbage collectors into waste-disposal personnel and the town dump into the volume reduction unit.——废话减弱了表达效果，增加理解困难

4.Clutter is the official language used by corporations to hide their mistakes.——提醒我注意阅读到的问题，把废话转换成真正发生的事情，去理解背后的真相。

感悟：

废话是因为我们懒于深刻思考，然后说出来随意敷衍真实的表达。坚持每一个字是高度要求，学会删除废话，学会看出废话，有助于我们看到生活中各种表达背后的真正意思，我们在平时的说话就要开始删去废话，提高表达效率。