Neuroscience has revealed the process by which good parent–child and poor parent–child relationships are passed on, generation to generation.
神经科学家已经揭示了亲自关系的质量可以代代相传。
It is now quite well established by this body of research, which spans different species of mammals, that early care influences the development of offsprings’ brains in enduring ways—ways that greatly impact the way adults are likely to parent the next generation (National Scientific Council, 2010).
在不同种类的哺乳动物的研究已经公认早期抚养对后代大脑的发育有深远的影响。
This intriguing body of research, called maternal or parental effects, is revealing, down to the level of specific gene activity, how the early environment impinges upon the brain (Francis, Champagne & Meaney, 2000).
这项有趣的研究，称为母性或亲本效应，从特定基因的活性层面揭示早期环境如何影响大脑。
In essence, this research shows that early experiences “tune” and “sculpt” key brain circuits involved in stress responsiveness and in social–emotional processes.
从本质上说，这项研究表明早期的经历“调节”和“塑造”参与压力反应和社会情绪过程的关键大脑回路。
This programming of a child’s developing brain adapts to this first social niche in ways that reflect the specific nature of the care the child encounters.
孩子发育中大脑这一适应了他人生第一个社会小环境，它反映了孩子所遇到的照顾的特殊性质。