【语法】语法俱乐部_1_基本句型和补语

基本语法知识

  1. 主语
  • Subject,句子的主体
  1. 谓语(动词)
  • Verb,表示动作或状态
  • 动词分为,叙述动词和连缀动词
    • 叙述动词,及物/不及物动词,承担叙述主要内容的作用;
    • 连缀动词,没有实际用处,多翻译“是/为”,一般用来连接补语,常见有:
      • Be动词:am is are/was were
      • 起来:look/sound/feel/taste/smell + 形容词
      • 似乎:seem/appear
      • 保持:stay/keep/remain
      • 变成:become/turn/get/grow/go/come
  1. 宾语(授词)
  • Object,动词的接受者
  1. 补语
  • Complement,补充说明的内容,通常是名称或者形容词
  • 在连缀动词后,替代了动词的叙述功能,使橘子意思完整,成为补语(complement)

五个简单句式的区别

  1. S+V,即主语和(不及物)动词构成;
  • He eat too much.
  1. S+V+O,即主语和(及物)动词、宾语构成;
  • John Smith killed three enemy soldiers.
  1. S+V+C,即主语和动词(连缀动词)、(主词补语)补语构成;
  • The soup is hot./The story proved false./He became a teacher./A nurse makes a good wife.
  • 区分动词后面的是补语还是宾语,看能否将verb变为be动词,之后翻译成“是”能否讲得通,一般来说这样可行的话都是S+V+C句式。
  1. S+V+O+O,即主语和动词、宾语、宾语构成;
  • John's father give him a dog.
  1. S+V+O+C,即主语和动词(感官动词/使役动词)、宾语、(授词)补语构成;
  • John's father called him a dog./I find the dress pretty./His college training made him a teacher./The food made me sick.
  • 动词(感官动词/使役动词)
    • 感官动词:看/听/感觉类;
    • 使役动词:
      a. make + O + (主动:+V/ 被动:+Vpp)
      b. let + O + (主动:+V/ 被动:be+Vpp)
      c. have + O +(主动:+V/ 被动:+Vpp)
      d. get + O + (主动:to +V/ 被动:+Vpp)
      e. catch + O + adj.(Ving/Vpp)
      f. leave + O + adj.(Ving/Vpp)
      g. find + O + adj.(Ving/Vpp)
      h. keep + O + adj.(Ving/Vpp)
      i. + O + toRV,去做某事
  • 一般来说,S+V+O+O句式中,后面的两个宾语作为叙述动词的承载者;
  • 在S+V+O+C句式中,后面的宾语和补语并是对等关系,通过补语来告诉读者宾语是什么,通常情况下,可以把宾语和补语拿出来,构成S+V+C句式

知识导图

【语法】语法俱乐部_1_基本句型和补语_第1张图片
基本句型

练习

请判断一下各句属于五种基本句型的那一个钟?
- The President has gone abroad on a visit.
- It never rains in south California.
- I can see better without these reading glasses.
- Monkeys love bananas.
- The box feels heavy.
- You can leave the door open.
- You'll look better with these designer glasses on.
- The people elected Bill Clinton President.

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