转 Linux 上Docker的安装与使用入门

https://blog.csdn.net/powerccna/article/details/77897693

1. 安装Docker
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   yum install docker.x86_64

2. 启动Docker
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   service docker start
   把Docker 加入到开机自启动
   chkconfig docker on

3. 去docker 仓库查找image
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   [root@ ~]# docker search centos
   INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
   docker.io docker.io/centos The official build of CentOS. 3827 [OK]
   docker.io docker.io/ansible/centos7-ansible Ansible on Centos7 103 [OK]
   docker.io docker.io/jdeathe/centos-ssh CentOS-6 6.9 x86_64 / CentOS-7 7.4.1708 x8… 90 [OK]
   docker.io docker.io/tutum/centos Simple CentOS docker image with SSH access 33

4. 下载image 到本地
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   docker pull docker.io/centos

5. 查看刚刚下载下来的image
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   [root@ ~]# docker images
   REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
   docker.io/centos latest d123f4e55e12 2 weeks ago 196.6 MB

6. 启动容器，放到后台，不退出，并查看启动的容器id
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   [root@ ~]# docker run -dt docker.io/centos /bin/bash
   abe3a1f3063de369beb91d3679f11e5f61c0fad91e418022e9b868fb2632cb33
   [root@smsgw1 ~]# docker ps -a
   CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
   abe3a1f3063d docker.io/centos “/bin/bash” 9 seconds ago Up 8 seconds cocky_wozniak

7. 进入容器
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   docker exec -ti abe3a1f3063d /bin/bash

8. 进入容器后安装JDK 8
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   [root@abe3a1f3063d /]# yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64

安装完后保持为新的镜像
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docker commit 5ed1587b3923 centos/java8
9. 安装这个是 为了运行tomcat, 刚才启动docker的时候，没有带上端口映射的参数。我们退出去再启动下
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[root@abe3a1f3063d /]# exit

1. 关闭并删除容器
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   [root@ ~]# docker ps -a
   CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
   abe3a1f3063d docker.io/centos “/bin/bash” 11 minutes ago Up 11 minutes cocky_wozniak
   [root@smsgw1 ~]# docker stop abe3a1f3063d
   abe3a1f3063d
   [root@ ~]# docker ps -a
   CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
   abe3a1f3063d docker.io/centos “/bin/bash” 12 minutes ago Exited (137) 17 seconds ago cocky_wozniak
   [root@smsgw1 ~]# docker rm abe3a1f3063d

2. 重启启动容器
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   docker run -dt -p 8080:8080 -p 8990:8990 centos/java8 /bin/bash
   指定port range:
   docker run -dt -p 7000-8000:7000-8000 centos/java8 /bin/bash

挂接本地磁盘到容器 docker run -dt -p 7000-8000:7000-8000 -v /usr/local/home:/usr/local/container/home centos/java8 /bin/bash

1. 从新进入镜像，就像在 Linux下一样，执行你想做的操作吧。
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   docker exec -ti 5ed1587b3923 /bin/bash

2. copy宿主机器的文件到容器：
   docker cp /host-path/file :/containter-path
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   docker cp /home/msg/name.tar 5ed1587b3923:/home/software