POI操作Excel常用方法
POI一、HSSF是Horrible SpreadSheet Format的缩写
二、HSSF为读取操作提供了两类API：usermode和eventusermodel，即“用户模型”和“事件-用户模型”
三、POI EXCEL文档结构类
| HSSFWorkbook |
文档对象 |
| HSSFSheet |
表格 |
| HSSFRow |
行 |
| HSSFCell |
单元格 |
| HSSFFont |
字体 |
| HSSFName |
名称 |
| HSSFDataFormat |
日期格式 |
| HSSFHeader |
表格头 |
| HSSFFooter |
表格尾 |
| HSSFCellStyle |
单元格样式 |
| HSSFDateUtil |
日期 |
| HSSFPrintSetup |
打印 |
| HSSFErrorConstants |
错误信息表 |
四、EXCEl常用操作方法
1、 得到Excel常用对象
读取文件：
POIFSFileSystem fs=new POIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream("d:/test.xls"));
得到Excel工作簿对象：
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);
得到Excel工作表对象：
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
得到Excel工作表的行：
HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(i);
得到Excel工作表指定行的单元格：
HSSFCell cell = row.getCell((short) j);
得到单元格样式 ：
cellStyle = cell.getCellStyle();
2、 建立Excel常用对象
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();//创建Excel工作簿对象
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");//创建Excel工作表对象
HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short)0); //创建Excel工作表的行
cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();//创建单元格样式
row.createCell((short)0).setCellStyle(cellStyle); //创建Excel工作表指定行的单元格
row.createCell((short)0).setCellValue(1); //设置Excel工作表的值
3、设置sheet名称和单元格内容
wb.setSheetName(1, "第一张工作表",HSSFCell.ENCODING_UTF_16);
cell.setEncoding((short) 1);
cell.setCellValue("单元格内容");
4、取得sheet的数目
wb.getNumberOfSheets()
5、 根据index取得sheet对象
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
6、取得有效的行数
int rowcount = sheet.getLastRowNum();
7、取得一行的有效单元格个数
row.getLastCellNum();
8、单元格值类型读写
cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING); //设置单元格为STRING类型
cell.getNumericCellValue();//读取为数值类型的单元格内容
9、设置列宽、行高
sheet.setColumnWidth((short)column,(short)width);
row.setHeight((short)height);
10、添加区域，合并单元格
Region region = new Region((short)rowFrom,(short)columnFrom,(short)rowTo
,(short)columnTo);//合并从第rowFrom行columnFrom列
sheet.addMergedRegion(region);// 到rowTo行columnTo的区域
//得到所有区域
sheet.getNumMergedRegions()
11、保存Excel文件
FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream(path);
wb.write(fileOut);
12、根据单元格不同属性返回字符串数值
public String getCellStringValue(HSSFCell cell) {
String cellValue = "";
switch (cell.getCellType()) {
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING://字符串类型
cellValue = cell.getStringCellValue();
if(cellValue.trim().equals("")||cellValue.trim().length()<=0)
cellValue=" ";
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC: //数值类型
cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue());
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA: //公式
cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC);
cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue());
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK:
cellValue=" ";
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR:
break;
default:
break;
}
return cellValue;
}
13、常用单元格边框格式
HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_DOTTED);//下边框
style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_DOTTED);//左边框
style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);//右边框
style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);//上边框
14、设置字体和内容位置
HSSFFont f = wb.createFont();
f.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 11);//字号
f.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);//加粗
style.setFont(f);
style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);//左右居中
style.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);//上下居中
style.setRotation(short rotation);//单元格内容的旋转的角度
HSSFDataFormat df = wb.createDataFormat();
style1.setDataFormat(df.getFormat("0.00%"));//设置单元格数据格式
cell.setCellFormula(string);//给单元格设公式
style.setRotation(short rotation);//单元格内容的旋转的角度
15、插入图片
//先把读进来的图片放到一个ByteArrayOutputStream中，以便产生ByteArray
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOut = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
BufferedImage bufferImg = ImageIO.read(new File("ok.jpg"));
ImageIO.write(bufferImg,"jpg",byteArrayOut);
//读进一个excel模版
FileInputStream fos = new FileInputStream(filePathName+"/stencil.xlt");
fs = new POIFSFileSystem(fos);
//创建一个工作薄
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
HSSFPatriarch patriarch = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
HSSFClientAnchor anchor = new HSSFClientAnchor(0,0,1023,255,(short) 0,0,(short)10,10);
patriarch.createPicture(anchor , wb.addPicture(byteArrayOut.toByteArray(),HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG));
16、调整工作表位置
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("format sheet");
HSSFPrintSetup ps = sheet.getPrintSetup();
sheet.setAutobreaks(true);
ps.setFitHeight((short)1);
ps.setFitWidth((short)1);
17、设置打印区域
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("Sheet1");
wb.setPrintArea(0, "$A$1:$C$2");
18、标注脚注
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("format sheet");
HSSFFooter footer = sheet.getFooter()
footer.setRight( "Page " + HSSFFooter.page() + " of " + HSSFFooter.numPages() );
19、在工作单中清空行数据，调整行位置
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("row sheet");
// Create various cells and rows for spreadsheet.
// Shift rows 6 - 11 on the spreadsheet to the top (rows 0 - 5)
sheet.shiftRows(5, 10, -5);
20、选中指定的工作表
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("row sheet");
heet.setSelected(true);
21、工作表的放大缩小
HSSFSheet sheet1 = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
sheet1.setZoom(1,2); // 50 percent magnification
22、头注和脚注
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
HSSFHeader header = sheet.getHeader();
header.setCenter("Center Header");
header.setLeft("Left Header");
header.setRight(HSSFHeader.font("Stencil-Normal", "Italic") +
HSSFHeader.fontSize((short) 16) + "Right w/ Stencil-Normal Italic font and size 16");
23、自定义颜色
HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIME.index);
style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
HSSFFont font = wb.createFont();
font.setColor(HSSFColor.RED.index);
style.setFont(font);
cell.setCellStyle(style);
24、填充和颜色设置
HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
style.setFillBackgroundColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index);
style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.BIG_SPOTS);
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 1);
cell.setCellValue("X");
style = wb.createCellStyle();
style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.ORANGE.index);
style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
cell.setCellStyle(style);
25、强行刷新单元格公式
HSSFFormulaEvaluator eval=new HSSFFormulaEvaluator((HSSFWorkbook) wb);
private static void updateFormula(Workbook wb,Sheet s,int row){
Row r=s.getRow(row);
Cell c=null;
FormulaEcaluator eval=null;
if(wb instanceof HSSFWorkbook)
eval=new HSSFFormulaEvaluator((HSSFWorkbook) wb);
else if(wb instanceof XSSFWorkbook)
eval=new XSSFFormulaEvaluator((XSSFWorkbook) wb);
for(int i=r.getFirstCellNum();i c=r.getCell(i); if(c.getCellType()==Cell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA) eval.evaluateFormulaCell(c); } } 说明：FormulaEvaluator提供了evaluateFormulaCell(Cell cell)方法，计算公式保存结果，但不改变公式。而evaluateInCell(Cell cell) 方法是计算公式，并将原公式替换为计算结果，也就是说该单元格的类型不在是Cell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA而是Cell.CELL_TYPE_NUMBERIC。HSSFFormulaEvaluator提供了静态方法evaluateAllFormu laCells(HSSFWorkbook wb) ，计算一个Excel文件的所有公式，用起来很方便。 poi方法总结 1.设置不显示excel网格线
sheet.setDisplayGridlines(false);其中sheet是Sheet对象
2.设置excel单元格中的内容换行
cellStyle.setWrapText(true);其中cellStyle是WorkBook创建的CellStyle对象,然后将cellStyle设置到要换行的Cell对象,最后在要换行的对象(一般为字符串)加入"/r/n"。如
topTile.append("/r/n" +"cellContent");
3.单元格的合并
sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(0, 4, 0, 2));本示例为合并4行2列
4.设置页眉和页脚的页数
HSSFHeader header = sheet.getHeader();
header.setCenter("Center Header");
header.setLeft("Left Header");
header.setRight(HSSFHeader.font("Stencil-Normal", "Italic") +
HSSFHeader.fontSize((short) 16) + "Right w/ Stencil-Normal Italic font and size 16");
HSSFFooter footer = (HSSFFooter )sheet.getFooter()
footer.setRight( "Page " + HSSFFooter.page() + " of " + HSSFFooter.numPages() );
5.使得一个Sheet适合一页
sheet.setAutobreaks(true);
6.设置放大属性(Zoom被明确为一个分数，例如下面的75%使用3作为分子，4作为分母)
sheet.setZoom(3,4);
7.设置打印
HSSFPrintSetup print = (HSSFPrintSetup) sheet.getPrintSetup();
print.setLandscape(true);//设置横向打印
print.setScale((short) 70);//设置打印缩放70%
print.setPaperSize(HSSFPrintSetup.A4_PAPERSIZE);//设置为A4纸张
print.setLeftToRight(true);//設置打印顺序先行后列,默认为先列行
print.setFitHeight((short) 10);设置缩放调整为10页高
print.setFitWidth((short) 10);设置缩放调整为宽高
sheet.setAutobreaks(false);
if (i != 0 && i % 30 == 0)
sheet.setRowBreak(i);//設置每30行分頁打印
8.反复的行和列（设置打印标题）
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
wb.setRepeatingRowsAndColumns(0, 0, 12, 1, 6);//设置1到12列,行1到6每一页重复打印
9.调整单元格宽度
sheet.setAutobreaks(true);
sheet.setColumnWidth((short)i,colsWidth[i]); //设定单元格长度
sheet.autoSizeColumn((short) i);//自动根据长度调整单元格长度package poi;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
public class POI {
public void testReadExcel() {
try {
// 读取Excel
Workbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(new FileInputStream("C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\1.xls"));
// 获取sheet数目
for (int t = 0; t < wb.getNumberOfSheets(); t++) {
Sheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(t);
Row row = null;
int lastRowNum = sheet.getLastRowNum();
// 循环读取
for (int i = 0; i <= lastRowNum; i++) {
row = sheet.getRow(i);
if (row != null) {
// 获取每一列的值
for (int j = 0; j < row.getLastCellNum(); j++) {
Cell cell = row.getCell(j);
String value = getCellValue(cell);
if (!value.equals("")) {
System.out.print(value + " | ");
}
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void testWriteExcel() {
String excelPath = "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\3.xls";
Workbook workbook = null;
try {
// XSSFWorkbook used for .xslx (>= 2007), HSSWorkbook for 03 .xsl
workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();// XSSFWorkbook();//WorkbookFactory.create(inputStream);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("创建Excel失败: ");
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (workbook != null) {
Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("测试数据");
Row row0 = sheet.createRow(0);
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
Cell cell = row0.createCell(i, Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
cell.setCellValue("列标题" + i);
// sheet.autoSizeColumn(i);//自动调整宽度
}
for (int rowNum = 1; rowNum < 10; rowNum++) {
Row row = sheet.createRow(rowNum);
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
Cell cell = row.createCell(i, Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
cell.setCellValue("单元格" + String.valueOf(rowNum + 1)
+ String.valueOf(i + 1));
}
}
try {
FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(excelPath);
workbook.write(outputStream);
outputStream.flush();
outputStream.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("写入Excel失败: ");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/***
* 读取单元格的值
*
* @Title: getCellValue
* @Date : 2014-9-11 上午10:52:07
* @param cell
* @return
*/
private String getCellValue(Cell cell) {
Object result = "";
if (cell != null) {
switch (cell.getCellType()) {
case Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING:
result = cell.getStringCellValue();
break;
case Cell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC:
result = cell.getNumericCellValue();
break;
case Cell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
result = cell.getBooleanCellValue();
break;
case Cell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA:
result = cell.getCellFormula();
break;
case Cell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR:
result = cell.getErrorCellValue();
break;
case Cell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK:
break;
default:
break;
}
}
return result.toString();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
POI poi = new POI();
//poi.testReadExcel();
poi.testWriteExcel();
}
}