MySQL ONLINE DDL 和PT-ONLINE-SCHEMA-CHANGE对比

mysql5.6之前执行ddl语句会执行表锁,只允许查询不允许更新,执行ddl主要有两种方式copy方式和inplace方式,inplace方式又称为(fast index creation),其中copy方式全称表锁,inplace方式只支持二级索引添加和删除。5.6之后可以利用Online DDL特性完成在线表结构调整,而pt-tools提供的pt-online-schema-change可以在几乎无表锁的情况下完成在线表结构调整,这里就针对mysql做下ddl的过程研究。
mysql原生的ddl方式实现形式有三种,分别是copy table、inplace、online ddl的方式,其中5.1-5.5版本实现是通过copy table的形式,5.6-5.7增加了inplace方式和Online ddl方式。
一、mysql 原生ddl实现方式
copy方式
  (1).新建临时表
  (2).锁原表,禁止DML,允许查询
  (3).将原表数据拷贝到临时表(无排序,一行一行拷贝)
  (4).删除原表,对临时表进行rename,升级字典锁,禁止读写
  (5).完成DDL,释放锁
inplace方式
  (1).新建索引的数据字典
  (2).锁表,禁止DML,允许查询
  (3).读取聚集索引,构造新的索引项,排序并插入新索引
  (4).等待打开当前表的所有只读事务提交
  (5).创建索引结束
online ddl实现
  online方式实质也包含了copy和inplace方式,对于不支持online的ddl操作采用copy方式,比如修改列类型,删除主键等;对于inplace方式,mysql内部以“是否修改记录格式”为基准也分为两类,一类需要重建表(修改记录格式),比如添加、删除列、修改列默认值等;另外一类是只需要修改表的元数据,比如添加、删除索引、修改列名等。Mysql将这两类方式分别称为rebuild方式和no-rebuild方式。online ddl主要包括3个阶段,prepare阶段,ddl执行阶段,commit阶段,rebuild方式比no-rebuild方式实质多了一个ddl执行阶段,prepare阶段和commit阶段类似。下面将主要介绍ddl执行过程中三个阶段的流程。
  Prepare 阶段
  创建新的临时frm文件
  持有EXCLUSIVE-MDL锁,禁止读写
  根据alter类型,确定执行方式(copy,online-rebuild,online-norebuild)
  更新数据字典的内存对象
  分配row_log对象记录增量
  生成新的临时ibd文件
  ddl 执行 阶段
  降级EXCLUSIVE-MDL锁,允许读写
  扫描old_table的聚集索引每一条记录rec
  遍历新表的聚集索引和二级索引,逐一处理
  根据rec构造对应的索引项
  将构造索引项插入sort_buffer块
  将sort_buffer块插入新的索引
  处理ddl执行过程中产生的增量(仅rebuild类型需要)
  commit 阶段
  升级到EXCLUSIVE-MDL锁,禁止读写
  重做最后row_log中最后一部分增量
  更新innodb的数据字典表
  提交事务(刷事务的redo日志)
  修改统计信息
  rename临时idb文件,frm文件
  变更完成
Operation In-Place? Copies Table? Allows Concurrent DML? Allows Concurrent Query? Notes
添加索引 Yes* No* Yes Yes 对全文索引的一些限制
删除索引 Yes No Yes Yes 仅修改表的元数据
OPTIMIZE TABLE Yes Yes Yes Yes 从 5.6.17开始使用ALGORITHM=INPLACE,当然如果指定了old_alter_table=1或mysqld启动带--skip-new则将还是COPY模式。如果表上有全文索引只支持COPY
对一列设置默认值 Yes No Yes Yes 仅修改表的元数据
对一列修改auto-increment 的值 Yes No Yes Yes 仅修改表的元数据
添加 foreign key constraint Yes* No* Yes Yes 为了避免拷贝表,在约束创建时会禁用foreign_key_checks
删除 foreign key constraint Yes No Yes Yes foreign_key_checks 不影响
改变列名 Yes* No* Yes* Yes 为了允许DML并发, 如果保持相同数据类型,仅改变列名
添加列 Yes* Yes* Yes* Yes 尽管允许 ALGORITHM=INPLACE ,但数据大幅重组,所以它仍然是一项昂贵的操作。当添加列是auto-increment,不允许DML并发
删除列 Yes Yes* Yes Yes 尽管允许 ALGORITHM=INPLACE ,但数据大幅重组,所以它仍然是一项昂贵的操作
修改列数据类型 No Yes* No Yes 修改类型或添加长度,都会拷贝表,而且不允许更新操作
更改列顺序 Yes Yes Yes Yes 尽管允许 ALGORITHM=INPLACE ,但数据大幅重组,所以它仍然是一项昂贵的操作
修改ROW_FORMAT
和KEY_BLOCK_SIZE
Yes Yes Yes Yes 尽管允许 ALGORITHM=INPLACE ,但数据大幅重组,所以它仍然是一项昂贵的操作
设置列属性NULL
或NOT NULL
Yes Yes Yes Yes 尽管允许 ALGORITHM=INPLACE ,但数据大幅重组,所以它仍然是一项昂贵的操作
添加主键 Yes* Yes Yes Yes 尽管允许 ALGORITHM=INPLACE ,但数据大幅重组,所以它仍然是一项昂贵的操作。
如果列定义必须转化NOT NULL,则不允许INPLACE
删除并添加主键 Yes Yes Yes Yes 在同一个 ALTER TABLE 语句删除就主键、添加新主键时,才允许inplace;数据大幅重组,所以它仍然是一项昂贵的操作。
删除主键 No Yes No Yes 不允许并发DML,要拷贝表,而且如果没有在同一 ATLER TABLE 语句里同时添加主键则会收到限制
变更表字符集 No Yes No Yes 如果新的字符集编码不同,重建表

mysql 5.7在线修改表结构案例:
语法
alter table
| ALGORITHM [=] {DEFAULT|INPLACE|COPY}
  | ALTER [COLUMN] col_name {SET DEFAULT literal | DROP DEFAULT}
  | CHANGE [COLUMN] old_col_name new_col_name column_definition
        [FIRST|AFTER col_name]
  | LOCK [=] {DEFAULT|NONE|SHARED|EXCLUSIVE}
  | MODIFY [COLUMN] col_name column_definition
        [FIRST | AFTER col_name]
online ddl的原理是,mysql把在ddl时间内的所有的 插入,更新和删除操作记录到一个日志文件, 然后再把这些增量数据应用到相应的表上(等表上的事务完全释放后),这个临时日志文件的上限值由innodb_online_alter_log_max_size指定,每次扩展innodb_sort_buffer_size的大小 该参数如果太小有可能导致DDL失败

二、pt-online-schema-change
注意事项:
    (1)表存在主键或唯一建
    (2)磁盘容量估计
    (3)原表不存在触发器
    (4)原表进行批量DML操作时,会有一定影响,需特别注意锁等待等参数设置
    (5)如果更新的表是被子表外键引用的父表,那么需要相应的更新子表的外键指向

1、online d dl 原理
(1)设置mysql会话参数
    SET SESSION innodb_lock_wait_timeout =1
    SET SESSION lock_wait_timeout =60
    SET SESSION wait_timeout =10000
    SET @@SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE = 1,@@SQL_MODE = 'NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'  
(2)检查表结构,是否存在主键、其他外键参考、触发器
    SHOW TRIGGERS FROM `dbtest` LIKE 't1'
     SELECT table_schema , table_name FROM information_schema .key_column_usage WHERE referenced_table_schema = 'dbtest' AND referenced_table_name = 't1'
(3)创建新表
     Creating new table...
    CREATE TABLE `dbtest`.`_t1_new` (
      `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `name` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1809061 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
    Created new table dbtest._t1_new OK.
(4)对新表进行DDL操作
    Altering new table...
    ALTER TABLE `dbtest`.`_t1_new` ADD COLUMN phone varchar(15)
    Altered `dbtest`.`_t1_new` OK.
(5)对旧表创建触发器(insert/update/delete)
    2017-11-19T18:05:26 Creating triggers...
    CREATE TRIGGER `pt_osc_dbtest_t1_del` AFTER DELETE ON `dbtest`.`t1` FOR EACH ROW DELETE IGNORE FROM `dbtest`.`_t1_new` WHERE `dbtest`.`_t1_new`.`id` <=> OLD.`id`
    CREATE TRIGGER `pt_osc_dbtest_t1_upd` AFTER UPDATE ON `dbtest`.`t1` FOR EACH ROW REPLACE INTO `dbtest`.`_t1_new` (`id`, `name`) VALUES (NEW.`id`, NEW.`name`)
    CREATE TRIGGER `pt_osc_dbtest_t1_ins` AFTER INSERT ON `dbtest`.`t1` FOR EACH ROW REPLACE INTO `dbtest`.`_t1_new` (`id`, `name`) VALUES (NEW.`id`, NEW.`name`)
    2017-11-19T18:05:26 Created triggers OK.
(6)copy数据
    copy数据一个chunk后会检查thread_running负载、warning、从库信息决定是否继续copy,默认--chunk-time=0.5,根据这个时间copy的记录动态调整chunk-size,在Copy相关的chunk时,会对原表相关记录加S锁。
    2017-11-19T18:05:26 Copying approximately 1593410 rows...
    INSERT LOW_PRIORITY IGNORE INTO `dbtest`.`_t1_new` (`id`, `name`) SELECT `id`, `name` FROM `dbtest`.`t1` FORCE INDEX(`PRIMARY`) WHERE ((`id` >= ?)) AND ((`id` <= ?)) LOCK IN SHARE MODE /*pt-online-schema-change 9157 copy nibble*/
    SELECT /*!40001 SQL_NO_CACHE */ `id` FROM `dbtest`.`t1` FORCE INDEX(`PRIMARY`) WHERE ((`id` >= ?)) ORDER BY `id` LIMIT ?, 2 /*next chunk boundary*/
    2017-11-19T18:05:45 Copied rows OK.
(7)分析新表、统计信息
    2017-11-19T18:05:45 Analyzing new table..
(8)新、旧表交换,将旧表t1重命名为_t1_old,将新表_t1_new重命名为t1,并删除旧表_t1_old
    2017-11-19T18:05:45 Swapping tables...
    RENAME TABLE `dbtest`.`t1` TO `dbtest`.`_t1_old`, `dbtest`.`_t1_new` TO `dbtest`.`t1`
    2017-11-19T18:05:45 Swapped original and new tables OK.
    2017-11-19T18:05:45 Dropping old table...
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `dbtest`.`_t1_old`
    2017-11-19T18:05:45 Dropped old table `dbtest`.`_t1_old` OK.
(9)删除触发器
    2017-11-19T18:05:45 Dropping triggers...
    DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `dbtest`.`pt_osc_dbtest_t1_del`;
    DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `dbtest`.`pt_osc_dbtest_t1_upd`;
    DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `dbtest`.`pt_osc_dbtest_t1_ins`;
    2017-11-19T18:05:45 Dropped triggers OK.
(10)完成表结构在线修改
Successfully altered `dbtest`.`t1`.

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  1. 171119 17:53:00 66 Connect dbuser@BX-128-28 on dbtest
  2.                    66 Query SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'innodb\_lock_wait_timeout'
  3.                    66 Query SET SESSION innodb_lock_wait_timeout=1
  4.                    66 Query SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'lock\_wait_timeout'
  5.                    66 Query SET SESSION lock_wait_timeout=60
  6.                    66 Query SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'wait\_timeout'
  7.                    66 Query SET SESSION wait_timeout=10000
  8.                    66 Query SELECT @@SQL_MODE
  9.                    66 Query SET @@SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE = 1/*!40101, @@SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'*/
  10.                    66 Query SELECT @@server_id /*!50038 , @@hostname*/
  11.                    67 Connect dbuser@BX-128-28 on dbtest
  12.                    67 Query SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'innodb\_lock_wait_timeout'
  13.                    67 Query SET SESSION innodb_lock_wait_timeout=1
  14.                    67 Query SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'lock\_wait_timeout'
  15.                    67 Query SET SESSION lock_wait_timeout=60
  16.                    67 Query SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'wait\_timeout'
  17.                    67 Query SET SESSION wait_timeout=10000
  18.                    67 Query SELECT @@SQL_MODE
  19.                    67 Query SET @@SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE = 1/*!40101, @@SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'*/
  20.                    67 Query SELECT @@server_id /*!50038 , @@hostname*/
  21.                    66 Query SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'wsrep_on'
  22.                    66 Query SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'version%'
  23.                    66 Query SHOW ENGINES
  24.                    66 Query SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'innodb_version'
  25.                    66 Query SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'innodb_stats_persistent'
  26.                    66 Query SELECT CONCAT(@@hostname, @@port)
  27.                    66 Query SHOW TABLES FROM `dbtest` LIKE 't1'
  28.                    66 Query SHOW TRIGGERS FROM `dbtest` LIKE 't1'
  29.                    66 Query /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE := @@SQL_MODE, @@SQL_MODE := '', @OLD_QUOTE := @@SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE, @@SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE := 1 */
  30.                    66 Query USE `dbtest`
  31.                    66 Query SHOW CREATE TABLE `dbtest`.`t1`
  32.                    66 Query /*!40101 SET @@SQL_MODE := @OLD_SQL_MODE, @@SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE := @OLD_QUOTE */
  33.                    66 Query EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM `dbtest`.`t1` WHERE 1=1
  34.                    66 Query SELECT table_schema, table_name FROM information_schema.key_column_usage WHERE referenced_table_schema='dbtest' AND referenced_table_name='t1'
  35.                    66 Query SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'wsrep_on'
  36.                    66 Query /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE := @@SQL_MODE, @@SQL_MODE := '', @OLD_QUOTE := @@SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE, @@SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE := 1 */
  37.                    66 Query USE `dbtest`
  38.                    66 Query SHOW CREATE TABLE `dbtest`.`t1`
  39.                    66 Query /*!40101 SET @@SQL_MODE := @OLD_SQL_MODE, @@SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE := @OLD_QUOTE */
  40.                    66 Query CREATE TABLE `dbtest`.`_t1_new` (
  41.   `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  42.   `name` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
  43.   PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
  44. ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1809061 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
  45.                    66 Query ALTER TABLE `dbtest`.`_t1_new` ADD COLUMN phone varchar(15)
  46.                    66 Query /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE := @@SQL_MODE, @@SQL_MODE := '', @OLD_QUOTE := @@SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE, @@SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE := 1 */
  47.                    66 Query USE `dbtest`
  48.                    66 Query SHOW CREATE TABLE `dbtest`.`_t1_new`
  49.                    66 Query /*!40101 SET @@SQL_MODE := @OLD_SQL_MODE, @@SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE := @OLD_QUOTE */
  50.                    66 Query EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM `dbtest`.`t1` WHERE 1=1
  51.                    66 Query SELECT /*!40001 SQL_NO_CACHE */ `id` FROM `dbtest`.`t1` FORCE INDEX(`PRIMARY`) ORDER BY `id` LIMIT 1 /*first lower boundary*/
  52.                    66 Query SHOW TABLES FROM `dbtest` LIKE '\_t1\_new'
  53.                    66 Query DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `dbtest`.`_t1_new`
  54.                    67 Quit
  55.                    66 Quit
2、 增加字
预执行:pt-online-schema-change --user=dbuser --password=123456 --host=10.xx  --alter "ADD COLUMN phone varchar(15)" D=dbtest,t=t1 --print --dry-run

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  1. Operation, tries, wait:
  2.   analyze_table, 10, 1
  3.   copy_rows, 10, 0.25
  4.   create_triggers, 10, 1
  5.   drop_triggers, 10, 1
  6.   swap_tables, 10, 1
  7.   update_foreign_keys, 10, 1
  8. Starting a dry run. `dbtest`.`t1` will not be altered. Specify --execute instead of --dry-run to alter the table.
  9. Creating new table...
  10. CREATE TABLE `dbtest`.`_t1_new` (
  11.   `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  12.   `name` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
  13.   PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
  14. ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1809061 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
  15. Created new table dbtest._t1_new OK.
  16. Altering new table...
  17. ALTER TABLE `dbtest`.`_t1_new` ADD COLUMN phone varchar(15)
  18. Altered `dbtest`.`_t1_new` OK.
  19. Not creating triggers because this is a dry run.
  20. CREATE TRIGGER `pt_osc_dbtest_t1_del` AFTER DELETE ON `dbtest`.`t1` FOR EACH ROW DELETE IGNORE FROM `dbtest`.`_t1_new` WHERE `dbtest`.`_t1_new`.`id` <=> OLD.`id`
  21. CREATE TRIGGER `pt_osc_dbtest_t1_upd` AFTER UPDATE ON `dbtest`.`t1` FOR EACH ROW REPLACE INTO `dbtest`.`_t1_new` (`id`, `name`) VALUES (NEW.`id`, NEW.`name`)
  22. CREATE TRIGGER `pt_osc_dbtest_t1_ins` AFTER INSERT ON `dbtest`.`t1` FOR EACH ROW REPLACE INTO `dbtest`.`_t1_new` (`id`, `name`) VALUES (NEW.`id`, NEW.`name`)
  23. Not copying rows because this is a dry run.
  24. INSERT LOW_PRIORITY IGNORE INTO `dbtest`.`_t1_new` (`id`, `name`) SELECT `id`, `name` FROM `dbtest`.`t1` FORCE INDEX(`PRIMARY`) WHERE ((`id` >= ?)) AND ((`id` <= ?)) LOCK IN SHARE MODE /*pt-online-schema-change 9137 copy nibble*/
  25. SELECT /*!40001 SQL_NO_CACHE */ `id` FROM `dbtest`.`t1` FORCE INDEX(`PRIMARY`) WHERE ((`id` >= ?)) ORDER BY `id` LIMIT ?, 2 /*next chunk boundary*/
  26. Not swapping tables because this is a dry run.
  27. Not dropping old table because this is a dry run.
  28. Not dropping triggers because this is a dry run.
  29. DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `dbtest`.`pt_osc_dbtest_t1_del`;
  30. DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `dbtest`.`pt_osc_dbtest_t1_upd`;
  31. DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `dbtest`.`pt_osc_dbtest_t1_ins`;
  32. 2017-11-19T17:53:00 Dropping new table...
  33. DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `dbtest`.`_t1_new`;
  34. 2017-11-19T17:53:00 Dropped new table OK.
  35. Dry run complete. `dbtest`.`t1` was not altered.
正式 pt-online-schema-change --user=dbuser --password=123456 --host=10.xx  --alter "ADD COLUMN phone varchar(15)" D=dbtest,t=t1 --print --execute

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  1. No slaves found. See --recursion-method if host BX-128-28 has slaves.
  2. Not checking slave lag because no slaves were found and --check-slave-lag was not specified.
  3. Operation, tries, wait:
  4.   analyze_table, 10, 1
  5.   copy_rows, 10, 0.25
  6.   create_triggers, 10, 1
  7.   drop_triggers, 10, 1
  8.   swap_tables, 10, 1
  9.   update_foreign_keys, 10, 1
  10. Altering `dbtest`.`t1`...
  11. Creating new table...
  12. CREATE TABLE `dbtest`.`_t1_new` (
  13.   `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  14.   `name` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
  15.   PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
  16. ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1809061 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
  17. Created new table dbtest._t1_new OK.
  18. Altering new table...
  19. ALTER TABLE `dbtest`.`_t1_new` ADD COLUMN phone varchar(15)
  20. Altered `dbtest`.`_t1_new` OK.
  21. 2017-11-19T18:05:26 Creating triggers...
  22. CREATE TRIGGER `pt_osc_dbtest_t1_del` AFTER DELETE ON `dbtest`.`t1` FOR EACH ROW DELETE IGNORE FROM `dbtest`.`_t1_new` WHERE `dbtest`.`_t1_new`.`id` <=> OLD.`id`
  23. CREATE TRIGGER `pt_osc_dbtest_t1_upd` AFTER UPDATE ON `dbtest`.`t1` FOR EACH ROW REPLACE INTO `dbtest`.`_t1_new` (`id`, `name`) VALUES (NEW.`id`, NEW.`name`)
  24. CREATE TRIGGER `pt_osc_dbtest_t1_ins` AFTER INSERT ON `dbtest`.`t1` FOR EACH ROW REPLACE INTO `dbtest`.`_t1_new` (`id`, `name`) VALUES (NEW.`id`, NEW.`name`)
  25. 2017-11-19T18:05:26 Created triggers OK.
  26. 2017-11-19T18:05:26 Copying approximately 1593410 rows...
  27. INSERT LOW_PRIORITY IGNORE INTO `dbtest`.`_t1_new` (`id`, `name`) SELECT `id`, `name` FROM `dbtest`.`t1` FORCE INDEX(`PRIMARY`) WHERE ((`id` >= ?)) AND ((`id` <= ?)) LOCK IN SHARE MODE /*pt-online-schema-change 9157 copy nibble*/
  28. SELECT /*!40001 SQL_NO_CACHE */ `id` FROM `dbtest`.`t1` FORCE INDEX(`PRIMARY`) WHERE ((`id` >= ?)) ORDER BY `id` LIMIT ?, 2 /*next chunk boundary*/
  29. 2017-11-19T18:05:45 Copied rows OK.
  30. 2017-11-19T18:05:45 Analyzing new table...
  31. 2017-11-19T18:05:45 Swapping tables...
  32. RENAME TABLE `dbtest`.`t1` TO `dbtest`.`_t1_old`, `dbtest`.`_t1_new` TO `dbtest`.`t1`
  33. 2017-11-19T18:05:45 Swapped original and new tables OK.
  34. 2017-11-19T18:05:45 Dropping old table...
  35. DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `dbtest`.`_t1_old`
  36. 2017-11-19T18:05:45 Dropped old table `dbtest`.`_t1_old` OK.
  37. 2017-11-19T18:05:45 Dropping triggers...
  38. DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `dbtest`.`pt_osc_dbtest_t1_del`;
  39. DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `dbtest`.`pt_osc_dbtest_t1_upd`;
  40. DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `dbtest`.`pt_osc_dbtest_t1_ins`;
  41. 2017-11-19T18:05:45 Dropped triggers OK.
  42. Successfully altered `dbtest`.`t1`.
3、 除字段
pt-online-schema-change --user=dbuser --password=123456 --host=10.xx  --no-check-replication-filters  --recursion-method=none  --alter "DROP COLUMN phone " D=dbtest,t=t1 --print --execute

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  1. No slaves found. See --recursion-method if host BX-128-28 has slaves.
  2. Not checking slave lag because no slaves were found and --check-slave-lag was not specified.
  3. Operation, tries, wait:
  4.   analyze_table, 10, 1
  5.   copy_rows, 10, 0.25
  6.   create_triggers, 10, 1
  7.   drop_triggers, 10, 1
  8.   swap_tables, 10, 1
  9.   update_foreign_keys, 10, 1
  10. Altering `dbtest`.`t1`...
  11. Creating new table...
  12. CREATE TABLE `dbtest`.`_t1_new` (
  13.   `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  14.   `name` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
  15.   `phone` varchar(15) DEFAULT NULL,
  16.   PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
  17. ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1809061 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
  18. Created new table dbtest._t1_new OK.
  19. Altering new table...
  20. ALTER TABLE `dbtest`.`_t1_new` DROP COLUMN phone
  21. Altered `dbtest`.`_t1_new` OK.
  22. 2017-11-19T22:56:33 Creating triggers...
  23. CREATE TRIGGER `pt_osc_dbtest_t1_del` AFTER DELETE ON `dbtest`.`t1` FOR EACH ROW DELETE IGNORE FROM `dbtest`.`_t1_new` WHERE `dbtest`.`_t1_new`.`id` <=> OLD.`id`
  24. CREATE TRIGGER `pt_osc_dbtest_t1_upd` AFTER UPDATE ON `dbtest`.`t1` FOR EACH ROW REPLACE INTO `dbtest`.`_t1_new` (`id`, `name`) VALUES (NEW.`id`, NEW.`name`)
  25. CREATE TRIGGER `pt_osc_dbtest_t1_ins` AFTER INSERT ON `dbtest`.`t1` FOR EACH ROW REPLACE INTO `dbtest`.`_t1_new` (`id`, `name`) VALUES (NEW.`id`, NEW.`name`)
  26. 2017-11-19T22:56:33 Created triggers OK.
  27. 2017-11-19T22:56:33 Copying approximately 1597892 rows...
  28. INSERT LOW_PRIORITY IGNORE INTO `dbtest`.`_t1_new` (`id`, `name`) SELECT `id`, `name` FROM `dbtest`.`t1` FORCE INDEX(`PRIMARY`) WHERE ((`id` >= ?)) AND ((`id` <= ?)) LOCK IN SHARE MODE /*pt-online-schema-change 9444 copy nibble*/
  29. SELECT /*!40001 SQL_NO_CACHE */ `id` FROM `dbtest`.`t1` FORCE INDEX(`PRIMARY`) WHERE ((`id` >= ?)) ORDER BY `id` LIMIT ?, 2 /*next chunk boundary*/
  30. 2017-11-19T22:56:52 Copied rows OK.
  31. 2017-11-19T22:56:52 Analyzing new table...
  32. 2017-11-19T22:56:52 Swapping tables...
  33. RENAME TABLE `dbtest`.`t1` TO `dbtest`.`_t1_old`, `dbtest`.`_t1_new` TO `dbtest`.`t1`
  34. 2017-11-19T22:56:52 Swapped original and new tables OK.
  35. 2017-11-19T22:56:52 Dropping old table...
  36. DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `dbtest`.`_t1_old`
  37. 2017-11-19T22:56:52 Dropped old table `dbtest`.`_t1_old` OK.
  38. 2017-11-19T22:56:52 Dropping triggers...
  39. DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `dbtest`.`pt_osc_dbtest_t1_del`;
  40. DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `dbtest`.`pt_osc_dbtest_t1_upd`;
  41. DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `dbtest`.`pt_osc_dbtest_t1_ins`;
  42. 2017-11-19T22:56:52 Dropped triggers OK.
  43. Successfully altered `dbtest`.`t1`.
4、添 加索引
pt-online-schema-change --user=dbuser --password=123456 --host=10.xx  --no-check-replication-filters  --recursion-method=none  --alter "add   key idx_name(name)" D=dbtest,t=t1 --print --execute

点击(此处)折叠或打开

  1. No slaves found. See --recursion-method if host BX-128-28 has slaves.
  2. Not checking slave lag because no slaves were found and --check-slave-lag was not specified.
  3. Operation, tries, wait:
  4.   analyze_table, 10, 1
  5.   copy_rows, 10, 0.25
  6.   create_triggers, 10, 1
  7.   drop_triggers, 10, 1
  8.   swap_tables, 10, 1
  9.   update_foreign_keys, 10, 1
  10. Altering `dbtest`.`t1`...
  11. Creating new table...
  12. CREATE TABLE `dbtest`.`_t1_new` (
  13.   `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  14.   `name` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
  15.   PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
  16. ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1809061 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
  17. Created new table dbtest._t1_new OK.
  18. Altering new table...
  19. ALTER TABLE `dbtest`.`_t1_new` add key(name)
  20. Altered `dbtest`.`_t1_new` OK.
  21. 2017-11-19T23:00:40 Creating triggers...
  22. CREATE TRIGGER `pt_osc_dbtest_t1_del` AFTER DELETE ON `dbtest`.`t1` FOR EACH ROW DELETE IGNORE FROM `dbtest`.`_t1_new` WHERE `dbtest`.`_t1_new`.`id` <=> OLD.`id`
  23. CREATE TRIGGER `pt_osc_dbtest_t1_upd` AFTER UPDATE ON `dbtest`.`t1` FOR EACH ROW REPLACE INTO `dbtest`.`_t1_new` (`id`, `name`) VALUES (NEW.`id`, NEW.`name`)
  24. CREATE TRIGGER `pt_osc_dbtest_t1_ins` AFTER INSERT ON `dbtest`.`t1` FOR EACH ROW REPLACE INTO `dbtest`.`_t1_new` (`id`, `name`) VALUES (NEW.`id`, NEW.`name`)
  25. 2017-11-19T23:00:40 Created triggers OK.
  26. 2017-11-19T23:00:40 Copying approximately 1559718 rows...
  27. INSERT LOW_PRIORITY IGNORE INTO `dbtest`.`_t1_new` (`id`, `name`) SELECT `id`, `name` FROM `dbtest`.`t1` FORCE INDEX(`PRIMARY`) WHERE ((`id` >= ?)) AND ((`id` <= ?)) LOCK IN SHARE MODE /*pt-online-schema-change 9453 copy nibble*/
  28. SELECT /*!40001 SQL_NO_CACHE */ `id` FROM `dbtest`.`t1` FORCE INDEX(`PRIMARY`) WHERE ((`id` >= ?)) ORDER BY `id` LIMIT ?, 2 /*next chunk boundary*/
  29. 2017-11-19T23:01:09 Copied rows OK.
  30. 2017-11-19T23:01:09 Analyzing new table...
  31. 2017-11-19T23:01:09 Swapping tables...
  32. RENAME TABLE `dbtest`.`t1` TO `dbtest`.`_t1_old`, `dbtest`.`_t1_new` TO `dbtest`.`t1`
  33. 2017-11-19T23:01:09 Swapped original and new tables OK.
  34. 2017-11-19T23:01:09 Dropping old table...
  35. DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `dbtest`.`_t1_old`
  36. 2017-11-19T23:01:09 Dropped old table `dbtest`.`_t1_old` OK.
  37. 2017-11-19T23:01:09 Dropping triggers...
  38. DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `dbtest`.`pt_osc_dbtest_t1_del`;
  39. DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `dbtest`.`pt_osc_dbtest_t1_upd`;
  40. DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `dbtest`.`pt_osc_dbtest_t1_ins`;
  41. 2017-11-19T23:01:09 Dropped triggers OK.
  42. Successfully altered `dbtest`.`t1`.
5、 删除索
pt-online-schema-change --user=dbuser --password=123456 --host=10.xx  --no-check-replication-filters  --recursion-method=none  --alter "DROP   key idx_name" D=dbtest,t=t1 --print --execute
6、 改变字段类型、长度
pt-online-schema-change --user=dbuser --password=123456 --host=10.xx  --no-check-replication-filters  --recursion-method=none  --alter "modify name varchar(10)" D=dbtest,t=t1 --print --execute

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转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/27067062/viewspace-2147452/

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