Windows10下Opencv4+CMake+MinGW64+VSC安装教程

     本文章主要介绍基于Windows10下如何编译安装Opencv的过程,其中遇到过各种各样奇葩的Bugs,但最终在不断的尝试和分析搜索中完成了Opencv-MinGW开发环境的搭建,其主要目的是在没有安装搭建Visual Studio的情况下,基于VS Code对Opencv库的使用需求而做的开发环境,当然在这个过程中也对CMake相关编译调试过程有了进一步的深入了解,接下来我们开始正式进入主题:

一、基本材料准备

1. 预装Windows10系统PC一台

2. 下载最新版本Opencv4软件压缩包(opencv-4.2.0-vc14_vc15.exe)

3. 下载mingw64编译软件(tdm64-gcc-9.2.0)

4. 下载最新版本CMake软件(cmake-3.17.2-win64-x64.msi)

Windows10下Opencv4+CMake+MinGW64+VSC安装教程_第1张图片

 上述资源如果下载非常慢,请移步我的下载地址:

Opencv4_2+Mingw64+CMake.7z

下载完成之后,分别解压并安装各软件,我习惯将软件一般安装在D盘当中,注意在安装过程中勾选mingw64的环境变量,并在安装完成之后手动添加环境变量:

Notice1:注意在安装mingw64的过程当中一定要选择安装mingw-64,如果不知道安装那些包,请直接选择Full Installation即可。

Notice2:如果在mingw安装过程中未选择添加环境变量请手动添加mingw相关环境变量至Path中,如下所示:

Windows10下Opencv4+CMake+MinGW64+VSC安装教程_第2张图片注意将mingw的其他文件夹也配置上去

Notice3:请注意,MinGW一定要是用的是MinGW64而不是MinGW,MinGW与MinGW64有着很大的区别,MinGW64是Cygwin的分支,其支持pthread的Linux多线程库,而对于MinGW则不支持,因此使用MinGW是无法编译通过的,出现mutex等结构体未定义等错误

二、开始编译安装Opencv程序

1. 首先以管理员模式打开CMD命令行,切换到Opencv目录下(Source旁边),并新建编译文件夹:

cd /d D:\opencv\
mkdir mingw_build

Windows10下Opencv4+CMake+MinGW64+VSC安装教程_第3张图片 

 2. 以管理员权限打开CMake软件,设置相关编译参数

 Windows10下Opencv4+CMake+MinGW64+VSC安装教程_第4张图片

 A. 在这里需要配置好opencv的源代码路径以及编译文件夹,点击Configure即可触发配置,第一次配置需要输入编译器类型以及Makefile类型:

 B. 由于我们使用的是MinGW的编译方式,需要生成的是MinGW Makefile,编译器由我们自己来指定-->Next:

Windows10下Opencv4+CMake+MinGW64+VSC安装教程_第5张图片

 C. 点击Next之后,就需要我们选择C编译器以及C++编译器的绝对路径了(注意在安装mingw64的时的位置):

 D. 点击Finished,开始根据选项配置相关文件:

 注:在这里如果没有配置Opencv源文件中的ffmpeg文件,则会出现报错信息:opencv_ffmpeg.dll等下载失败

 解决办法如下:根据报错信息提供的相关文件的下载地址,手动下载相关文件到Opencv源代码的ffmpeg文件夹中,如下所示:

Windows10下Opencv4+CMake+MinGW64+VSC安装教程_第6张图片

 Opencv4.2-ffmpeg点击下载

Windows10下Opencv4+CMake+MinGW64+VSC安装教程_第7张图片

在这里开始配置编译选项,如下:

  •  ENABLE_PRECONPILED_HEADERS        取消勾选
  •  BUILD_opencv_ts                                        取消勾选
  •  WITH_CUDA                                                取消勾选

 配置完基本选项之后即可点击Generate开始生成MinGW Makefile

 E. 生成好Makefile之后,我们开始编译Opencv源代码

 注:在编译之前,需要在MinGW64-bin文件夹中添加libmingwex-0.dll文件(点击下载),在编译的过程中需要用到,否则编译失败,将文件放置在如下位置:

 Windows10下Opencv4+CMake+MinGW64+VSC安装教程_第8张图片

  接下来正式开始编译:

 Windows10下Opencv4+CMake+MinGW64+VSC安装教程_第9张图片

 F. 开始安装测试Opencv4.2

 1) 编译结果:

Windows10下Opencv4+CMake+MinGW64+VSC安装教程_第10张图片

 2) 安装结果:

建立目标,准备安装

Windows10下Opencv4+CMake+MinGW64+VSC安装教程_第11张图片

开始安装

 

 3) 测试Opencv-MinGW64编译结果

首先配置好VSC的基本编译运行环境:

 c_cpp_properties.json

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Win32",
            "includePath": [
                "${workspaceFolder}/**",
                "D:/TDM-GCC-64/include/*",
                "D:/TDM-GCC-64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/9.2.0/include/c++/*",
                "D:/TDM-GCC-64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/9.2.0/include/c++/x86_64-w64-mingw32/*",
                "D:/TDM-GCC-64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/9.2.0/include/c++/backward/*",
                "D:/TDM-GCC-64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/9.2.0/include/*",
                "D:/TDM-GCC-64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/9.2.0/include-fixed",
                "D:/TDM-GCC-64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/include",
                "D:/opencv/mingw_build/install/include",
                "D:/opencv/mingw_build/install/include/opencv2"
            ],
            "defines": [],
            "compilerPath":"D:/TDM-GCC-64/bin/gcc.exe",
            "cStandard": "c11",
            "cppStandard": "c++17",
            "intelliSenseMode": "clang-x64",
            "browse": {
                "path": [
                    "${workspaceFolder}",
                    "D:/TDM-GCC-64/include/**",
                    "D:/TDM-GCC-64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/9.2.0/include",
                    "D:/TDM-GCC-64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/9.2.0/include/c++",                  
                    "D:/opencv/mingw_build/install/include"
                ],
                "limitSymbolsToIncludedHeaders": true,
                "databaseFilename": ""
            }
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}
View Code

launch.json

{
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "(gdb) Launch", // 配置名称,将会在启动配置的下拉菜单中显示
            "type": "cppdbg", // 配置类型,这里只能为cppdbg
            "request": "launch", // 请求配置类型,可以为launch(启动)或attach(附加)
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe", // 将要进行调试的程序的路径
            "args": [], // 程序调试时传递给程序的命令行参数,一般设为空即可
            "stopAtEntry": false, // 设为true时程序将暂停在程序入口处,一般设置为false
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}", // 调试程序时的工作目录,一般为${workspaceRoot}即代码所在目录 workspaceRoot已被弃用,现改为workspaceFolder
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": true, // 调试时是否显示控制台窗口,一般设置为true显示控制台
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "miDebuggerPath": "D:/TDM-GCC-64/bin/gdb.exe", // miDebugger的路径,注意这里要与MinGw的路径对应
            "preLaunchTask": "g++", // 调试会话开始前执行的任务,一般为编译程序,c++为g++, c为gcc
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}
View Code

tasks.json

{
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "command": "g++",
    "args": [
        "-g",
        "${file}",
        "-o",
        "${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
        "-ID:/opencv/mingw_build/install/include",
        "-ID:/opencv/mingw_build/install/include/opencv2",
        "-LD:/opencv/mingw_build/install/x64/mingw/bin",
        "-LD:/opencv/mingw_build/install/x64/mingw/lib",
        "-llibopencv_calib3d420",
        "-llibopencv_core420",
        "-llibopencv_dnn420",
        "-llibopencv_features2d420",
        "-llibopencv_flann420",
        "-llibopencv_highgui420",
        "-llibopencv_imgcodecs420",
        "-llibopencv_imgproc420",
        "-llibopencv_ml420",
        "-llibopencv_objdetect420",
        "-llibopencv_photo420",
        "-llibopencv_stitching420",
        "-llibopencv_video420",
        "-llibopencv_videoio420",
    ],
    "problemMatcher": {
        "owner": "cpp",
        "fileLocation": [
            "relative",
            "${workspaceFolder}"
        ],
        "pattern": {
            "regexp": "^(.*):(\\d+):(\\d+):\\s+(warning|error):\\s+(.*)$",
            "file": 1,
            "line": 2,
            "column": 3,
            "severity": 4,
            "message": 5
        }
    },
    "group": {
        "kind": "build",
        "isDefault": true
    }
}
View Code

添加Opencv相关动态库dll文件的环境变量:

 主要是添加bin文件夹下面的dll文件

编写基本的测试程序:

 1 #include 
 2 #include 
 3 #include 
 4 #include 
 5 
 6 using namespace std;
 7 
 8 int main(void)
 9 {
10     char s[] = "Hi,Cpp.";
11     int n = strlen(s);
12     printf("%s:%d\n",s,n);
13 
14     cout << "Hello Opencv4.2" << endl;
15     cout << cv::COLOR_RGB2BGRA << cv::COLOR_RGB2GRAY << endl;
16     cv::Mat a = cv::imread("C:/Users/pc/Desktop/C_VSC/iron_man.jpg");
17     cv::imshow("hello",a);
18     cv::waitKey(0);
19     return 0;
20 }

运行结果:

 Cheers!终于大功告成啦,在使用mingw编译安装opencv的过程中碰到了各种各样的坑,零零散散也花费了将近一周的时间才编译安装完成,然后就是opencv的测试验证,也整理测试了可用的.vscode中的json文件,这里总结一下,在安装编译的过程中选择合适合理的版本是非常重要的,例如MinGW64的版本以及Opencv,CMake的版本,需要对Opencv的源代码有一个大致的了解,需要使用那些库等等(例如:pthread库,在MinGW中就没有,必须下载MinGW64)。

 Reference:

1. mingw-w64相关问题:https://www.cnblogs.com/goushibao/p/6673450.html#4581646

2. 编译OpenCV4.0时opencv_ffmpeg.dll下载失败解决思路:https://www.cnblogs.com/huluwa508/p/10142718.html

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