AAC & AC3 & E-AC-3

AAC & AC3 & E-AC-3都是音频的编码方式

AAC

AAC(Advanced Audio Coding),中文名:高级音频编码,出现于1997年,基于MPEG-2的音频编码技术。由Fraunhofer IIS、杜比实验室、AT&T、Sony等公司共同开发,目的是取代MP3格式
随着时间的推移,MP3越来越不能满足需要了,比如压缩率落后于Ogg、WMA、VQF等格式,音质也不够理想(尤其是低码率下),仅有两个声道……于是诺基亚苹果等公司展开合作,共同开发出了被誉为“21世纪的数据压缩方式”的Advanced Audio Coding(简称AAC)音频格式,以取代MP3的位置。其实AAC的算法在1997年就完成了,当时被称为MPEG-2 AAC,因为还是把它作为MPEG-2(MP2)标准的延伸。但是随着MPEG-4(MP4)音频标准在2000年成型,AAC(M4A)。

AC3

AC3(全称Audio Coding3音频编码3)是杜比数码的同义词,杜比数码是一种高级音频压缩技术,它最多可以对6个比特率最高为448kbps的单独声道进行编码。

1994年,日本先锋公司宣布与美国杜比实验室合作研制成功一种崭新的环绕声制式,并命名为“杜比AC-3”(Dolby Surround Audio Coding-3)。
1997年初,杜比实验室正式将“杜比AC-3环绕声”改为“杜比数码环绕声”(Dolby Surround Digital),我们常称为Dolby Digital

AC3比特流由一系列的synchronization frame组成,每个synchronization frame包含6个audio block。每个frame的基本结构如图1:


AC3比特流
syncframe()

{
       sync_info();//同步信息头为0x0B77   
       bsi();

       for(blk=0;blk<6;blk++)
       {
              audblk();

       }

       auxdata();//可选
       errorcheck();//可选
}/*end of syncframe*/

可见其同步头为0x0B77

E-AC-3

针对高清电视HD DVDRip的一种音轨 .
就是Dolby Digital 2.0(杜比2.0)也是5声道.
DD+、E-AC-3 、EC3三个说的是同一种格式,由于E-AC-3的音频文件后缀为.ec3,所以也有人成为EC3格式
EAC3,全称Enhanced AC-3 bit streams,与AC3类似,但不能后向兼容。AC3的decoder不能解EAC3的bitstream,EAC3的decoder即能解AC3,也能解EAC3。

E-AC-3 (Dolby Digital Plus) is an enhanced coding system based on the AC-3 codec.
It offers increased bitrates (up to 6.144 Mbit/s), support for more audio channels (up to 13.1), and improved coding techniques (only at low data rates) to reduce compression artifacts, enabling lower data rates than those supported by AC-3
(e.g. 5.1-channel audio at 256 kbit/s).
It is not backward compatible with existing AC-3 hardware, though E-AC-3 codecs generally are capable of transcoding to AC-3 for equipment connected via S/PDIF. E-AC-3 decoders can also decode AC-3 bitstreams.

The fourth generation Apple TV supports E-AC-3.[21] The discontinued HD DVD system directly supported E-AC-3.

Blu-ray Disc offers E-AC-3 as an option to graft added channels onto an otherwise 5.1 AC-3 stream, as well as for delivery of secondary audio content (e.g. director's commentary) that is intended to be mixed with the primary
audio soundtrack in the Blu-ray Disc player.

References:

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5dededd20102xcaw.html
https://blog.csdn.net/charleslei/article/details/53101356
https://blog.csdn.net/charleslei/article/details/53100569

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