第一 选择题
crumble 崩溃，瓦解，消失 discern 看出，觉察出，辨明 Surpass 超过，胜过 shrewd 精明的，机敏的，准确的 conversion 转变，改造，转换 distort 歪曲，曲解 radiant 容光焕发的，喜悦的 ingenious 有独创性的，别出心裁的 stump 使困惑，难倒 proposition 提议，建议，主张 1. As the gender barriers (crumbled), the number of women working as lawyers, doctors, or bankers began to increase significantly from the mid-20th century. 2. With the data collected each year, the owner of the shop can (discern) customer trends and how things like weather and economic indicators affect sales performance. 3. His supervisor pushes and motivates him in such a positive manner that he is not only able to reach but to (surpass) his personal goals. 4. He is a man with a(n) (shrewd) business sense. He has built his initial investment into a substantial and even excessively large fortune. 5. The (conversion) of nuclear radiation directly into electricity was an exciting possibility that was being vigorously explored in many laboratories in the 1950s. 6. I was not only shocked but also disgusted that the report tried to (distort) the scientific facts in such a manner that even some highly-educated people were fooled. 7. Sixty-two and blessed with his mother's skin, the fisherman had withstood a lifetime of exposure to the sun and looked as (radiant) as a man in his forties. 8. French educator Louis Braille invented a simple but (ingenious) code which has had an impact on the lives of generations of people who are blind. 9. The senators didn't expect us to ask such tough questions, and when we finally did, they got (stumped) and didn't know what to say. 10. This newly established university supports the (proposition) that a more diverse higher education system is desirable since it would enhance opportunities for lifelong learning.
1 Have you ever heard people say that they tend to be more of a right-brain 2 or left-brain thinker? From books to television programs, you have probably heard 3 the term mentioned numerous times, or perhaps you have even taken an online test to determine which type best describes you. 4 Do different parts of the brain really control different bodily and mental functions? Over the years, a theory that has gained in popularity is that the right brain and the left brain are responsible for different modes of thought and that the way in which a person thinks will depend on which side of his brain works more actively. 5 People who rely more heavily on the right half of their brain tend to be more imaginative and spontaneous. They are interested in patterns, shapes and sizes, for the right brain is associated with artistic ability like singing, painting, 6 Writing poetry, etc. Left-brain dominated people are quite opposite in the way they think. They tend to be more logical and analytical in their thinking and usually stand out in mathematics and word skills. 7 While the different functions of the two brain parts may have been distorted and exaggerated by popular psychology, understanding you strengths and weaknesses in certain areas can help you develop better ways to learn and study. For example, if you are usually stumped in trying to follow verbal instructions, an activity often cited as a right-brain characteristic, you can benefit from writing down directions and developing better organizational skills.
第二章
deficient 不足的，有缺陷的 prosecution 起诉，指控 outrage 义愤，愤慨，震怒，暴行 appease 平息，安抚，抚慰 conformity n.遵照，遵从，符合 strand 组成部分，方面 complement 与…互补 transient 短暂的，临时的 appliances 家用电器，家用器具 outfit n.全套服装v.为…提供全套服装，装备 1. We need to improve the quality of education so that our children will not leave school (deficient) in literary and reasoning skills. 2. In a society governed by the rule of law, every citizen is subject to possible (prosecution) if he violates the law. 3. The pay gap between average workers and top corporate officers has led to pubic (outrage) as executives receive large packages despite falling share prices. 4. The delicious meal (appeased) our hunger and made us feel warm again after having walked in the snow all day. 5. The military insists on (conformity) in many areas, for example, dress and haircut, with the primary objective of promoting group unity. 6. My daughter used to play with the dog by taking a(n) (strand) of its hair and then spending a long time rubbing, combing and twisting it. 7. When she left for the party, she took great care to make her necklace and shoes (complement) her dress. 8. It was necessary to provide living places for (transient) immigrants passing through the area on their way to more permanent dwellings. 9. They had just moved in, so they needed to buy a number of kitchen (appliances) , including a microwave oven, a toaster, and a coffee maker. 10. She wanted a beautiful and elegant (outfit) to attend the wedding of a friend, but couldn't find anything satisfactory in the nearby shops. 选择填空
I was once in a relationship with a woman who was the most brilliant, creative and driven person I’d ever known. I told her these things often because she didn’t see herself this way, despite achieving great success and acclaim(称赞)in her professional field. She was also gorgeous and sexy, thought she seemed not to realize this either, so I told her these things too. But while I thought it was more important to praise her brilliance, it seemed to mean more to her that she was considered attractive. My experience with this girlfriend exemplifies a common phenomenon in life-when it comes to complimenting a woman, men often walk a very difficult line. Of course, context matters. In a professional setting, talking about appearance is often inappropriate, but at a singles club, it may be important. She will be very pleased if a man thinks her clothes and accessories are pretty, or her hair looks wonderful. However, things in between these two cases are unclear. Women have every right to be recognized and appreciated or their intelligence and creativity. But at the same time, they want to be admired for their looks as well, for example, their perfect skin complexion and elegant outfits. Unfortunately, most guys don’t understand this. If we receive compliments from women, they’re usually about our achievements, not our looks. Most of us don’t expect a woman to tell us how handsome or sexy we are, and some of us would find it hard to regard such a (an) comment as sincere. I’m not saying it’s very hard to be a guy these days. It is important for every man to understand how to treat women with both respect and admiration. But as far as the right balance of these two is concerned, we really have no frame of reference, especially when it comes to looks.
第三章
exquisite 传播，散发，分散，驱散 disperse 精美的，精致的 decentralize （政府、组织等的部门）分散 deduce 推理，推断 fixture 固定物，固定成员 frugality 节约，节俭 administrate 管理，掌管 disjointed 不连贯的，不协调的 revive 复兴，重新流行，复活 elapse过去，流逝 1. The curtains changed the atmosphere of the house completely and made it into a place of (exquisite) beauty. 2. As the sun (dispersed) the clouds, we enjoyed our afternoon of playing cards in the forest under the clear sky and observing the most spectacular view I have ever seen in my life. 3. The big company (decentralized) their operations last year and opened several regional offices in the country to meet the needs of the market. 4. It is not easy to (deduce) a trend of growth from the available facts since they are quite scarce and not that convincing. 5. Formerly found only in large industrial applications, microwave ovens now have become a standard (fixture) of most modern kitchens. 6. He calls on the public to save in everyday life and believes that (frugality) is the key to battling a culture that rewards mindless consumption. 7. He is suitable for the position as he is young enough to understand what the teenagers think but old enough to (administrate) their programs. 8. When asked about her whereabouts at 9 o'clock that night, she gave a rather (disjointed) response, which caught the detective's attention. 9. (Reviving) the stalled economy and sticking to promises to bring the deficit down next year is proving to be the principal test for the new president. 10. A considerable period of time has to (elapse) before the effects of such security measures as closed-circuit television cameras and cell-phone monitoring become evident in reducing crimes.
In some urban centers, workaholism(工作狂)is so common that people du not consider it unusual: They accept the lifestyle as normal. Government workers in Washington D.C., for example, frequently work 60 to 70 hours a week. They don’t do this because they have do; they do it because they want to. Workaholism can be a serious problem. True workaholics, being deeply immersed in their work, allow themselves little or no time to take breaks. They like to work without being disrupted, and they probably don’t know how to relax. But is Workaholism always bad? Perhaps not. There are people who work well under stress. Besides, some studies show that many workaholics have great energy and interest in their own sphere. Their work is so pleasurable that they are actually very happy. For most workaholics, work and entertainment are the same thing. Their work challenges them, keeping them busy and genuinely engaged. Why do workaholics enjoy doing their jobs so much? Of course they get paychecks from it, but it is hard to quantify the pleasure with money. It offers more than financial security. Psychologists claim that work gives people an identity and provides them with self-confidence. People have a feeling of satisfaction when they administrate a business well or complete a challenging piece of work. In addition, most jobs provide a socially acceptable way for people to meet others. So, thought some people are compulsive(强迫性的) about their work, their addiction seems to be a safe or even an advantageous one. They feel empty and incomplete when they are involved in activities not related to work.
第四章
1.I will conduct a top-to-bottom review of the state departments,agencies,and commissions and seek to consolidate or to eliminate them where appropriate. 2.To a 10-year-old girls,you need to offer understanding about her wishes and help her differentiate between fantasy and reality. 3.When we heard about the dreadful suffering of the children and adults,our primary instinct,like millions of others,was to shed tears. 4.It was when we started living together that we found, to our sadness and surprise, that we were__incompatible 5.It was___alleged_ that he had taken a $50,000 bribe before the project was transferred to another company. 6. The budget proposal has been described as “_____bizarre ” and “inappropriate” by people objecting to it. 7.It seems that what people believe and what researchers have found out about the ____correlation_ between wealth and happiness are more different than overlapping. 8.Current expenditure in this museum is negligible in comparison with the huge amount which foreign museums of similar standing spend. 9.The air and rivers in this area are getting cleaner, and attempts to preserve animal species and their___habitats _ have been mainly successful. 10.If you can provide rational and __intelligible_ debates from an unbiased point of view, maybe we will learn something.
1 Farming invariably interferes with the habitats of plants and animals. However, this does not necessarily mean that agriculture and biodiversity are incompatible. In fact, quite the opposite is true. The sustainable cultivation of plants for food and feed actually enables us to preserve biodiversity. 2 By 2007, there were more than twice as many people living on the planet as there were in 1961. Over the same period, the total amount of available arable() land grew by just 10 percent. In comparison with population growth, the expansion of arable land was small. And there are limits to further expansion. A large proportion of the earth’s surface-like deserts-is not suitable for cultivation, and other areas are utilized by humans for roads and buildings. Some land that is rich in biodiversity needs to be preserved and thus should not be converted into arable land. The tropical rain forests, for example, have the highest species density in the world, and changing this land for crop cultivation would be dreadful to these species’ habitats and, indeed, existence. 3 By 2050, global demand for food will have risen by 70 percent. But the expansion of land available for cultivation has its limits. This is one of the greatest challenges facing agriculture today: How do we balance the increased demand for food with the need to maintain biological diversity, now and in the future? 4 Efficient and sane use of land will be key to preserving natural animal and plant habitats. To achieve this aim will depend to a(an) considerable extent on the use of modern agricultural methods. If these methods are successfully applied, we believe that agriculture and biodiversity can coexist in harmony.
第五章
fabricate 编造，捏造 nominal 名义上的，有名无实的 temporal 收时间限制的，世俗的 reciprocal 相互的，交互的 denote 意指，代表，表示 consecutive 连续的，不间断的 spectator 观众（可数） mutter 低嘀咕，低声说 composite n.合成物adj合成的 malicious 恶意的，恶毒的 1. Although he was not a legal expert, he knew it would not be proper to (fabricate) anything to mislead the public. 2. He does not work full time there, but he has been the (nominal) head of the organization's scholarship program for five years. 3. As Mark walked the sites on that initial trip of the migrants, he found some important (temporal) clues — dated bus tickets, shopping receipts and calendars. 4. In urban planning, it is important to take into consideration the (reciprocal) influence between the transportation network and other facilities, for example shopping centers and medical centers. 5. The label "Smart Choices" on the front of food packages usually (denotes) products that meet criteria for lower fat, sugar and sodium (钠) content. 6. The public high school graduation rates in New Mexico and Arizona have been increasing for three (consecutive) years, thanks to an online program that helps students earn missing credits. 7. In the accident at the air show last week, a pilot and 10 (spectators) were killed when a fighter plane crashed into the crowd. 8. The mother was not sure where the boys went, but she did hear them (muttering) something about going out for a movie with friends. 9. This newly released portrait of Planet Earth is actually a (composite) of several pictures taken earlier this month by a new research satellite. 10. You shouldn't feel insulted. We can assure you he meant to be friendly and there was nothing impolite or (malicious) in his words.
1 中华文明曾对世界文明产生过重大影响。 2 Chinese civilization once had a significant influence on world civilization. 3 近年来，随着我国经济的发展和国际地位的提升，历史悠久的中国文化正引起世界新的关注。 4 With the development of our country’s economy and the rise of her international status in recent years, Chinese culture, which has a long history, is once again attracting global attention 5 .越来越多的中国元素为当今世界时尚、文学、影视作品等提供了创作灵感，成为热门题材 6 。More and more Chinese cultural elements provide inspiration for and become popular subjects of fashions, literature and movies around the world. 7 这一现象表明，世界需要中国文化。 8 This shows that the world needs Chinese culture 9 .在这种背景下，我国决定实施文化“走出去”的战略，以加强中国与世界其他各国的文化交流。 10 It was in this context that China decided to implement the “Culture Exporting” strategy so as to enhance her cultural exchanges with the rest of the world. 11 经过数年的努力，这项工程已经取得了很大的成绩。 12 After several years’ efforts, great achievements have been made in this respect. 13 文化“走出去”大力推动了我国文化产业的发展，正成为提升我国国家形象和综合实力的有效途径。 14 “Culture Exporting” has greatly promoted the development of our cultural industries. It is becoming an effective approach through which China enhances her nation image and comprehensive strength.
第六章
1.When I first came to this city, everything was __alian__ to me. It took me a long time to adjust myself to the new environment. 2.Something growing in her brain caused damage to her __optic__ nerve, and doctors thought she would never see again. 3.The front side of the house has a(n) __ symmetrical___ arrangement of windows and door and two windows on each side. 4. He cleaned the old machine and __ lubricated__the moving parts with a little mineral oil, hoping that it could work again. 5.We could tell it was a crisp winter night because, overhead, between the shadows of the buildings, a multitude of stars ___ twinkled / were twinkling 6.During his work on child protection, he often acts as a(n) _ mediator_ between parents and children, making the parents know what they can do and what they cannot do. 7.Due to safety concerns, the commander ordered his troops to leave their __outposts_in the mountains and return to their bases in the nearby village. 8. It’s exciting to travel to a foreign place, no matter whether you’re _traversing_ the wilds of Africa or just making a weekend trip to the countryside. 9. In the 1970s, a number of countries passed laws to protect women’s rights, announcing that they would __ emancipate women through education and work. 10. The basic idea of _deductive__ reasoning is that if something is true of a class of things in general, this truth applies to all members of that class.
第七章
1 1.While conservatives today play a dominant role in mainstream politics,there was once a time when they were on the fringes of American political life. 2 2.The World Health Organization was established in 1948,and one of its first responsibilities then was to unify the separate international health-related treaties in a single code. 3 3.Because of over-hunting,the number of certain types of whales has been reduced so greatly that they are danger of becoming extinct. 4 4.The senator,who was against the war,claimed that with all the indefinite and complex economic and political factors,the outcome of the war was still uncertain. 5 5.Online shopping and other electronic services could well slash the number of entry-level jobs in the traditional retail sector 6 6.The theater is equipped with an intricate system of stage machinery to meet the demands of even the most complex show. 7 7.On March 28,Yang,a famous singer in China,was there with thousands of visitors to inaugurate the first jewelry story in the city. 8 8.Experts point out that people will readily see the need to ventilate their homes for fresh air to get rid of viruses that may cause disease. 9 9.Our university has introduced an important new scheme in collaboration with IBM,which will help to prepare students for the working environment. 10 10.The speed at which new technologies are adopted and diffuse can affect the ability of innovators to flourish in a particular economy.
第八章
1.After waking up from a long dream about an evil man that _stalked_ him in darkness, Jonathan found himself lying on a bench in the park. 2.With the improvement of living conditions throughout the world, there has been an increase in the life __expectancy_ of the human race. 3.The city’s Real Estate Division will __terminate__ the lease for default if the tenant fails to provide detailed statements of the use of the property. 4. One hour after the plane crash, the president offered __condolences__ to the families of the victims and promised to improve the safety of the nation’s aviation. 5. London’s museums are presenting several exhibition __chronicling__, more than 60 years of the city’s fashion industry to reflect its role as a fashion exporter. 6. He lost his job as a doctor in 1998, after being sued for _malpractice __because he once improperly gave prescription drug samples to a patient. 7.On this historic street, visitors can tour several homes from centuries past to get a(n) __retrospective_ look at the city’s traditional holiday celebrations. 8. Some customers are calling online for a month-long __boycott__ of the famous soft drink to express their dissatisfaction with its declining quality. 9. Once a contract is signed, revisions of any part of the product design will __incur__ an added fee for the client. 10.All his parents’ sisters and brothers have big _batches_ of kids, so he has nine cousins in total, all living here in Rome.