SMTP协议
首先了解SMTP(简单邮件传输协议),邮件传送代理程序使用SMTP协议来发送电邮到接收者的邮件服务器。SMTP协议只能用来发送邮件,不能用来接收邮件,而大多数的邮件发送服务器都是使用SMTP协议。SMTP协议的默认TCP端口号是25。
发送邮件之前的配置:
上面说了是使用SMTP协议发送的邮件,所以需要先查看你的发件人邮箱是否有开启SMTP协议,如没有,则需要开启,我测试使用的是163.com的邮箱作为发信人邮箱,在设置中开启SMTP协议如下图所示。
测试的前提是你需要开通客户端授权,开通后会让你设置密码,那个密码要记好,下面的passwd接收的是授权密码而不是邮箱密码!否则会出现下图所示的错误提示:
小栗子:
import smtplib
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
# 第三方 SMTP 服务
mail_host = "smtp.163.com" # SMTP服务器
mail_user = "***" # 用户名
mail_pass = "***" # 授权密码,非登录密码
sender = ***@163.com' # 发件人邮箱(最好写全, 不然会失败)
receivers = [***@qq.com'] # 接收邮件,可设置为你的QQ邮箱或者其他邮箱
content = '我用Python'
title = '人生苦短' # 邮件主题
def sendEmail():
message = MIMEText(content, 'plain', 'utf-8') # 内容, 格式, 编码
message['From'] = "{}".format(sender)
message['To'] = ",".join(receivers)
message['Subject'] = title
try:
smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(mail_host, 465) # 启用SSL发信, 端口一般是465
smtpObj.login(mail_user, mail_pass) # 登录验证
smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string()) # 发送
print("mail has been send successfully.")
except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
print(e)
def send_email2(SMTP_host, from_account, from_passwd, to_account, subject, content):
email_client = smtplib.SMTP(SMTP_host)
email_client.login(from_account, from_passwd)
# create msg
msg = MIMEText(content, 'plain', 'utf-8')
msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8') # subject
msg['From'] = from_account
msg['To'] = to_account
email_client.sendmail(from_account, to_account, msg.as_string())
email_client.quit()
if __name__ == '__main__':
sendEmail()
# receiver = '***'
# send_email2(mail_host, mail_user, mail_pass, receiver, title, content)