常见的计算机专业相关词汇汇总

计算机导论           Introduction to Computer Science
高等数学              Advanced Mathematics
应用创造学           Creativity Methodology
工程图学与计算机绘图              Engineering Graphics and Computer Graphics Drawings
面向对象程序设计              Object-oriented Programming
概率论与数理统计              Probability Theory and Statistics
离散数学              Discrete Mathematics
软件工程概论              Introduction to Software Engineering
数据结构              Data Structures
计算机组成与结构              Computer Organization and Architecture
操作系统              Operating System
计算机网络           Computer Network
算法设计与分析           Algorithm Design and Analysis
软件工程经济学           Software Engineering Economics
Java技术              Java Technology
UML建模             UML Modeling (Unified Modeling Language Modeling)
数据库系统概论           Introduction to Database Systems
编译原理              Principle of Compiler
软件体系结构              Software Architecture
程序分析              Program Analysis
软件过程与项目管理           Software Process and Project Management
系统分析与设计           System Analysis and Design
程序测试              Program Testing
模式识别       Pattern Recognition
嵌入式程序设计    Embedded Programming
人机交互技术              Human-computer Interaction Technology
云计算           Cloud Computing
计算机与网络安全              Computer and Network Security
计算机图形学              Computer Graphics
数据挖掘技术              Data Mining Technology
分布对象技术              Distributed Object Technology
网络多媒体           Internet Multimedia
网络程序设计              Network Programming
.NET程序设计             . NET Programming Design
协议工程              Protocol Engineering
5.4.2          操作系统相关术语
虚拟机           Virtual Machine
访问控制列表              Access Control List
线程             Thread
多线程           Multithreading
进程              Process
守护进程             Daemon
进程间通信           IPC (Interprocess Communication)
死锁              Deadlock
银行家算法           Banker’s  algorithm
内存管理              Memory management
虚拟地址              Virtual address
物理地址              Physical address
引导盘           Boot Disk
页面失效              Page Fault
后台进程/前台进程             Background Process /Foreground Process
文件传送协议              FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
图形用户界面              GUI (Graphical User Interface)
权限              Permission
移植              Port/Ported/Porting
可移植系统接口          Portable Operating System Interface
分时              Time-sharing
工作区           Workspace
工作目录             Working Directory
窗口管理器           Window Manager
封装器           Wrapper
5.4.3          算法相关术语
字典              Dictionaries
堆           Heap
优先级队列           Priority queue
矩阵乘法              Matrix multiplication
贪心算法              Greedy algorithm
上界/下界             Upper bound / Lower bound
最好情况/最坏情况/平均情况            Best case /Worst Case/ Average case
插入排序             Insertion sort
合并排序              Merge sort
堆排序           Heap sort
快速排序              Quick sort
动态规划              DP (Dynamic Programming)
背包问题              Knapsack problem
霍夫曼编码          Huffman Coding
迪杰斯特拉算法           Dijkstra’s algorithm
贝尔曼-福德算法         Bellman-Ford algorithm
弗洛伊德算法              Floyd-Warshall algorithm
回溯              Back-Tracking
N皇后问题           N-Queen problem
渐进增长      Asymptotic growth(包含O-notationΩ-notation Θ-notation)
线性规划              Linear programming
随机数生成           Random number generation
图的生成              Generating graphs
图论-多项式算法         Graph Problems – polynomial algorithm      
连通分支              Connected components
最小生成树           Minimum Spanning Tree      
最短路径              Shortest path
NP问题         Non-Deterministic Polynomial problem
旅行商问题           Traveling salesman problem
同构              Graph isomorphism
压缩              Text compression
最长公共子串              Longest Common Substring
最短公共父串              Shortest Common Superstring
收敛速度              Rate of convergence  
5.4.4          数据结构相关术语
集合              Set Data Structures
线性方程组           Linear Equations
数据抽象             Data abstraction
数据元素             Data element
数据对象             Data object
数据类型              Data type
逻辑结构              Logical structure
物理结构              Physical structure
线性结构/非线性结构          Linear structure / Nonlinear structure
线性表           Linear list
栈           Stack
队列              Queue
串           String
图          Graph
插入              Insertion
删除              Deletion
前趋             Predecessor
后继             Successor
直接前趋             Immediate predecessor
直接后继              Immediate successor
双端列表              Double-ended queue
循环队列              Circular queue
指针      Pointer
先进先出表（队列）           First-in first-out list
后进先出表（队列）           Last-in first-out list
栈底/栈顶             Bottom /Top
压入/弹出             Push/ Pop
队头/队尾             Front/ Rear
上溢/下溢             Overflow/ Underflow
数组              Array
矩阵              Matrix
多维数组              Multi-dimensional array
以行为主/以列为主的顺序分配          Row major order / Column major order
三角矩阵              Triangular matrix
对称矩阵              Symmetric matrix
稀疏矩阵              Sparse matrix
转置矩阵              Transposed matrix
链表              Linked list
线性链表              Linear linked list
单链表           Single linked list
多重链表              Multilinked list
循环链表              Circular linked list
双向链表              Doubly linked list
十字链表              Orthogonal list
广义表           Generalized list
指针域          Pointer field
头结点           Head node
头指针/尾指针             Head pointer/ Tail pointer
空白串           Blank string
空串（零串）Null string
子串              Substring
树           Tree
子树              Subtree
森林              Forest
根           Root
叶子              Leaf
深度              Depth
双亲/孩子/兄弟/祖先/子孙   Parents/ Children/ Brother/ Ancestor/ Descendant
二叉树           Binary tree
平衡二叉树           Balanced binary tree
满二叉树              Full binary tree
完全二叉树           Complete binary tree
遍历二叉树          Traversing binary tree
二叉排序树           Binary sort tree
二叉查找树           Binary search tree
线索二叉树           Threaded binary tree
哈夫曼树              Huffman tree
有序树/无序树             Ordered tree / Unordered tree
判定树          Decision tree
数字查找树           Digital search tree
树的遍历              Traversal of tree
先序遍历              Preorder traversal
中序遍历              Inorder traversal
后序遍历              Postorder traversal
子图              Subgraph
有向图/无向图             Digraph(directed graph)/Undigraph(undirected graph)
完全图           Complete graph
连通图           Connected graph
非连通图              Unconnected graph
强连通图              Strongly connected graph
弱连通图              Weakly connected graph
有向无环图           Directed acyclic graph
重连通图              Biconnected graph
二部图           Bipartite graph
边           Edge
顶点              Vertex
连接点          Articulation point
初始结点              Initial node
终端结点              Terminal node
相邻边           Adjacent edge
相邻顶点              Adjacent vertex
关联边           Incident edge
入度/出度             In-degree/ Out-degree
有序对/无序对             Ordered pair/ Unordered pair
简单路径              Simple path
简单回路              Simple cycle
连通分量              Connected component
邻接矩阵              Adjacency matrix
邻接表           Adjacency list
邻接多重表           Adjacency multi-list
遍历图           Traversing graph
生成树           Spanning tree
拓扑排序              Topological sort
偏序              Partial order
AOV网          Activity On Vertex network
AOE网          Activity On Edge network
关键路径              Critical path
线性查找（顺序查找）              Linear search (Sequential search)
二分查找              Binary search
分块查找              Block search
散列查找              Hash search
平均查找长度              Average search length
散列表           Hash table
散列函数              Hash function
直接定址法           Immediately allocating method
数字分析法           Digital analysis method
平方取中法           Mid-square method
随机数法       Random number method
内部排序              Internal sort
外部排序              External sort
选择排序              Selection sort
基数排序              Radix sort
平衡归并排序              Balance merging sort
二路平衡归并排序              Balance two-way merging sort
多步归并排序              Ploy phase merging sort
置换选择排序              Replacement selection sort
索引文件              Indexed file
索引顺序文件              Indexed sequential file
索引非顺序文件           Indexed non-sequential file
多重链表文件              Multi-list file
倒排文件              Inverted file
5.4.5          计算机网络相关术语
端口              Port
服务器           Server
客户端           Client
服务访问点           SAP (Service Access Point)
开放系统互联              OSI (Open System Interconnection)
物理层           Physical layer
数据链路层           Data link layer
网络层           Network layer
运输层           Transport layer
会话层           Session layer
表示层           Presentation layer
应用层           Application layer
TCP/IP协议          TCP / IP protocol
信道容量              Channel capacity
香农              Shannon
奈奎斯特              Nyquist
双绞线           UTP (Unshielded Twisted Paired)
同轴电缆              Coaxial cable
光纤              Optical fiber
不归零码              NRZ (Non Return to Zero)
曼彻斯特编码              Manchester coding
调制              Modulation
脉码调制             PCM (Pulse Code Modulation)
增量调制              DM (Delta Modulation)
同步传输/异步传输             Synchronous transmission / ATM (Asynchronous transmission)
循环冗余校验              CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check)
流量控制              Flow control
滑动窗口              Sliding window
差错控制              Error control
帧结构           Frame structure
复用              Reuse     
非对称数字用户线路           ADSL (Asymmetric digital subscriber line)
电路交换和分组交换           Circuit switching and packet switching
频分多路复用              Frequency division multiplexing
信令                     Signaling
数据报                  Datagram
虚电路                  Virtual circuit
帧中继                  Frame relay   
信元                     Ceil
拥塞                     Congestion
反压                     Back pressure
令牌桶                  Token bucket
环形/总线形/树形和星形结构            Ring/ bus/ tree and star structure        
局域网                  LAN (local area network)
集线器                  Hub
交换机                  Switch
路由器                  Router
网桥                     Network bridge
以太网监听算法           Ethernet listener algorithm
子网掩码              Subnet mask
三次握手              Three-way handshake
地址解析协议              APP (Address resolution protocol)
瘦客户机              Thin client
网际控制报文协议              ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
因特网群组管理协议           IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol)
拒绝服务              Denial of service
边界网关              Border gateway
域名系统              DNS (Domain Name System)
数据链路控制              DLC (Data Link Control)
互联网电子邮件协议标准           POP (Post Office Protocol)
远程控制              Remote control
简单邮件传送协议              SMTP (Simple Mail Transport Protocol)