移植ubuntu16.04到arm/aarch64
#移植ubuntu16.04 到arm
ubuntu-base是一个基础的Ubuntu系统，可以理解为最小的Ubuntu系统，本文适用所有arm/aarch64
1.下载ubuntu for arm的源码
[wget方式 32 for arm](wget http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-base/releases/16.04.4/release/ubuntu-base-16.04.4-base-armhf.tar.gz )
[wget方式 64 for arm](wget http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-base/releases/16.04.1/release/ubuntu-base-16.04.2-base-arm64.tar.gz )
2.安装qemu-user-static
sudo apt-get install qemu-user-static
3.解压ubuntu源码到自己的目录
mkdir $(xxxx)/ubuntu16.04
sudo tar -zxvf ubuntu-base-16.04.4-base-armhf.tar.gz -C $(xxxx)/ubuntu16.04
拷贝qemu-arm-static/qemu-aarch64-static到刚刚解压出来的目录
sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static $(xxxx)/ubuntu16.04/usr/bin/
为了制作成功的根文件系统能够联网，可以直接拷贝本机的dns配置文件到根文件系统的相应位置
sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf $(xxxx)/ubuntu16.04/etc/resolv.conf
4.qemu挂载
挂在根文件系统并chroot，首先在本机挂载刚刚下载好的文件系统，联网完成相应的配置，然后载烧录到开发板上，需要挂载proc, sys, dev, dev/pts等文件系统，可以写个脚本，如下
#!/bin/bash
mnt ()
{
echo "MOUNTING"
sudo mount -t proc /proc ${2}proc
sudo mount -t sysfs /sys ${2}sys
sudo mount -o bind /dev ${2}dev
sudo mount -o bind /dev/pts ${2}dev/pts
sudo chroot ${2}
}
umnt ()
{
echo "UNMOUNTING"
sudo umount ${2}proc
sudo umount ${2}sys
sudo umount ${2}dev/pts
sudo umount ${2}dev
}
if [ "$1" = "-m" ] && [ -n "$2" ];
then
mnt $1 $2
echo "mnt -m pwd"
elif [ "$1" = "-u" ] && [ -n "$2" ];
then
umnt $1 $2
echo "mnt -u pwd"
else
echo ""
echo "Either 1'st, 2'nd or bothparameters were missing"
echo ""
echo "1'st parameter can be one ofthese: -m(mount) OR -u(umount)"
echo "2'nd parameter is the full pathof rootfs directory(with trailing '/')"
echo ""
echo "For example: ch-mount -m/media/sdcard/"
echo ""
echo 1st parameter : ${1}
echo 2nd parameter : ${2}
fi
然后执行脚本
sudo sh ms.sh -m $(xxxx)/ubuntu16.04
终端响应如下
zw@zw-pc:~/work/v1.2/ubuntu$ sudo sh ms.sh -m ./ubuntu16.04/
[sudo] password for zw:
MOUNTING
root@zw-pc:/# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
root@zw-pc:/#
5.更新源并安装必要的软件
apt-get update
apt-get install python3
apt-get install vim
apt-getinstall net-tools
apt-get install iputils-ping
apt-get install iproute2
apt-get install isc-dhcp-client
apt-get install telnetd
6.设置root密码，增加新的普通用户
passwd root
adduser xxxxx
7.修改/etc/fstab
根据自己的情况
# stock fstab - you probably want to override this with a machine specific one
/dev/root / auto defaults 1 1
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts mode=0620,gid=5 0 0
tmpfs /run tmpfs mode=0755,nodev,nosuid,strictatime 0 0
tmpfs /var/volatile tmpfs defaults 0 0
# uncomment this if your device has a SD/MMC/Transflash slot
dev/mmcblk0p3 /media/card ext4 defaults 0 0
8.执行exit和解绑
exit
sudo sh ms.sh -u $(xxxx)/ubuntu16.04
终端回应如下
root@zw-pc:/# exit
exit
mnt -m pwd
zw@zw-pc:~/work/v1.2/ubuntu$ sudo sh ms.sh -u ./ubuntu16.04/
[sudo] password for zw:
UNMOUNTING
mnt -u pwd
zw@zw-pc:~/work/v1.2/ubuntu$
##遇到的问题
1.提示
xxxx is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported.
解决方法
在/etc/sudoer文件中添加如下
# Members of the admin group may gain root privileges
%admin ALL=(ALL) ALL
autobrain ALL=(ALL) ALL
# Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
%sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
2.提示
sudo: unable to resolve host xxxx但sudo 还是可以正常执行,
解决方法
在/etc/hosts添加
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
127.0.0.1 autobrain
3.串口无法进入到控制台
解决方法
cp /lib/systemd/system/[email protected] /lib/systemd/system/[email protected]
ln -s /lib/systemd/system/[email protected] /etc/systemd/system/getty.target.wants/
再修改/lib/systemd/system/[email protected]把里面的“%i.device”改为“%i”