IOS:OC--归档与反归档

1.新建类 “Person ”
2.Person .h
@interface Person : NSObject
/*
1.首先：复杂对象所属的类必须遵循《NSCoding》协议

序列化和反序列化
2.- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder;
序列化---归档

• (nullable instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder;
  反序列化---反归档
  */
  @property(nonatomic,strong)NSString *name;
  @property(nonatomic,strong)NSString *gender;
  @property(nonatomic,assign)int age;
  3.Person .m
  //归档
  //对person对象进行归档时，此方法执行
  //对person中想要进行归档时的所有属性，进行序列化操作

• (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder{

  [aCoder encodeObject:self.name forKey:@"name"];
  [aCoder encodeInteger:self.age forKey:@"age"];
  }
  //反归档
  //对person进行反归档时该方法执行
  //创建一个新的person对象，所有属性通过反序列化的到

• (nullable instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder{
  if (self = [super init]){
  self.name = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"name"];
  self.age=[aDecoder decodeIntForKey:@"age"];
  }
  return self;
  }
  4.ViewController.m

• (void)viewDidLoad {
  [super viewDidLoad];
  // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
  //归档：将对象类型转换成数据类型，以文件的形式存储，如果想要读取归档中的数据，可以通过反归档形式，还原数据。
  /归档三种形式：
  1、将Foundation框架中对象进行归档
  2、对自定义内容进行归档
  3、自定义类对象进行归档/

// [self archiver];
//[self writeUserDef];
[self Archiver];

}

-(void)Archiver{

//获取document文件路径
NSString * document = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES)lastObject];
NSLog(@"%@",document);
//在document文件夹。创建新的文件
NSString * filePath = [document stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"customFile"];
//1.使用data对象进行归档
NSMutableData * archiverdata = [NSMutableData data ];
//2.创建归档对象
NSKeyedArchiver * archiver = [[NSKeyedArchiver alloc] initForWritingWithMutableData:archiverdata];
//3.归档数据
[archiver encodeObject:@"小花" forKey:@"xm"];
[archiver encodeObject:@[@"华晨宇",@"吴亦凡 ",@"彭于晏"] forKey:@"name"];
[archiver encodeInt:28 forKey:@"age"];
//4.完成归档
[archiver finishEncoding];
//5.导入
BOOL result = [archiverdata writeToFile:filePath atomically:YES];

if (result) {
    NSLog(@"归档成功%@",filePath);
}
else{
    NSLog(@"归档失败");
}

//反归档
//拿到数据文件
NSData * unarchiverData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
//进行反归档
//1.创建反归档对象
NSKeyedUnarchiver * unarchiver = [[NSKeyedUnarchiver alloc] initForReadingWithData:unarchiverData];
NSString * strData = [unarchiver decodeObjectForKey:@"xm"];
NSLog(@"%@,%@",strData,filePath);

}

pragma mark ---NSUserDefaults

-(void)writeUserDef{
/*
NSUserDefaults是一个单例类。只有一个实例，可用于数据的永久存储
可以存储 NSNumber NSString NSData NSArray
*/
NSArray * array=@[@"宋仲基",@"华晨宇",@"吴亦凡"];
NSUserDefaults *user=[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
//存储
[user setObject:array forKey:@"userArray"];
//取
NSArray * arr = [user objectForKey:@"userArray"];
NSLog(@"%@",arr);

#warning 注意：要保证key的唯一，不唯一就会被覆盖：对象（必须是不可变）
//NSUserdefaults:存储对象不可变，如果存储可变，首先要将可变，转为不可变
NSMutableArray * mutableArray=[NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"133",@"456",@"789",nil];
//将可变，转为不可变
NSArray * arr1=[NSArray arrayWithArray:mutableArray];
//存储
NSUserDefaults * user2 = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
[user2 setObject:array forKey:@"存放的一定是不可变的"];
//自定义数据类型
Person * per = [Person new];
per.name=@"彭于晏";
per.gender=@"男";
per.age=18;
//存放person的数组
NSMutableArray *dataArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:0];
//将person转化为data类型  整体
NSData * data = [NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject:per];
//将data 写入到数组中
NSUserDefaults * user3 = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
[user3 setObject:data forKey:@"person"];
NSLog(@"%@",user3);
//取出数据
NSUserDefaults * user4=[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
NSData * data1 = [user4 objectForKey:@"person"];
Person * per1= [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:data1];
NSLog(@"%@",per1);

}

pragma mark --- 复杂对象写入文件

-(void)archiver{
Person * person=[Person new];
person.name = @"华晨宇";
person.age=18;
person.gender=@"男";

//准备路径
NSString * path=NSHomeDirectory();
NSLog(@"%@",path);

path=[path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"singDog.txt"];
//1.准备存储数据对象
NSMutableData *data=[NSMutableData data];
//2创建归档对象
NSKeyedArchiver * archiver = [[NSKeyedArchiver alloc]initForWritingWithMutableData:data];
//3开始归档
[archiver encodeObject:person forKey:@"person"];
//4完成归档
[archiver finishEncoding];
//5.写入到文件当中
BOOL result=[data writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
if (result){
    NSLog(@"归档成功%@",path);
}
else{
    NSLog(@"归档失败");
}

pragma mark --- 反归档／反序列化／解码／解档

//准备解档路径
NSData * mydata = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:path];
//创建反归档对象
NSKeyedUnarchiver * unarchiver=[[NSKeyedUnarchiver alloc]initForReadingWithData:mydata ];
//反归档
Person * per = [Person new];
per = [unarchiver decodeObjectForKey:@"person"];
//完成反归档
[unarchiver finishDecoding];
//测试
NSLog(@"%@",per.name);

}