英语语法

英语五大基本句型:

1.主系表 she is girl
2.主谓 he disappear
3.主谓宾 he buy a car
4.主谓宾双宾 I teach you grammar
5.主谓宾宾补 you make me happy

非谓语

1.to do 表目的、动作还未发生
2.doing 表主动、进行、伴随
3.done 表被动、已完成

双宾

sb是间接宾语
offer sb sth = offer sth to sb
show sb sth = show sth to sb
reassure sb sth = reassure sth to sb
guarantee sb sth = guarantee sth to sb
teach sb sth = teach sth to sb
副词只能做状语,可以修饰动词,形容词,副词 ,
副词去掉不影响句子成分

可数名词不裸奔

名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词+名词
mine = my book

特殊词

for做介词:为了。做连词:因为。
as做介词:作为。做连词:当…时,像…一样,因为,尽管(倒装)

三大从句

定语从句
状语从句
名词性从句

定语从句

定语从句 = 形容词
关系代词:作成分,即从句不完整,相当于一个名词。who/that/which/whose。
关系副词:不做成分,即从句完整,相当于一个副词。when/where/why = prep+which/whose
关系代词在定语从句中作宾语都可以省略,写作建议别省(方便理解+凑字数)
关系代词例句:
The watch that you gave me keeps perfect time.
您给我的那只表走得很准。
关系副词例句:
It’s one of the few countries where people drive on the left.
这是位数不多的几个靠左行驶的国家之一

状语从句

状语从句修饰整个句子,从属连词(只连接,不做成分)
主句从句各自完整
时间:when, while, as, since, before, after, until
条件:if, unless, as long as, in case
目的:so that(还没发生)
结果:so, so…that, so that
原因:as, because, since, for
让步:although, though, while, even though 虽然 (事实), even if 即使 (假设)
地点: where, wherever
方式: as though, as if 仿佛,好像
对比:while
she like tea, while I like coffee.
比较:定语从句和状语从句
1.I can’t remember the time when he hit his classmate 定语从句(关系词前有名词)
2.they can learn nothing when they never listen.状语从句(关系词前没有名词,修饰整个句子)

名词性从句

主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句。
同位语从句中的that不作成分,that不可省略
A——不做成分,不缺意思that
B——不缺成分,缺意思whether, if, when, where, why, how
C——缺成分,缺意思(存在疑问语气)who,whom,whose,which,whoever,whichever,what,whatever
whether作主语时,不能用if替换
who只要出现就一定充当成分,不管定语从句还是名词性从句。
名词性从句没有先行词

其他句型

there be 句型
强调句
倒装句
虚拟语气

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