1.主系表 she is girl
2.主谓 he disappear
3.主谓宾 he buy a car
4.主谓宾双宾 I teach you grammar
5.主谓宾宾补 you make me happy
1.to do 表目的、动作还未发生
2.doing 表主动、进行、伴随
3.done 表被动、已完成
sb是间接宾语
offer sb sth = offer sth to sb
show sb sth = show sth to sb
reassure sb sth = reassure sth to sb
guarantee sb sth = guarantee sth to sb
teach sb sth = teach sth to sb
副词只能做状语,可以修饰动词,形容词,副词 ,
副词去掉不影响句子成分
名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词+名词
mine = my book
for做介词:为了。做连词:因为。
as做介词:作为。做连词:当…时,像…一样,因为,尽管(倒装)
定语从句
状语从句
名词性从句
定语从句 = 形容词
关系代词:作成分,即从句不完整,相当于一个名词。who/that/which/whose。
关系副词:不做成分,即从句完整,相当于一个副词。when/where/why = prep+which/whose
关系代词在定语从句中作宾语都可以省略,写作建议别省(方便理解+凑字数)
关系代词例句:
The watch that you gave me keeps perfect time.
您给我的那只表走得很准。
关系副词例句:
It’s one of the few countries where people drive on the left.
这是位数不多的几个靠左行驶的国家之一
状语从句修饰整个句子,从属连词(只连接,不做成分)
主句从句各自完整
时间:when, while, as, since, before, after, until
条件:if, unless, as long as, in case
目的:so that(还没发生)
结果:so, so…that, so that
原因:as, because, since, for
让步:although, though, while, even though 虽然 (事实), even if 即使 (假设)
地点: where, wherever
方式: as though, as if 仿佛,好像
对比:while
she like tea, while I like coffee.
比较:定语从句和状语从句
1.I can’t remember the time when he hit his classmate 定语从句(关系词前有名词)
2.they can learn nothing when they never listen.状语从句(关系词前没有名词,修饰整个句子)
主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句。
同位语从句中的that不作成分,that不可省略
A——不做成分,不缺意思that
B——不缺成分,缺意思whether, if, when, where, why, how
C——缺成分,缺意思(存在疑问语气)who,whom,whose,which,whoever,whichever,what,whatever
whether作主语时,不能用if替换
who只要出现就一定充当成分,不管定语从句还是名词性从句。
名词性从句没有先行词
there be 句型
强调句
倒装句
虚拟语气