1.探索整个目录树
kv:增删改查
目录树==文件夹
文件目录位置==一串字符串
文件的绝对目录与相对目录
几个系统命令：
%cd 文件目录位置
%pwd
目录树=文件夹
import os # 针对系统的模块，比如对目录树的操作
test_path = r'C:\study\jupyter'os.listdir(test_path) #listdir显示目录列表['.ipynb_checkpoints',
'21点.ipynb',
'51beiwanglu-zuoye.ipynb',
'51memo.1.py',
'51备忘录v0.24.ipynb',
'color_me.py',
'guess21.py',
'python01-test.ipynb',
'python02-basic-num-str.ipynb',
'python02-basic-num-str2.ipynb',
'True False 返回值.ipynb',
'Untitled.ipynb',
'Untitled1.ipynb',
'Untitled10.ipynb',
'Untitled2.ipynb',
'Untitled3.ipynb',
'Untitled4.ipynb',
'Untitled5.ipynb',
'Untitled6.ipynb',
'Untitled7.ipynb',
'Untitled8.ipynb',
'Untitled9.ipynb',
'zhaofangtao.ipynb',
'zuoye1.ipynb',
'__pycache__',
'作用域.ipynb',
'函数的来龙去脉.ipynb',
'单位转换器.ipynb',
'控制程序的每一个角落.ipynb',
'翻译小程序.ipynb',
'解释函数.ipynb']os.getcwd() #获取当前的工作目录'C:\\study\\jupyter'os.chdir('C:\study\python') # 更改目录os.chdir()os.getcwd() # 显示当前的工作目录current work dir'C:\\study\\python'os.mkdir('coop') # os.mkdir()创建新目录os.listdir()['coop']路径就是一条字符串
左右斜线
os.path.join()
os.path.exits()
os.path.isdir()
os.path.join('c', 'd') #拼接路径的方法'c\\d'os.path.exists('C:\study\python')Trueos.path.exists(r'C:\study\python') # 目录路径是否存在True相对路径和绝对路径
一个点：当前工作目录，特殊名称，不是真的文件夹
两个点：父级目录
os.path.abspath('.')
os.path.isabs()
os.path.relpath()
os.path.abspath('.') # 当前路径的绝对路径'C:\\study\\python'os.path.isabs('C:\\study\\python')Trueos.path.relpath('C:\\study\\python', 'c:\\study')'python'os.path.relpath('c:\\study', 'C:\\study\\python')'..'命令管理
路径各级名称
path.split(os.path.sep)
os.path.basename()
os.path.dirname()
删除文件操作：谨慎操作
os.unlink
shutil.rmtree(path)
移动/复制
copy
copytree
move
os.getcwd()'C:\\study\\python'path1 = r'C:\\study\\python'
path2 = r'C:\study\python'os.path.sep'\\'path1.split(os.path.sep)['C:', '', 'study', '', 'python']path2.split(os.path.sep)['C:', 'study', 'python']os.path.split(path1)('C:\\\\study', 'python')os.path.split(path2) # 贪婪匹配('C:\\study', 'python')os.path.splitext(path1)('C:\\\\study\\\\python', '')os.path.splitext(path2)('C:\\study\\python', '')os.getcwd()'C:\\study\\python'path3 = r'C:\study\python\test1.xlsx'os.path.splitext(path3) # 将文件名的后缀给隔离开了('C:\\study\\python\\test1', '.xlsx')os.path.split(path3) # os.path.spit(path3)没能将文件后缀给隔离('C:\\study\\python', 'test1.xlsx')########################os.path.basename(path1) # print目录最后的文件夹或者文件名'python'os.path.basename(path3) # print目录最后的文件夹或者文件名'test1.xlsx'os.path.dirname(path2) # print目录树排除最后文件后的目录，排除了目录python'C:\\study'os.path.dirname(path3) # 排除了文件夹 test1.xlsx'C:\\study\\python'############################os.getcwd()'C:\\study\\python'os.listdir()['coop', 'test1.txt', 'test1.xlsx']os.unlink('test1.xlsx') # 删除文件#######################################import shutil # shutil 针对目录的模块
shutil.rmtree('coop') # 删除目录os.listdir()['test1.txt']os.getcwd()'C:\\study\\python'shutil.copytree('../jupyter/test2/', '../python/test3') # 复制并改名'../python/test3'shutil.copytree('../jupyter/test1/','test1') # 单纯的复制'test1'shutil.copy('./test1.txt', './test2.txt') # 针对文件'./test2.txt'os.listdir()['test1', 'test1.txt', 'test2.txt', 'test3']shutil.copy('./test1/','./test4/')---------------------------------------------------------------------------
PermissionError Traceback (most recent call last)
in ()
----> 1 shutil.copy('./test1/','./test4/')
c:\users\coop\miniconda3\envs\coop\lib\shutil.py in copy(src, dst, follow_symlinks)
239 if os.path.isdir(dst):
240 dst = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src))
--> 241 copyfile(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
242 copymode(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
243 return dst
c:\users\coop\miniconda3\envs\coop\lib\shutil.py in copyfile(src, dst, follow_symlinks)
118 os.symlink(os.readlink(src), dst)
119 else:
--> 120 with open(src, 'rb') as fsrc:
121 with open(dst, 'wb') as fdst:
122 copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst)
PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: './test1/' shutil.move('../jupyter/21点.ipynb', './') # move 移动'./21点.ipynb'os.listdir()['21点.ipynb', 'test1', 'test1.txt', 'test2.txt', 'test3']