1.1.4名词性从句作主语
a.句子是不能做主语的,因此:
He doesn't study makes me angry.(he doesn't study是句子,错误)
That he doesn't study makes me angry.(That he doesn't study是名词性从句)
b.名词性从句的种类
名词性从句一共有三种:(速记:戴慧怡)
1)that从句(戴)
2)whether从句(慧)
3)疑问词所引导的从句(怡)
分项说明如下:
1)that从句
任何一个主语起首的句子前面冠以that,形成that从句
He doesn't study makes me angry.(he doesn't study是句子,错误)
That he doesn't study makes me angry.(That he doesn't study是名词性从句)
2)whether从句
本从句可由yes/no回答的问句变化而成,可用yes/no来回答的问句为一般疑问句。一般都要主语跟动词换位。
当问句有do、does、did等助动词时,将do、does、did去掉,后面的动词依人称和时态变化。
Did he come?
->whether he came
(他是否来了)
3)疑问词从句
本从句由疑问词(when、what、how、where、why等)引导的问句变化而成,这种由疑问词引导的问句称为特殊疑问句。一般都要主语跟动词换位,前面保留疑问词。
问句有do、does、did等助动词时,将do、does、did去掉,动词依人称和时态变化。
What did he write?
->what he wrote
注意:
who、what、which为疑问代词,若在问句中作主语,变成名词性从句时,结构不变。
Who came here?
->who came here
(谁来这里)
c.名词性从句的功能
1)名词性从句作主语:
Where he lives is still in doubt.
他住在哪里仍不确定。
注意:避免主语过长,亦可用形式主语it代替,置于句首,而被代替的名词性从句则置于句尾。
It is still in doubt where he lives.
2)名词性从句作及物动词的宾语:
I wonder whether he has finished the work.
我想知道他是否已做完这份工作。
3)名词性从句作介词(preposition,简称prep)的宾语:
a)此时仅能用whether从句或疑问词引导的名词性从句作宾语。that从句不可作介词的宾语。
I am worried about whether he can do it.
(我很担心他是否能做这件事)
b)遇有介词,且非要使用that从句,其补救方法如下:
1)介词+the fact + that 从句
I am sure of the fact that the team has won the game.
2)保留介词,不加the fact,但介词之后的that 从句要做下列变化:
第一步:除去that
第二步:that后的主语变所有格
第三步:动词变动名词
I am worried about that he plays around all day.(错)
->I am worried about that his playing around all day.
我为他整天游手好闲而担心。
a)that 从句若有助动词do、does、did时,予以去掉即可。
b)that从句若有助动词will或would时,予以去掉即可。
c)若有以下助词时,做下列变化
may -> be likely to
can -> be able to
3)去掉介词,将that放在形容词后面,作其宾语。
注意:
例外惯用语:
in that = because 因为
except that 只可惜,除了
notwithstanding that 尽管
= despite the fact that
= is spite of the fact that