重拾Android之路(五)RxJava和RxAndroid
现在RxJava和RxAndroid越来越火爆，自己在业余时间也学习了一下，感觉确实很好用，之前 为了完成页面刷新，数据请求，组件信息传递的时候，要使用handler，真的是逻辑思路很强，稍微不注意，就各种错误一大堆。这下有了RxJava和RxAndroid，真的爽。
RxJava
网上有很多给RxJava做定义的，很多人说的比较官方，而我是比较笨的那种人，所以看了很久也没有看懂，不过最后在一个博客中，看到
RxJava就是异步
我决定这句话概括的还是非常好的!!!
不过我们还是要来先看一下官方给出的定义
定义
RxJava：a library for composing asynchronous and event-based programs using observable sequences for the Java VM
// 翻译：RxJava 是一个在 Java VM 上使用可观测的序列来组成异步的、基于事件的程序的库
所以说，RxJava 是一个 基于事件流、实现异步操作的库
特点:
RxJava的使用方式是：基于事件流的链式调用
1. 逻辑简洁
2. 实现优雅
3. 使用简单
更重要的是，随着程序逻辑的复杂性提高，它依然能够保持简洁 & 优雅
原理
这个地方使用的是别人的例子，我觉得很好
顾客到餐厅吃饭
RxJava是一种基于扩展的观察者模式
在RxJava中有四种角色：
| 角色 | 作用 | 类比 |
|---|---|---|
| 被观察者（Observable） | 产生事件 | 顾客 |
| 观察者（Observer） | 接收事件，并给出响应动作 | 厨房 |
| 订阅（Subscribe） | 连接 被观察者 & 观察者 | 服务员 |
| 事件（Event） | 被观察者 & 观察者 沟通的载体 | 菜式 |
即RxJava原理可总结为：被观察者 （Observable） 通过 订阅（Subscribe） 按顺序发送事件(Event) 给观察者 （Observer）， 观察者（Observer） 按顺序接收事件 & 作出对应的响应动作。具体如下图
配置
compile 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.0.1'
compile 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:2.0.1'RxJava的使用
使用方式：
1. 分步骤实现：该方法主要为了深入说明Rxjava的原理 & 使用，主要用于演示说明
2. 基于事件流的链式调用：主要用于实际使用
分步实现的步骤
- 创建被观察者(Obserable)和生产事件
- 即：顾客-坐下餐桌-点菜
具体实现：
- 即：顾客-坐下餐桌-点菜
// 1. 创建被观察者 Observable 对象
Observable observable = Observable.create(new ObservableOnSubscribe() {
// create() 是 RxJava 最基本的创造事件序列的方法
// 此处传入了一个 OnSubscribe 对象参数
// 当 Observable 被订阅时，OnSubscribe 的 call() 方法会自动被调用，即事件序列就会依照设定依次被触发
// 即观察者会依次调用对应事件的复写方法从而响应事件
// 从而实现被观察者调用了观察者的回调方法 & 由被观察者向观察者的事件传递，即观察者模式
// 2. 在复写的subscribe（）里定义需要发送的事件
@Override
public void subscribe(ObservableEmitter emitter) throws Exception {
// 通过 ObservableEmitter类对象产生事件并通知观察者
// ObservableEmitter类介绍
// a. 定义：事件发射器
// b. 作用：定义需要发送的事件 & 向观察者发送事件
emitter.onNext(1);
emitter.onNext(2);
emitter.onNext(3);
emitter.onComplete();
}
});
<--扩展：RxJava 提供了其他方法用于 创建被观察者对象Observable -->
// 方法1：just(T...)：直接将传入的参数依次发送出来
Observable observable = Observable.just("A", "B", "C");
// 将会依次调用：
// onNext("A");
// onNext("B");
// onNext("C");
// onCompleted();
// 方法2：from(T[]) / from(Iterable) : 将传入的数组 / Iterable 拆分成具体对象后，依次发送出来
String[] words = {"A", "B", "C"};
Observable observable = Observable.from(words);
// 将会依次调用：
// onNext("A");
// onNext("B");
// onNext("C");
// onCompleted();
关于onComplete和onError唯一并且互斥这一点, 是需要自行在代码中进行控制, 如果你的代码逻辑中违背了这个规则, 并不一定会导致程序崩溃. 比如发送多个onComplete是可以正常运行的, 依然是收到第一个onComplete就不再接收了, 但若是发送多个onError, 则收到第二个onError事件会导致程序会崩溃.
- 创建观察者 （Observer ）并 定义响应事件的行为
- 即 开厨房 - 确定对应菜式
发生的事件类型包括：Next事件、Complete事件 & Error事件
具体实现:
- 即 开厨房 - 确定对应菜式
//方式1：采用Observer 接口 -- >
// 1. 创建观察者 （Observer ）对象
Observer observer = new Observer() {
// 2. 创建对象时通过对应复写对应事件方法 从而 响应对应事件
// 观察者接收事件前，默认最先调用复写 onSubscribe（）
@Override
public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接");
}
// 当被观察者生产Next事件 & 观察者接收到时，会调用该复写方法 进行响应
@Override
public void onNext(Integer value) {
Log.d(TAG, "对Next事件作出响应" + value);
}
// 当被观察者生产Error事件& 观察者接收到时，会调用该复写方法 进行响应
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应");
}
// 当被观察者生产Complete事件& 观察者接收到时，会调用该复写方法 进行响应
@Override
public void onComplete() {
Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应");
}
};
//方式2：采用Subscriber 抽象类 -- >
// 说明：Subscriber类 = RxJava 内置的一个实现了 Observer 的抽象类，对 Observer 接口进行了扩展
// 1. 创建观察者 （Observer ）对象
Subscriber subscriber = new Subscriber() {
// 2. 创建对象时通过对应复写对应事件方法 从而 响应对应事件
// 观察者接收事件前，默认最先调用复写 onSubscribe（）
@Override
public void onSubscribe(Subscription s) {
Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接");
}
// 当被观察者生产Next事件 & 观察者接收到时，会调用该复写方法 进行响应
@Override
public void onNext(Integer value) {
Log.d(TAG, "对Next事件作出响应" + value);
}
// 当被观察者生产Error事件& 观察者接收到时，会调用该复写方法 进行响应
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应");
}
// 当被观察者生产Complete事件& 观察者接收到时，会调用该复写方法 进行响应
@Override
public void onComplete() {
Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应");
}
};
//特别注意：2 种方法的区别，即Subscriber 抽象类与Observer 接口的区别-- >
// 相同点：二者基本使用方式完全一致（实质上，在RxJava的 subscribe 过程中，Observer总是会先被转换成Subscriber再使用）
// 不同点：Subscriber抽象类对 Observer 接口进行了扩展，新增了两个方法：
// 1. onStart()：在还未响应事件前调用，用于做一些初始化工作
// 2. unsubscribe()：用于取消订阅。在该方法被调用后，观察者将不再接收 & 响应事件
// 调用该方法前，先使用 isUnsubscribed() 判断状态，确定被观察者Observable是否还持有观察者Subscriber的引用，如果引用不能及时释放，就会出现内存泄露 - 通过订阅（Subscribe）连接观察者和被观察者
- 顾客找到服务员 - 点菜 - 服务员下单到厨房 - 厨房烹调
具体实现:
- 顾客找到服务员 - 点菜 - 服务员下单到厨房 - 厨房烹调
observable.subscribe(observer);
// 或者 observable.subscribe(subscriber)；
```
扩展说明：
```
<-- Observable.subscribe(Subscriber) 的内部实现 -->
public Subscription subscribe(Subscriber subscriber) {
subscriber.onStart();
// 步骤1中 观察者 subscriber抽象类复写的方法，用于初始化工作
onSubscribe.call(subscriber);
// 通过该调用，从而回调观察者中的对应方法从而响应被观察者生产的事件
// 从而实现被观察者调用了观察者的回调方法 & 由被观察者向观察者的事件传递，即观察者模式
// 同时也看出：Observable只是生产事件，真正的发送事件是在它被订阅的时候，即当 subscribe() 方法执行时
}基于事件流的链式调用
在实际应用中，会将上述步骤&代码连在一起，从而更加简洁、更加优雅，即所谓的 RxJava基于事件流的链式调用
// RxJava的链式操作
Observable.create(new ObservableOnSubscribe() {
// 1. 创建被观察者 & 生产事件
@Override
public void subscribe(ObservableEmitter emitter) throws Exception {
emitter.onNext(1);
emitter.onNext(2);
emitter.onNext(3);
emitter.onComplete();
}
}).subscribe(new Observer() {
// 2. 通过通过订阅（subscribe）连接观察者和被观察者
// 3. 创建观察者 & 定义响应事件的行为
@Override
public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接");
}
// 默认最先调用复写的 onSubscribe（）
@Override
public void onNext(Integer value) {
Log.d(TAG, "对Next事件"+ value +"作出响应" );
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应");
}
@Override
public void onComplete() {
Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应");
}
});
}
} 注意:整体方法调用顺序：观察者.onSubscribe（）> 被观察者.subscribe（）> 观察者.onNext（）>观察者.onComplete()
随着程序逻辑的复杂性提高，它依然能够保持简洁 & 优雅。所以，一般建议使用这种基于事件流的链式调用方式实现RxJava
RxJava 2.x 提供了多个函数式接口 ，用于实现简便式的观察者模式
以consumer为例，实现观察者模式
Observable.just("hello").subscribe(new Consumer() {
// 每次接收到Observable的事件都会调用Consumer.accept（）
@Override
public void accept(String s) throws Exception {
System.out.println(s);
}
}); 实际使用
使用分步实现
package com.paulniu.rxjavademo;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import org.reactivestreams.Subscriber;
import org.reactivestreams.Subscription;
import io.reactivex.Observable;
import io.reactivex.ObservableEmitter;
import io.reactivex.ObservableOnSubscribe;
import io.reactivex.Observer;
import io.reactivex.disposables.Disposable;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
public static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//1.创建观察者Observable对象
Observableobservable = Observable.create(new ObservableOnSubscribe() {
@Override
public void subscribe(ObservableEmitter e) throws Exception {
// 在复写的subscribe（）里定义需要发送的事件
// 通过 ObservableEmitter类对象产生事件并通知观察者
// ObservableEmitter类介绍
// a. 定义：事件发射器
// b. 作用：定义需要发送的事件 & 向观察者发送事件
e.onNext(1);
e.onNext(2);
e.onNext(3);
//完成发送
e.onComplete();
}
});
//2：创建观察者 Observer 并 定义响应事件行为
Observerobserver = new Observer() {
// 通过复写对应方法来 响应 被观察者
@Override
public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
// 默认最先调用复写的 onSubscribe（）
Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接");
}
@Override
public void onNext(Integer value) {
Log.d(TAG, "对Next事件"+ value +"作出响应" );
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应");
}
@Override
public void onComplete() {
Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应");
}
};
//3：通过订阅（subscribe）连接观察者和被观察者
observable.subscribe(observer);
}
} 实验结果：
基于事件流的链式调用方式
// RxJava的流式操作
Observable.create(new ObservableOnSubscribe() {
// 1. 创建被观察者 & 生产事件
@Override
public void subscribe(ObservableEmitter emitter) throws Exception {
emitter.onNext(1);
emitter.onNext(2);
emitter.onNext(3);
emitter.onComplete();
}
}).subscribe(new Observer() {
// 2. 通过通过订阅（subscribe）连接观察者和被观察者
// 3. 创建观察者 & 定义响应事件的行为
@Override
public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接");
}
// 默认最先调用复写的 onSubscribe（）
@Override
public void onNext(Integer value) {
Log.d(TAG, "对Next事件"+ value +"作出响应" );
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应");
}
@Override
public void onComplete() {
Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应");
}
}); 实现效果和上图一样
除了此之外，观察者Observer的subscribe()具有重载方法
public final Disposable subscribe() {}
// 表示观察者不对被观察者发送的事件作出任何响应（但被观察者还是可以继续发送事件）
public final Disposable subscribe(Consumersuper T> onNext) {}
// 表示观察者只对被观察者发送的Next事件作出响应
public final Disposable subscribe(Consumersuper T> onNext, Consumersuper Throwable> onError) {}
// 表示观察者只对被观察者发送的Next事件 & Error事件作出响应
public final Disposable subscribe(Consumersuper T> onNext, Consumersuper Throwable> onError, Action onComplete) {}
// 表示观察者只对被观察者发送的Next事件、Error事件 & Complete事件作出响应
public final Disposable subscribe(Consumersuper T> onNext, Consumersuper Throwable> onError, Action onComplete, Consumersuper Disposable> onSubscribe) {}
// 表示观察者只对被观察者发送的Next事件、Error事件 、Complete事件 & onSubscribe事件作出响应
public final void subscribe(Observersuper T> observer) {}
// 表示观察者对被观察者发送的任何事件都作出响应可采用 Disposable.dispose() 切断观察者 与 被观察者 之间的连接
即观察者 无法继续 接收 被观察者的事件，但被观察者还是可以继续发送事件
// 主要在观察者 Observer中 实现
Observer observer = new Observer() {
// 1. 定义Disposable类变量
private Disposable mDisposable;
@Override
public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接");
// 2. 对Disposable类变量赋值
mDisposable = d;
}
@Override
public void onNext(Integer value) {
Log.d(TAG, "对Next事件"+ value +"作出响应" );
if (value == 2) {
// 设置在接收到第二个事件后切断观察者和被观察者的连接
mDisposable.dispose();
Log.d(TAG, "已经切断了连接：" + mDisposable.isDisposed());
}
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应");
}
@Override
public void onComplete() {
Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应");
}
}; 运行结果
RxJava的操作符
作用：创建被观察者对象(Observable)和发送事件
基本创建
完整创建一个被观察者,同时也是创建被观察者对象最基本的操作符
create()
具体使用
/ **
* 1. 通过creat（）创建被观察者 Observable 对象
*/
Observable observable = Observable.create(new ObservableOnSubscribe() {
// 传入参数： OnSubscribe 对象
// 当 Observable 被订阅时，OnSubscribe 的 call() 方法会自动被调用，即事件序列就会依照设定依次被触发
// 即观察者会依次调用对应事件的复写方法从而响应事件
// 从而实现由被观察者向观察者的事件传递 & 被观察者调用了观察者的回调方法 ，即观察者模式
/ **
* 2. 在复写的subscribe（）里定义需要发送的事件
*/
@Override
public void subscribe(ObservableEmitter emitter) throws Exception {
// 通过 ObservableEmitter类对象 产生 & 发送事件
// ObservableEmitter类介绍
// a. 定义：事件发射器
// b. 作用：定义需要发送的事件 & 向观察者发送事件
// 注：建议发送事件前检查观察者的isUnsubscribed状态，以便在没有观察者时，让Observable停止发射数据
if (!observer.isUnsubscribed()) {
emitter.onNext(1);
emitter.onNext(2);
emitter.onNext(3);
}
emitter.onComplete();
}
});
// 至此，一个完整的被观察者对象（Observable）就创建完毕了。 但是在使用的时候一般采用链式方式
// 1. 通过creat（）创建被观察者对象
Observable.create(new ObservableOnSubscribe() {
// 2. 在复写的subscribe（）里定义需要发送的事件
@Override
public void subscribe(ObservableEmitter emitter) throws Exception {
emitter.onNext(1);
emitter.onNext(2);
emitter.onNext(3);
emitter.onComplete();
} // 至此，一个被观察者对象（Observable）就创建完毕
}).subscribe(new Observer() {
// 以下步骤仅为展示一个完整demo，可以忽略
// 3. 通过通过订阅（subscribe）连接观察者和被观察者
// 4. 创建观察者 & 定义响应事件的行为
@Override
public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接");
}
// 默认最先调用复写的 onSubscribe（）
@Override
public void onNext(Integer value) {
Log.d(TAG, "接收到了事件"+ value );
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应");
}
@Override
public void onComplete() {
Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应");
}
});
} 结果
just()
快速创建1个被观察者对象（Observable），直接发送 传入的事件
最多只能传10个参数
具体使用:
// 1. 创建时传入整型1、2、3、4
// 在创建后就会发送这些对象，相当于执行了onNext(1)、onNext(2)、onNext(3)、onNext(4)
Observable.just(1, 2, 3,4)
// 至此，一个Observable对象创建完毕，以下步骤仅为展示一个完整demo，可以忽略
// 2. 通过通过订阅（subscribe）连接观察者和被观察者
// 3. 创建观察者 & 定义响应事件的行为
.subscribe(new Observer() {
@Override
public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接");
}
// 默认最先调用复写的 onSubscribe（）
@Override
public void onNext(Integer value) {
Log.d(TAG, "接收到了事件"+ value );
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应");
}
@Override
public void onComplete() {
Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应");
}
});
} 结果:
fromArray()
快速创建1个被观察者对象（Observable）,直接发送 传入的数组数据
会将数组中的数据转换为Observable对象
具体使用：
// 1. 设置需要传入的数组
Integer[] items = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 };
// 2. 创建被观察者对象（Observable）时传入数组
// 在创建后就会将该数组转换成Observable & 发送该对象中的所有数据
Observable.fromArray(items)
.subscribe(new Observer() {
@Override
public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接");
}
@Override
public void onNext(Integer value) {
Log.d(TAG, "接收到了事件"+ value );
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应");
}
@Override
public void onComplete() {
Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应");
}
});
}
// 注：
// 可发送10个以上参数
// 若直接传递一个list集合进去，否则会直接把list当做一个数据元素发送
/*
* 数组遍历
**/
// 1. 设置需要传入的数组
Integer[] items = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 };
// 2. 创建被观察者对象（Observable）时传入数组
// 在创建后就会将该数组转换成Observable & 发送该对象中的所有数据
Observable.fromArray(items)
.subscribe(new Observer() {
@Override
public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
Log.d(TAG, "数组遍历");
}
@Override
public void onNext(Integer value) {
Log.d(TAG, "数组中的元素 = "+ value );
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应");
}
@Override
public void onComplete() {
Log.d(TAG, "遍历结束");
}
}); 结果：
fromIterable()
快速创建1个被观察者对象（Observable）,直接发送 传入的集合List数据
会将数组中的数据转换为Observable对象
具体实现
/*
* 快速发送集合
**/
// 1. 设置一个集合
List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add(1);
list.add(2);
list.add(3);
// 2. 通过fromIterable()将集合中的对象 / 数据发送出去
Observable.fromIterable(list)
.subscribe(new Observer<Integer>() {
@Override
public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接");
}
@Override
public void onNext(Integer value) {
Log.d(TAG, "接收到了事件"+ value );
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应");
}
@Override
public void onComplete() {
Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应");
}
});
/*
* 集合遍历
**/
// 1. 设置一个集合
List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add(1);
list.add(2);
list.add(3);
// 2. 通过fromIterable()将集合中的对象 / 数据发送出去
Observable.fromIterable(list)
.subscribe(new Observer<Integer>() {
@Override
public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
Log.d(TAG, "集合遍历");
}
@Override
public void onNext(Integer value) {
Log.d(TAG, "集合中的数据元素 = "+ value );
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应");
}
@Override
public void onComplete() {
Log.d(TAG, "遍历结束");
}
});结果：
其他
// 下列方法一般用于测试使用
<-- empty() -->
// 该方法创建的被观察者对象发送事件的特点：仅发送Complete事件，直接通知完成
Observable observable1=Observable.empty();
// 即观察者接收后会直接调用onCompleted（）
<-- error() -->
// 该方法创建的被观察者对象发送事件的特点：仅发送Error事件，直接通知异常
// 可自定义异常
Observable observable2=Observable.error(new RuntimeException())
// 即观察者接收后会直接调用onError（）
<-- never() -->
// 该方法创建的被观察者对象发送事件的特点：不发送任何事件
Observable observable3=Observable.never();
// 即观察者接收后什么都不调用延迟创建
使用场景:
1. 定时操作：在经过了x秒后，需要自动执行y操作
2. 周期性操作：每隔x秒后，需要自动执行y操作
defer()
作用： 直到有观察者（Observer ）订阅时，才动态创建被观察者对象（Observable） & 发送事件
- 通过 Observable工厂方法创建被观察者对象（Observable）
- 每次订阅后，都会得到一个刚创建的最新的Observable对象，这可以确保Observable对象里的数据是最新的
具体使用：
<-- 1. 第1次对i赋值 ->>
Integer i = 10;
// 2. 通过defer 定义被观察者对象
// 注：此时被观察者对象还没创建
Observable<Integer> observable = Observable.defer(new Callable<ObservableSource extends Integer>>() {
@Override
public ObservableSource extends Integer> call() throws Exception {
return Observable.just(i);
}
});
<-- 2. 第2次对i赋值 ->>
i = 15;
<-- 3. 观察者开始订阅 ->>
// 注：此时，才会调用defer（）创建被观察者对象（Observable）
observable.subscribe(new Observer<Integer>() {
@Override
public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接");
}
@Override
public void onNext(Integer value) {
Log.d(TAG, "接收到的整数是"+ value );
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应");
}
@Override
public void onComplete() {
Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应");
}
});结果：
因为是在订阅时才创建，所以i值会取第2次的赋值
timer()
- 快速创建1个被观察者对象（Observable）
- 发送事件的特点：延迟指定时间后，发送1个数值0（Long类型）
本质 = 延迟指定时间后，调用一次 onNext(0)
具体使用:
// 该例子 = 延迟2s后，发送一个long类型数值
Observable.timer(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.subscribe(new Observer() {
@Override
public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接");
}
@Override
public void onNext(Long value) {
Log.d(TAG, "接收到了事件"+ value );
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应");
}
@Override
public void onComplete() {
Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应");
}
});
// 注：timer操作符默认运行在一个新线程上
// 也可自定义线程调度器（第3个参数）：timer(long,TimeUnit,Scheduler) 结果
interval()
- 快速创建1个被观察者对象（Observable）
- 发送事件的特点：每隔指定时间 就发送 事件
发送的事件序列 = 从0开始、无限递增1的的整数序列
具体实现
// 参数说明：
// 参数1 = 第1次延迟时间；
// 参数2 = 间隔时间数字；
// 参数3 = 时间单位；
Observable.interval(3,1,TimeUnit.SECONDS)
// 该例子发送的事件序列特点：延迟3s后发送事件，每隔1秒产生1个数字（从0开始递增1，无限个）
.subscribe(new Observer() {
@Override
public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接");
}
// 默认最先调用复写的 onSubscribe（）
@Override
public void onNext(Long value) {
Log.d(TAG, "接收到了事件"+ value );
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应");
}
@Override
public void onComplete() {
Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应");
}
});
// 注：interval默认在computation调度器上执行
// 也可自定义指定线程调度器（第3个参数）：interval(long,TimeUnit,Scheduler) 结果：
intervalRange()
- 快速创建1个被观察者对象（Observable）
- 发送事件的特点：每隔指定时间 就发送 事件，可指定发送的数据的数量
a. 发送的事件序列 = 从0开始、无限递增1的的整数序列
b. 作用类似于interval（），但可指定发送的数据的数量
具体实现
// 参数说明：
// 参数1 = 事件序列起始点；
// 参数2 = 事件数量；
// 参数3 = 第1次事件延迟发送时间；
// 参数4 = 间隔时间数字；
// 参数5 = 时间单位
Observable.intervalRange(3,10,2, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
// 该例子发送的事件序列特点：
// 1. 从3开始，一共发送10个事件；
// 2. 第1次延迟2s发送，之后每隔2秒产生1个数字（从0开始递增1，无限个）
.subscribe(new Observer() {
@Override
public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接");
}
// 默认最先调用复写的 onSubscribe（）
@Override
public void onNext(Long value) {
Log.d(TAG, "接收到了事件"+ value );
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应");
}
@Override
public void onComplete() {
Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应");
}
});
结果：
range()
- 快速创建1个被观察者对象（Observable）
- 发送事件的特点：连续发送 1个事件序列，可指定范围
a. 发送的事件序列 = 从0开始、无限递增1的的整数序列
b. 作用类似于intervalRange（），但区别在于：无延迟发送事件
具体实现：
// 参数说明：
// 参数1 = 事件序列起始点；
// 参数2 = 事件数量；
// 注：若设置为负数，则会抛出异常
Observable.range(3,10)
// 该例子发送的事件序列特点：从3开始发送，每次发送事件递增1，一共发送10个事件
.subscribe(new Observer() {
@Override
public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接");
}
// 默认最先调用复写的 onSubscribe（）
@Override
public void onNext(Integer value) {
Log.d(TAG, "接收到了事件"+ value );
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应");
}
@Override
public void onComplete() {
Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应");
}
});
结果：
rangeLong()
- 作用：类似于range（），区别在于该方法支持数据类型 = Long
- 具体使用与range（）类似，此处不作过多描述
最后的总结：
一个例子：
1. 添加依赖
// Android 支持 Rxjava
// 此处一定要注意使用RxJava2的版本
compile 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.0.1'
compile 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:2.0.1'
// Android 支持 Retrofit
compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.1.0'
// 衔接 Retrofit & RxJava
// 此处一定要注意使用RxJava2的版本
compile 'com.jakewharton.retrofit:retrofit2-rxjava2-adapter:1.0.0'
// 支持Gson解析
compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.1.0'
compile 'com.orhanobut:logger:2.1.1'- 创建实体类
package com.paulniu.rxjavademo;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by niupule on 2017/12/30.
*/
public class MovieBean {
/**
* count : 20
* start : 0
* total : 25
* subjects : 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& 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* title : 正在上映的电影-北京
*/
private int count;
private int start;
private int total;
private String title;
private List subjects;
public int getCount() {
return count;
}
public void setCount(int count) {
this.count = count;
}
public int getStart() {
return start;
}
public void setStart(int start) {
this.start = start;
}
public int getTotal() {
return total;
}
public void setTotal(int total) {
this.total = total;
}
public String getTitle() {
return title;
}
public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}
public List getSubjects() {
return subjects;
}
public void setSubjects(List subjects) {
this.subjects = subjects;
}
public static class SubjectsBean {
/**
* rating : {"max":10,"average":4.9,"stars":"25","min":0}
* genres : ["喜剧"]
* title : 妖铃铃
* casts : [{"alt":"https://movie.douban.com/celebrity/1127819/","avatars":{"small":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp","large":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp","medium":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp"},"name":"吴君如","id":"1127819"},{"alt":"https://movie.douban.com/celebrity/1325700/","avatars":{"small":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p1356510694.28.webp","large":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p1356510694.28.webp","medium":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p1356510694.28.webp"},"name":"沈腾","id":"1325700"},{"alt":"https://movie.douban.com/celebrity/1317663/","avatars":{"small":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p40756.webp","large":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p40756.webp","medium":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p40756.webp"},"name":"岳云鹏","id":"1317663"}]
* collect_count : 10595
* original_title : 妖铃铃
* subtype : movie
* directors : [{"alt":"https://movie.douban.com/celebrity/1127819/","avatars":{"small":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp","large":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp","medium":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp"},"name":"吴君如","id":"1127819"}]
* year : 2017
* images : {"small":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2506825662.webp","large":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2506825662.webp","medium":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2506825662.webp"}
* alt : https://movie.douban.com/subject/26966580/
* id : 26966580
*/
private RatingBean rating;
private String title;
private int collect_count;
private String original_title;
private String subtype;
private String year;
private ImagesBean images;
private String alt;
private String id;
private List genres;
private List casts;
private List directors;
public RatingBean getRating() {
return rating;
}
public void setRating(RatingBean rating) {
this.rating = rating;
}
public String getTitle() {
return title;
}
public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}
public int getCollect_count() {
return collect_count;
}
public void setCollect_count(int collect_count) {
this.collect_count = collect_count;
}
public String getOriginal_title() {
return original_title;
}
public void setOriginal_title(String original_title) {
this.original_title = original_title;
}
public String getSubtype() {
return subtype;
}
public void setSubtype(String subtype) {
this.subtype = subtype;
}
public String getYear() {
return year;
}
public void setYear(String year) {
this.year = year;
}
public ImagesBean getImages() {
return images;
}
public void setImages(ImagesBean images) {
this.images = images;
}
public String getAlt() {
return alt;
}
public void setAlt(String alt) {
this.alt = alt;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public List getGenres() {
return genres;
}
public void setGenres(List genres) {
this.genres = genres;
}
public List getCasts() {
return casts;
}
public void setCasts(List casts) {
this.casts = casts;
}
public List getDirectors() {
return directors;
}
public void setDirectors(List directors) {
this.directors = directors;
}
public static class RatingBean {
/**
* max : 10
* average : 4.9
* stars : 25
* min : 0
*/
private int max;
private double average;
private String stars;
private int min;
public int getMax() {
return max;
}
public void setMax(int max) {
this.max = max;
}
public double getAverage() {
return average;
}
public void setAverage(double average) {
this.average = average;
}
public String getStars() {
return stars;
}
public void setStars(String stars) {
this.stars = stars;
}
public int getMin() {
return min;
}
public void setMin(int min) {
this.min = min;
}
}
public static class ImagesBean {
/**
* small : https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2506825662.webp
* large : https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2506825662.webp
* medium : https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2506825662.webp
*/
private String small;
private String large;
private String medium;
public String getSmall() {
return small;
}
public void setSmall(String small) {
this.small = small;
}
public String getLarge() {
return large;
}
public void setLarge(String large) {
this.large = large;
}
public String getMedium() {
return medium;
}
public void setMedium(String medium) {
this.medium = medium;
}
}
public static class CastsBean {
/**
* alt : https://movie.douban.com/celebrity/1127819/
* avatars : {"small":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp","large":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp","medium":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp"}
* name : 吴君如
* id : 1127819
*/
private String alt;
private AvatarsBean avatars;
private String name;
private String id;
public String getAlt() {
return alt;
}
public void setAlt(String alt) {
this.alt = alt;
}
public AvatarsBean getAvatars() {
return avatars;
}
public void setAvatars(AvatarsBean avatars) {
this.avatars = avatars;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public static class AvatarsBean {
/**
* small : https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp
* large : https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp
* medium : https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp
*/
private String small;
private String large;
private String medium;
public String getSmall() {
return small;
}
public void setSmall(String small) {
this.small = small;
}
public String getLarge() {
return large;
}
public void setLarge(String large) {
this.large = large;
}
public String getMedium() {
return medium;
}
public void setMedium(String medium) {
this.medium = medium;
}
}
}
public static class DirectorsBean {
/**
* alt : https://movie.douban.com/celebrity/1127819/
* avatars : {"small":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp","large":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp","medium":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp"}
* name : 吴君如
* id : 1127819
*/
private String alt;
private AvatarsBeanX avatars;
private String name;
private String id;
public String getAlt() {
return alt;
}
public void setAlt(String alt) {
this.alt = alt;
}
public AvatarsBeanX getAvatars() {
return avatars;
}
public void setAvatars(AvatarsBeanX avatars) {
this.avatars = avatars;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public static class AvatarsBeanX {
/**
* small : https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp
* large : https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp
* medium : https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp
*/
private String small;
private String large;
private String medium;
public String getSmall() {
return small;
}
public void setSmall(String small) {
this.small = small;
}
public String getLarge() {
return large;
}
public void setLarge(String large) {
this.large = large;
}
public String getMedium() {
return medium;
}
public void setMedium(String medium) {
this.medium = medium;
}
}
}
}
} 使用的是豆瓣电影API，直接用Gsonformat，内容比较多
3. 创建描述网络请求的接口
package com.paulniu.rxjavademo;
import io.reactivex.Observable;
import retrofit2.http.GET;
/**
* Created by niupule on 2017/12/30.
*/
public interface GerRequest_Interface {
@GET("v2/movie/in_theaters")
Observable getCall();
// 注解里传入 网络请求 的部分URL地址
// Retrofit把网络请求的URL分成了两部分：一部分放在Retrofit对象里，另一部分放在网络请求接口里
// 如果接口里的url是一个完整的网址，那么放在Retrofit对象里的URL可以忽略
// 采用Observable<...>接口
// getCall()是接受网络请求数据的方法
} - 在Activity中实现
package com.paulniu.rxjavademo;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.ListView;
import com.jakewharton.retrofit2.adapter.rxjava2.RxJava2CallAdapterFactory;
import com.orhanobut.logger.AndroidLogAdapter;
import com.orhanobut.logger.Logger;
import io.reactivex.Observable;
import io.reactivex.ObservableEmitter;
import io.reactivex.ObservableOnSubscribe;
import io.reactivex.Observer;
import io.reactivex.Scheduler;
import io.reactivex.android.schedulers.AndroidSchedulers;
import io.reactivex.disposables.Disposable;
import io.reactivex.functions.Consumer;
import io.reactivex.schedulers.Schedulers;
import retrofit2.Retrofit;
import retrofit2.converter.gson.GsonConverterFactory;
/**
* Created by niupule on 2017/12/30.
*/
public class RxJava_Douban extends Activity {
private ListView listview;
public static final String TAG = "RxJava_Douban";
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.rxjava_douban);
listview = findViewById(R.id.listview);
Logger.addLogAdapter(new AndroidLogAdapter());
getData();
}
private void getData() {
/**
* 通过RxJava发送网络请求
*/
Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
.baseUrl("https://api.douban.com/")
.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
.addCallAdapterFactory(RxJava2CallAdapterFactory.create())
.build();
GerRequest_Interface request = retrofit.create(GerRequest_Interface.class);
Observable call = request.getCall();
call.subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
.observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
.subscribe(new Observer() {
@Override
public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
}
@Override
public void onNext(MovieBean value) {
//获取服务器返回数据
Logger.d("hello");
Logger.d(value.getSubjects().size());
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
}
@Override
public void onComplete() {
}
});
}
} 暂时先写这么多，后面关于别的内容，以后再补充
代码实例
参考资料
轻易&易懂的RxJava入门
RxJava基础操作符-创建操作符
给初学者的RxJava教程
功能强大的Logger
[RxJava中文文档]
(https://mcxiaoke.gitbooks.io/rxdocs/content/)