介词

分类

按形式分
单个介词 合成介词 分词介词 短语介词

按词义分
地点介词 方向介词 时间介词 方式介词 涉及介词 目的介词 原因介词 比较介词 伴随介词

作用

1. 作定语：在介词之前有个被修饰的名词，翻译为“的”
   a meeting in the morning
   the road to success

2. 作状语，没有被修饰的名词，即通常所说的介词短语作地点状语，介词短语作方式状语，介词短语作原因状语
   As a teacher, she is responsible for her students.

3. 作表语(be动词 / 感官动词 后)
   The waiter is in a good mood.

4. 作补语(对宾语的补充说明)
   He worked as a consultant

含义

借个图来理解下常用介词含义

辨析

1. in / on / at
表时间
in:表示在一段时间里；在将来时表示在一段时间之后
on:表示具体某一天
He was born on the morning of May 10th
at:表示某个时刻 / 瞬间
I usually get up at 7:00 in the morning

表地点
in:在某个范围之内

on:在某个平面上或与一个面相接触
His glasses are right on his nose

at:表示在某个具体的场所或地点
He is at the cinema at the moment

2. after / in

• after + 具体时刻 / 从句 在…时刻之后，一般时态
  He said that he would be here after 6:00

• in + 一段时间 在(多久)之后，将来时态
  My father is coming back from England in about a month.

**3. since / for **

• since + 具体时刻 从…起一直到现在
  Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970

• for + 一段时间 长达…之久
  Uncle Li has worked in this factory for 30 years.

4. by / in / with

• by：搭乘交通工具；以…方式；被动句执行者
  Let’s go to the zoo by taxi.
• in：使用某语言/文字
  Answer my question in English.
• with：使用某工具/手段
  We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.

5. through / across / over

• through：穿过…(门洞 / 人群 / 树林，内部穿过)
  The visitors went through a big gate into another park.
• across / over：表示跨越(街道 / 河流)时，可互换
  表示翻过…(墙 / 山)只能用over
  There is a bridge across / over the river
  The climbed over the mountain and arrived there ahead of time.

6. as / like

• as：作为…专业、职务、身份、作用等事实
  Let me speak to you as a father(作为父亲，事实确实是自己的父亲)
• like：像…一样，只表面像，非事实
  Let me speak to you like a father(像父亲一样，事实并不是自己的父亲)

7. at the end of / by the end of / to the end / in the end

• at the end of…：既可表时间"…末"，也可表地点"…尽头"；常用过去时
  At the end of last term we had learned 16 units of Book III.
  They left for Beijing at the end of last week.
• by the end of…： 表"(时间)…末"；常用完成时
  By the end of the road you can find a big white house with brown windows.
• in the end / at last：基本等义，表"终于，最后"；常用过去时
  In the end he succeeded in the final exams.
• to the end： “到…为止(到…的终点)”
  We should go on with the work to the end.

8. for a moment / for the moment / in a moment / at the moment

• for a moment：“一会儿，片刻”=for a while，常与持续性动词连用
  Please wait for a moment. 等一会儿
• for the moment：“暂时，目前”=at present，常用现在时
  Let’s leave things as they are for the moment.
• in a moment：“一会儿，立即，马上”=soon;in a few minutes，用将来时
  I’ll come back in a moment.
• at the moment：“此刻，眼下”=now，用现在进行时
  I am very busy at the moment(now).

9. in front of / in the front of

• in front of：在…前面(外部的前方)
  A car was parking in front of the hall.
• in the front of：在…的前部(内部的前方)
  In the front of the hall stood a big desk (桌子在大厅内部靠前位置)

10. except / besides

• except：除了(真不包含)
  Everyone went to the Palace Museum except Tom (中间不包含Tom)
• besides：除了(包含其中)
  Besides Chinese he also studied many other subjects.(除汉语但不止局限于汉语)

搭配