Android热点连接管理（一）
手机上的wifi功能，多半都被当做客户端在使用。当做热点共享网络时的场景比较少。
最近做一个尝试，将所有试图连接到Android便携热点的客户端的信息，通过底层一直上报上来，最终增加API供上层应用调用。
在原生的Android代码中，其实已经有一个WifiDevice类来表示当前连接至wifi热点的客户端信息，我们先来看一下这个类是怎样定义的。
/**
* Describes information about a detected Wi-Fi STA.
* {@hide}
*/
public class WifiDevice implements Parcelable {
/**
* The device MAC address is the unique id of a Wi-Fi STA
*/
public String deviceAddress = "";
/**
* The device name is a readable string of a Wi-Fi STA
*/
public String deviceName = "";
/**
* The device state is the state of a Wi-Fi STA
*/
public int deviceState = 0;
/**
* These definitions are for deviceState
*/
public static final int DISCONNECTED = 0;
public static final int CONNECTED = 1;
public static final int BLACKLISTED = 2;
private static final String AP_STA_CONNECTED_STR = "AP-STA-CONNECTED";
private static final String AP_STA_DISCONNECTED_STR = "AP-STA-DISCONNECTED";
private static final String AP_STA_REPORT_STR = "AP-STA-REPORT";
/** {@hide} */
public WifiDevice() {}
/**
* @param string formats supported include
*
* AP-STA-CONNECTED 42:fc:89:a8:96:09
* AP-STA-DISCONNECTED 42:fc:89:a8:96:09
*
* Note: The events formats can be looked up in the hostapd code
* @hide
*/
public WifiDevice(String dataString) throws IllegalArgumentException {
String[] tokens = dataString.split(" ");
if (tokens.length < 2) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
}
if (tokens[0].indexOf(AP_STA_CONNECTED_STR) != -1) {
deviceState = CONNECTED;
} else if (tokens[0].indexOf(AP_STA_DISCONNECTED_STR) != -1) {
deviceState = DISCONNECTED;
}else if (tokens[0].indexOf(AP_STA_REPORT_STR) != -1) {
deviceState = BLACKLISTED;
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
}
deviceAddress = tokens[1];
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (obj == null || !(obj instanceof WifiDevice)) {
return false;
}
WifiDevice other = (WifiDevice) obj;
if (deviceAddress == null) {
return (other.deviceAddress == null);
} else {
return deviceAddress.equals(other.deviceAddress);
}
}
/** Implement the Parcelable interface {@hide} */
public int describeContents() {
return 0;
}
/** Implement the Parcelable interface {@hide} */
public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
dest.writeString(deviceAddress);
dest.writeString(deviceName);
dest.writeInt(deviceState);
}
/** Implement the Parcelable interface {@hide} */
public static final Creator CREATOR =
new Creator() {
public WifiDevice createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
WifiDevice device = new WifiDevice();
device.deviceAddress = in.readString();
device.deviceName = in.readString();
device.deviceState = in.readInt();
return device;
}
public WifiDevice[] newArray(int size) {
return new WifiDevice[size];
}
};
}
比起其他复杂的类来说，WifiDevice.java非常简单，只有几个成员变量和方法。 它代表一个接入到wifi热点的客户端的信息，其中包括了客户端的MAC地址，主机名和接入状态。
一般情况下，我们需要的客户端信息也就是这几个内容了。
不过有一个问题，WifiDevice只能表示已经正常接入热点的客户端，而那些曾经试图连接热点，但是并没有连接成功的客户端呢（比如由于密码错误而连接失败的）？如果我们
希望能得到周边所有曾经和热点发生过关系（！？）的客户端的信息呢？如何获取这写信息呢？
先抛开以上的问题，我们先来了解一下，正常接入的客户端是如何获取它的信息的。那先得看一下Tethering.java（\frameworks\base\services\core\java\com\android\server\connectivity\Tethering.java）
tether这个词意思是拴绳，拴住的意思，这里可以理解成是分享的意思，比如 WIFI_TETHERING(用WIFI分享网路), USB_TETHERING（用USB分享网络）。仔细阅读Tethering中的代码，可以看到，这个类主要就是
为网络共享服务的，其中包括USB共享，蓝牙共享和wifi共享。直接说Tethering，其实是跳过了connectivityservice的，上层获取客户端信息，其实是通过ConnectivityManager调用ConnectivityService的方法，最终
调用到Tethering的 getTetherConnectedSta() 方法。
public List getTetherConnectedSta() {
Iterator it;
List TetherConnectedStaList = new ArrayList();
if (mContext.getResources().getBoolean(com.android.internal.R.bool.config_softap_extention)) {
it = mConnectedDeviceMap.keySet().iterator();
while(it.hasNext()) {
String key = (String)it.next();
WifiDevice device = (WifiDevice)mConnectedDeviceMap.get(key);
if (VDBG) {
Log.d(TAG, "getTetherConnectedSta: addr=" + key + " name=" + device.deviceName);
}
TetherConnectedStaList.add(device);
}
}
return TetherConnectedStaList;
} 仔细看下，无非是在Tethering中定义了一个mConnectedDeviceMap成员，专门用来存放接入的客户端信息，以下是定义
private HashMap
有两个地方更新了这个HashMap。其实两个地方都是 一样的，一个是已经保存这个设备的IP信息的，另一个是如果没有保存过，则先启动一个DnsmasqThread线程，给客户端分配IP后，
再讲这个WifiDevice保存在HashMap中。总体来说就是在第一个方法interfaceMessageRecevied(String message)中保存了接入的客户端信息。
1.
private static class DnsmasqThread extends Thread {
private final Tethering mTethering;
private int mInterval;
private int mMaxTimes;
private WifiDevice mDevice;
public DnsmasqThread(Tethering tethering, WifiDevice device,
int interval, int maxTimes) {
super("Tethering");
mTethering = tethering;
mInterval = interval;
mMaxTimes = maxTimes;
mDevice = device;
}
public void run() {
boolean result = false;
try {
while (mMaxTimes > 0) {
result = mTethering.readDeviceInfoFromDnsmasq(mDevice);
if (result) {
if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Successfully poll device info for " + mDevice.deviceAddress);
break;
}
mMaxTimes --;
Thread.sleep(mInterval);
}
} catch (Exception ex) {
result = false;
Log.e(TAG, "Pulling " + mDevice.deviceAddress + "error" + ex);
}
if (!result) {
if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Pulling timeout, suppose STA uses static ip " + mDevice.deviceAddress);
}
// When STA uses static ip, device info will be unavaiable from dnsmasq,
// thus no matter the result is success or failure, we will broadcast the event.
// But if the device is not in L2 connected state, it means the hostapd connection is
// disconnected before dnsmasq get device info, so in this case, don't broadcast
// connection event.
WifiDevice other = mTethering.mL2ConnectedDeviceMap.get(mDevice.deviceAddress);
if (other != null && other.deviceState == WifiDevice.CONNECTED) {
mTethering.mConnectedDeviceMap.put(mDevice.deviceAddress, mDevice);
mTethering.sendTetherConnectStateChangedBroadcast();
} else {
if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Device " + mDevice.deviceAddress + "already disconnected, ignoring");
}
}
}
2.
public void interfaceMessageRecevied(String message) {
// if softap extension feature not enabled, do nothing
if (!mContext.getResources().getBoolean(com.android.internal.R.bool.config_softap_extention)) {
return;
}
if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "interfaceMessageRecevied: message=" + message);
try {
WifiDevice device = new WifiDevice(message);
if (device.deviceState == WifiDevice.CONNECTED) {
mL2ConnectedDeviceMap.put(device.deviceAddress, device);
// When hostapd reported STA-connection event, it is possible that device
// info can't fetched from dnsmasq, then we start a thread to poll the
// device info, the thread will exit after device info avaiable.
// For static ip case, dnsmasq don't hold the device info, thus thread
// will exit after a timeout.
if (readDeviceInfoFromDnsmasq(device)) {
mConnectedDeviceMap.put(device.deviceAddress, device);
sendTetherConnectStateChangedBroadcast();
} else {
if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Starting poll device info for " + device.deviceAddress);
new DnsmasqThread(this, device,
DNSMASQ_POLLING_INTERVAL, DNSMASQ_POLLING_MAX_TIMES).start();
}
} else if (device.deviceState == WifiDevice.DISCONNECTED) {
mL2ConnectedDeviceMap.remove(device.deviceAddress);
mConnectedDeviceMap.remove(device.deviceAddress);
sendTetherConnectStateChangedBroadcast();interfaceMessageRecevied(String message)中，很明显是入参message中携带了客户端信息，这个信息由谁发送，看一下它的调用关系。NetworkManagementService.java中的
notifyInterfaceMessage(String message)调用了它。
/**
* Notify our observers of a change in the data activity state of the interface
*/
private void notifyInterfaceMessage(String message) {
final int length = mObservers.beginBroadcast();
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
try {
mObservers.getBroadcastItem(i).interfaceMessageRecevied(message);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
}
}
mObservers.finishBroadcast();
}而它的上一级调用关系是在NetworkManagementService中的NetdCallbackReceiver接收到Event事件后，根据事件的类型来逐个处理的。
case NetdResponseCode.InterfaceMessage:
/*
* An message arrived in network interface.
* Format: "NNN IfaceMessage <3>AP-STA-CONNECTED 00:08:22:64:9d:84
*/
if (cooked.length < 3 || !cooked[1].equals("IfaceMessage")) {
throw new IllegalStateException(errorMessage);
}
Slog.d(TAG, "onEvent: "+ raw);
if(cooked[4] != null) {
notifyInterfaceMessage(cooked[3] + " " + cooked[4]);
} else {
notifyInterfaceMessage(cooked[3]);
}
return true;
// break;
看上面，是接收到InterfaceMessage消息后，进行了消息处理，消息格式应该是注释中的格式“NNN IfaceMessage <3>AP-STA-CONNECTED 00:08:22:64:9d:84”，
InterfaceMessage消息又是从何而来呢？
这块直接跳到HAL层了，Netd进程，不知道你是否有所了解，我之前也小小研究过一下，不过仅限于使用，因为之前做过Android系统的数据卡，启动软AP时，都是直接
使用Netd和Softap等命令了，很好用。不过 没有更深入的了解,，后面有机会再好好学习一下。此处消息的传递，就是，来源于softapcontroller。
void *SoftapController::threadStart(void *obj){
SoftapController *me = reinterpret_cast(obj);
struct wpa_ctrl *ctrl;
int count = 0;
ALOGD("SoftapController::threadStart...");
DIR *dir = NULL;
dir = opendir(HOSTAPD_SOCKETS_DIR);
if (NULL == dir && errno == ENOENT) {
mkdir(HOSTAPD_SOCKETS_DIR, S_IRWXU|S_IRWXG|S_IRWXO);
chown(HOSTAPD_SOCKETS_DIR, AID_WIFI, AID_WIFI);
chmod(HOSTAPD_SOCKETS_DIR, S_IRWXU|S_IRWXG);
} else {
if (dir != NULL) { /* Directory already exists */
ALOGD("%s already exists", HOSTAPD_SOCKETS_DIR);
closedir(dir);
}
if (errno == EACCES)
ALOGE("Cant open %s , check permissions ", HOSTAPD_SOCKETS_DIR);
}
chmod(HOSTAPD_DHCP_DIR, S_IRWXU|S_IRWXG|S_IRWXO);
ctrl = wpa_ctrl_open(HOSTAPD_UNIX_FILE);
while (ctrl == NULL) {
/*
* Try to connect to hostapd via wpa_ctrl interface.
* During conneciton process, it is possible that hostapd
* has station connected to it.
* Set sleep time to a appropriate value to lower the
* ratio that miss the STA-CONNECTED msg from hostapd
*/
usleep(20000);
ctrl = wpa_ctrl_open(HOSTAPD_UNIX_FILE);
if (ctrl != NULL || count >= 150) {
break;
}
count ++;
}
if (count == 150 && ctrl == NULL) {
ALOGE("Connection to hostapd Error.");
return NULL;
}
if (wpa_ctrl_attach(ctrl) != 0) {
wpa_ctrl_close(ctrl);
ALOGE("Attach to hostapd Error.");
return NULL;
}
while(me->mHostapdFlag) {
int res = 0;
char buf[256];
char dest_str[300];
while (wpa_ctrl_pending(ctrl)) {
size_t len = sizeof(buf) - 1;
res = wpa_ctrl_recv(ctrl, buf, &len);
if (res == 0) {
buf[len] = '\0';
ALOGD("Get event from hostapd (%s)", buf);
memset(dest_str, 0x0, sizeof(dest_str));
snprintf(dest_str, sizeof(dest_str), "IfaceMessage active %s", buf);
me->mSpsl->sendBroadcast(ResponseCode::InterfaceMessage, dest_str, false);
} else {
break;
}
}
if (res < 0) {
break;
}
sleep(2);
}
wpa_ctrl_detach(ctrl);
wpa_ctrl_close(ctrl);
return NULL;
} 消息中所携带的字符串保存在"dest_str"中。如果你抓取一个logcat的log，就可以看到消息字符串的格式为“IfaceMessage active <3>AP-STA-CONNECTED 00:0a:f5:8a:be:58”，
可以和前面讲的消息格式对应上。
再往前追溯一下，softapcontroller的消息来自于hostapd, （ps. hostapd的知识又是一个比较大的分支了，此处略去，可以把它理解成驱动和上层承上启下的一个枢纽，它可以接收
来自wifi驱动的底层消息，处理后分门别类的通知给上层）。其他的不多说，消息是从sta_info.c中的ap_sta_set_authorized(struct hostapd_data *hapd, struct sta_info *sta, int authorized)
发出的。这里面主要是发送connect和disconnect消息的，如果sta->flags & WLAN_STA_AUTHORIZED，就是说如果鉴权过了话，就发送connect, 没有过就发送disconnect消息。
void ap_sta_set_authorized(struct hostapd_data *hapd, struct sta_info *sta,
int authorized)
{
const u8 *dev_addr = NULL;
char buf[100];
#ifdef CONFIG_P2P
u8 addr[ETH_ALEN];
#endif /* CONFIG_P2P */
if (!!authorized == !!(sta->flags & WLAN_STA_AUTHORIZED))
return;
#ifdef CONFIG_P2P
if (hapd->p2p_group == NULL) {
if (sta->p2p_ie != NULL &&
p2p_parse_dev_addr_in_p2p_ie(sta->p2p_ie, addr) == 0)
dev_addr = addr;
} else
dev_addr = p2p_group_get_dev_addr(hapd->p2p_group, sta->addr);
#endif /* CONFIG_P2P */
if (dev_addr)
os_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), MACSTR " p2p_dev_addr=" MACSTR,
MAC2STR(sta->addr), MAC2STR(dev_addr));
else
os_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), MACSTR, MAC2STR(sta->addr));
if (authorized) {
wpa_msg(hapd->msg_ctx, MSG_INFO, AP_STA_CONNECTED "%s", buf);
if (hapd->msg_ctx_parent &&
hapd->msg_ctx_parent != hapd->msg_ctx)
wpa_msg_no_global(hapd->msg_ctx_parent, MSG_INFO,
AP_STA_CONNECTED "%s", buf);
sta->flags |= WLAN_STA_AUTHORIZED;
} else {
wpa_msg(hapd->msg_ctx, MSG_INFO, AP_STA_DISCONNECTED "%s", buf);
if (hapd->msg_ctx_parent &&
hapd->msg_ctx_parent != hapd->msg_ctx)
wpa_msg_no_global(hapd->msg_ctx_parent, MSG_INFO,
AP_STA_DISCONNECTED "%s", buf);
sta->flags &= ~WLAN_STA_AUTHORIZED;
}
if (hapd->sta_authorized_cb)
hapd->sta_authorized_cb(hapd->sta_authorized_cb_ctx,
sta->addr, authorized, dev_addr);
}
一开始只知道此处会有消息发送，但是不知道是怎样发送了，仔细看了一下wpa_msg（）函数的原型，才搞明白了。
void wpa_msg(void *ctx, int level, const char *fmt, ...)
{
va_list ap;
char *buf;
int buflen;
int len;
char prefix[130];
va_start(ap, fmt);
buflen = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, fmt, ap) + 1;
va_end(ap);
buf = os_malloc(buflen);
if (buf == NULL) {
wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "wpa_msg: Failed to allocate message "
"buffer");
return;
}
wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "@@@@wpa_msg");
va_start(ap, fmt);
prefix[0] = '\0';
if (wpa_msg_ifname_cb) {
const char *ifname = wpa_msg_ifname_cb(ctx);
if (ifname) {
int res = os_snprintf(prefix, sizeof(prefix), "%s: ",
ifname);
if (res < 0 || res >= (int) sizeof(prefix))
prefix[0] = '\0';
}
}
len = vsnprintf(buf, buflen, fmt, ap);
va_end(ap);
wpa_printf(level, "%s%s", prefix, buf);
if (wpa_msg_cb){
wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "@@@@wpa_msg_cb");
wpa_msg_cb(ctx, level, 0, buf, len);
}
os_free(buf);
}
注意后面全局变量wpa_msg_cb, 在hostapd_ctrl_iface_init(struct hostapd_data *hapd)中，初始化的时候，可以看到这么一行代码：
hapd->msg_ctx = hapd;
wpa_msg_register_cb(hostapd_ctrl_iface_msg_cb);
这里注册了一个回调hostapd_ctrl_iface_msg_cb(void *ctx, int level, int global, const char *txt, size_t len)，这函数调用了hostapd_ctrl_iface_send（.....）。
而这个和wpa_msg_cb有什么关系呢？那你就得看看wpa_msg_register_cb了，原来它是将注册的回调函数指针赋给了wpa_msg_cb，那么wpa_msg_cb相当于
最终调用了hostapd_ctrl_iface_send用于发送消息啦。
void wpa_msg_register_cb(wpa_msg_cb_func func)
{
wpa_msg_cb = func;
}
以上就是整个framework接收到接入客户端连接成功，并且获取客户端信息的流程，不过我原本看的时候，是从下往上看的，先看了hostapd发送消息的部分，再看的上层。