什么是ELK 日志分析系统 ？

 

大纲：

一、简介

二、Logstash

三、Redis

四、Elasticsearch

五、Kinaba

 

 

一、简介

1、核心组成

ELK由Elasticsearch、Logstash和Kibana三部分组件组成；

Elasticsearch是个开源分布式搜索引擎，它的特点有：分布式，零配置，自动发现，索引自动分片，索引副本机制，restful风格接口，多数据源，自动搜索负载等。

Logstash是一个完全开源的工具，它可以对你的日志进行收集、分析，并将其存储供以后使用

kibana 是一个开源和免费的工具，它可以为 Logstash 和 ElasticSearch 提供的日志分析友好的 Web 界面，可以帮助您汇总、分析和搜索重要数据日志。

2、四大组件

Logstash: logstash server端用来搜集日志；

Elasticsearch: 存储各类日志；

Kibana: web化接口用作查寻和可视化日志；

Logstash Forwarder: logstash client端用来通过lumberjack 网络协议发送日志到logstash server；

3、ELK工作流程

在需要收集日志的所有服务上部署logstash，作为logstash agent（logstash shipper）用于监控并过滤收集日志，将过滤后的内容发送到Redis，然后logstash indexer将日志收集在一起交给全文搜索服务ElasticSearch，可以用ElasticSearch进行自定义搜索通过Kibana 来结合自定义搜索进行页面展示。

4、ELK的帮助手册

ELK官网：https://www.elastic.co/

ELK官网文档：https://www.elastic.co/guide/index.html

ELK中文手册：http://kibana.logstash.es/content/elasticsearch/monitor/logging.html

 

注释

ELK有两种安装方式

(1)集成环境：Logstash有一个集成包，里面包括了其全套的三个组件；也就是安装一个集成包。

(2)独立环境：三个组件分别单独安装、运行、各司其职。(比较常用)

本实验也以第二种方式独立环境来进行演示；单机版主机地址为：192.168.1.104

 

二、Logstash

1、安装jdk

Logstash的运行依赖于Java运行环境。
# yum -y install java-1.8.0
# java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_51"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_51-b16)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.51-b03, mixed mode)

2、安装logstash

# wget https://download.elastic.co/logstash/logstash/logstash-1.5.4.tar.gz
# tar zxf logstash-1.5.4.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

配置logstash的环境变量
# echo "export PATH=\$PATH:/usr/local/logstash-1.5.4/bin" > /etc/profile.d/logstash.sh
# . /etc/profile

3、logstash常用参数

-e :指定logstash的配置信息，可以用于快速测试;
-f :指定logstash的配置文件；可以用于生产环境;

4、启动logstash

4.1 通过-e参数指定logstash的配置信息，用于快速测试，直接输出到屏幕。

# logstash -e "input {stdin{}} output {stdout{}}"				
my name is zhengyansheng.    //手动输入后回车，等待10秒后会有返回结果
Logstash startup completed
2015-10-08T13:55:50.660Z 0.0.0.0 my name is zhengyansheng.
这种输出是直接原封不动的返回...

4.2 通过-e参数指定logstash的配置信息，用于快速测试，以json格式输出到屏幕。

# logstash -e 'input{stdin{}}output{stdout{codec=>rubydebug}}'
my name is zhengyansheng.    //手动输入后回车，等待10秒后会有返回结果
Logstash startup completed
{
       "message" => "my name is zhengyansheng.",
      "@version" => "1",
    "@timestamp" => "2015-10-08T13:57:31.851Z",
          "host" => "0.0.0.0"
}
这种输出是以json格式的返回...

5、logstash以配置文件方式启动

5.1 输出信息到屏幕

# vim logstash-simple.conf 
input { stdin {} }
output {
   stdout { codec=> rubydebug }
}

# logstash -f logstash-simple.conf    //普通方式启动
Logstash startup completed

# logstash agent -f logstash-simple.conf --verbose	//开启debug模式
Pipeline started {:level=>:info}
Logstash startup completed
hello world.    //手动输入hello world.
{
       "message" => "hello world.",
      "@version" => "1",
    "@timestamp" => "2015-10-08T14:01:43.724Z",
          "host" => "0.0.0.0"
}
效果同命令行配置参数一样...

5.2 logstash输出信息存储到redis数据库中

刚才我们是将信息直接显示在屏幕上了，现在我们将logstash的输出信息保存到redis数据库中,如下

前提是本地(192.168.1.104)有redis数据库，那么下一步我们就是安装redis数据库.
# cat logstash_to_redis.conf
input { stdin { } }
output {
    stdout { codec => rubydebug }
    redis {
        host => '192.168.1.104'
        data_type => 'list'
        key => 'logstash:redis'
    }
}

如果提示Failed to send event to Redis，表示连接Redis失败或者没有安装，请检查...

6、 查看logstash的监听端口号

# logstash agent -f logstash_to_redis.conf --verbose
# netstat -tnlp |grep java
tcp        0      0 :::9301                     :::*                        LISTEN      1326/java

 

三、Redis

1、安装Redis

wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-2.8.19.tar.gz
yum install tcl -y
tar zxf redis-2.8.19.tar.gz
cd redis-2.8.19
make MALLOC=libc
make test    //这一步时间会稍久点...
make install

cd utils/
./install_server.sh		//脚本执行后，所有选项都以默认参数为准即可
Welcome to the redis service installer
This script will help you easily set up a running redis server

Please select the redis port for this instance: [6379] 
Selecting default: 6379
Please select the redis config file name [/etc/redis/6379.conf] 
Selected default - /etc/redis/6379.conf
Please select the redis log file name [/var/log/redis_6379.log] 
Selected default - /var/log/redis_6379.log
Please select the data directory for this instance [/var/lib/redis/6379] 
Selected default - /var/lib/redis/6379
Please select the redis executable path [/usr/local/bin/redis-server] 
Selected config:
Port           : 6379
Config file    : /etc/redis/6379.conf
Log file       : /var/log/redis_6379.log
Data dir       : /var/lib/redis/6379
Executable     : /usr/local/bin/redis-server
Cli Executable : /usr/local/bin/redis-cli
Is this ok? Then press ENTER to go on or Ctrl-C to abort.
Copied /tmp/6379.conf => /etc/init.d/redis_6379
Installing service...
Successfully added to chkconfig!
Successfully added to runlevels 345!
Starting Redis server...
Installation successful!

2、查看redis的监控端口

# netstat -tnlp |grep redis
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:6379                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      3843/redis-server * 
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:21365             0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      2290/src/redis-serv 
tcp        0      0 :::6379                     :::*                        LISTEN      3843/redis-server *

3、测试redis是否正常工作

# cd redis-2.8.19/src/
# ./redis-cli -h 192.168.1.104 -p 6379	//连接redis
192.168.1.104:6379> ping
PONG
192.168.1.104:6379> set name zhengyansheng
OK
192.168.1.104:6379> get name
"zhengyansheng"
192.168.1.104:6379> quit

4、redis服务启动命令

# ps -ef |grep redis
root      3963     1  0 08:42 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/bin/redis-server *:6379

5、redis的动态监控

# cd redis-2.8.19/src/
# ./redis-cli monitor		//reids动态监控

6、logstash结合redis工作

6.1 首先确认redis服务是启动的

# netstat -tnlp |grep redis
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:6379                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      3843/redis-server * 
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:21365             0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      2290/src/redis-serv 
tcp        0      0 :::6379                     :::*                        LISTEN      3843/redis-server *

6.2 启动redis动态监控

# cd redis-2.8.19/src/
# ./redis-cli monitor
OK

6.3 基于入口redis启动logstash

# cat logstash_to_redis.conf
input { stdin { } }
output {
    stdout { codec => rubydebug }
    redis {
        host => '192.168.1.104'
        data_type => 'list'
        key => 'logstash:redis'
    }
}
# logstash agent -f logstash_to_redis.conf --verbose
Pipeline started {:level=>:info}
Logstash startup completed
dajihao linux
{
       "message" => "dajihao linux",
      "@version" => "1",
    "@timestamp" => "2015-10-08T14:42:07.550Z",
          "host" => "0.0.0.0"
}

6.4 查看redis的监控接口上的输出

# ./redis-cli monitor
OK
1444315328.103928 [0 192.168.1.104:56211] "rpush" "logstash:redis" "{\"message\":\"dajihao linux\",\"@version\":\"1\",\"@timestamp\":\"2015-10-08T14:42:07.550Z\",\"host\":\"0.0.0.0\"}"

如果redis的监控上也有以上信息输出，表明logstash和redis的结合是正常的。

 

四、Elasticsearch

1、安装Elasticsearch

# wget https://download.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-1.7.2.tar.gz
# tar zxf elasticsearch-1.7.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

2、修改elasticsearch配置文件elasticsearch.yml并且做以下修改.

# vim /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/config/elasticsearch.yml
discovery.zen.ping.multicast.enabled: false		#关闭广播，如果局域网有机器开9300 端口，服务会启动不了
network.host: 192.168.1.104	#指定主机地址，其实是可选的，但是最好指定因为后面跟kibana集成的时候会报http连接出错（直观体现好像是监听了:::9200 而不是0.0.0.0:9200）
http.cors.allow-origin: "/.*/"
http.cors.enabled: true		#这2项都是解决跟kibana集成的问题，错误体现是 你的 elasticsearch 版本过低，其实不是

3、启动elasticsearch服务

# /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/bin/elasticsearch		#日志会输出到stdout
# /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/bin/elasticsearch -d	#表示以daemon的方式启动
# nohup /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/bin/elasticsearch > /var/log/logstash.log 2>&1 &

4、查看elasticsearch的监听端口

# netstat -tnlp |grep java
tcp        0      0 :::9200                     :::*                        LISTEN      7407/java           
tcp        0      0 :::9300                     :::*                        LISTEN      7407/java

5、elasticsearch和logstash结合

将logstash的信息输出到elasticsearch中
# cat logstash-elasticsearch.conf 
input { stdin {} }
output {
    elasticsearch { host => "192.168.1.104" }    
    stdout { codec=> rubydebug }
}

6、基于配置文件启动logstash

# /usr/local/logstash-1.5.4/bin/logstash agent -f logstash-elasticsearch.conf
Pipeline started {:level=>:info}
Logstash startup completed
python linux java c++    //手动输入
{
       "message" => "python linux java c++",
      "@version" => "1",
    "@timestamp" => "2015-10-08T14:51:56.899Z",
          "host" => "0.0.0.0"
}

7、curl命令发送请求来查看elasticsearch是否接收到了数据

# curl http://localhost:9200/_search?pretty
{
  "took" : 28,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [ {
      "_index" : "logstash-2015.10.08",
      "_type" : "logs",
      "_id" : "AVBH7-6MOwimSJSPcXjb",
      "_score" : 1.0,
      "_source":{"message":"python linux java c++","@version":"1","@timestamp":"2015-10-08T14:51:56.899Z","host":"0.0.0.0"}
    } ]
  }
}

8、安装elasticsearch插件

#Elasticsearch-kopf插件可以查询Elasticsearch中的数据，安装elasticsearch-kopf，只要在你安装Elasticsearch的目录中执行以下命令即可：
# cd /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/bin/
# ./plugin install lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf
-> Installing lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf...
Trying https://github.com/lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf/archive/master.zip...
Downloading .............................................................................................
Installed lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf into /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/plugins/kopf

执行插件安装后会提示失败，很有可能是网络等情况...
-> Installing lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf...
Trying https://github.com/lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf/archive/master.zip...
Failed to install lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf, reason: failed to download out of all possible locations..., use --verbose to get detailed information

解决办法就是手动下载该软件，不通过插件安装命令...
cd /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/plugins
wget https://github.com/lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf/archive/master.zip
unzip master.zip
mv elasticsearch-kopf-master kopf
以上操作就完全等价于插件的安装命令

9、浏览器访问kopf页面访问elasticsearch保存的数据

# netstat -tnlp |grep java
tcp        0      0 :::9200                     :::*                        LISTEN      7969/java           
tcp        0      0 :::9300                     :::*                        LISTEN      7969/java           
tcp        0      0 :::9301                     :::*                        LISTEN      8015/java

10、从redis数据库中读取然后输出到elasticsearch中

# cat logstash-redis.conf
input {
    redis {
        host => '192.168.1.104'  # 我方便测试没有指定password，最好指定password
        data_type => 'list'
        port => "6379"
        key => 'logstash:redis' #自定义
        type => 'redis-input'   #自定义
    }
}
output {
    elasticsearch {
        host => "192.168.1.104"
        codec => "json"
        protocol => "http"  #版本1.0+ 必须指定协议http
    }
}

五、Kinaba

1、安装Kinaba

# wget https://download.elastic.co/kibana/kibana/kibana-4.1.2-linux-x64.tar.gz
# tar zxf kibana-4.1.2-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local

2、修改kinaba配置文件kinaba.yml

# vim /usr/local/kibana-4.1.2-linux-x64/config/kibana.yml
elasticsearch_url: "http://192.168.1.104:9200"

3、启动kinaba

/usr/local/kibana-4.1.2-linux-x64/bin/kibana

输出以下信息，表明kinaba成功.
{"name":"Kibana","hostname":"localhost.localdomain","pid":1943,"level":30,"msg":"No existing kibana index found","time":"2015-10-08T00:39:21.617Z","v":0}
{"name":"Kibana","hostname":"localhost.localdomain","pid":1943,"level":30,"msg":"Listening on 0.0.0.0:5601","time":"2015-10-08T00:39:21.637Z","v":0}
kinaba默认监听在本地的5601端口上

4、浏览器访问kinaba

4.1 使用默认的logstash-*的索引名称，并且是基于时间的，点击“Create”即可。

4.2 看到如下界面说明索引创建完成。

4.3 点击“Discover”，可以搜索和浏览Elasticsearch中的数据。

 

>>>结束<<<

1、ELK默认端口号
elasticsearch：9200 9300
logstash     : 9301
kinaba       : 5601

2、错误汇总
(1)java版本过低
[2015-10-07 18:39:18.071]  WARN -- Concurrent: [DEPRECATED] Java 7 is deprecated, please use Java 8.

(2)Kibana提示Elasticsearch版本过低...
This version of Kibana requires Elasticsearch 2.0.0 or higher on all nodes. I found the following incompatible nodes in your cluster: 
Elasticsearch v1.7.2 @ inet[/192.168.1.104:9200] (127.0.0.1)
解决办法：

软件包以打包上传：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1hqfeFvY