2019独角兽企业重金招聘Python工程师标准>>> 
以太坊的一个加密僵尸游戏。 为了便于记忆，将其中的教程产出code贴了出来。
ZombieFactory.sol
pragma solidity ^0.4.19;
import "./ownable.sol";
contract ZombieFactory is Ownable {
event NewZombie(uint zombieId, string name, uint dna);
uint dnaDigits = 16;
uint dnaModulus = 10 ** dnaDigits;
uint cooldownTime = 1 days;
struct Zombie {
string name;
uint dna;
uint32 level;
uint32 readyTime;
}
Zombie[] public zombies;
mapping (uint => address) public zombieToOwner;
mapping (address => uint) ownerZombieCount;
function _createZombie(string _name, uint _dna) internal {
uint id = zombies.push(Zombie(_name, _dna, 1, uint32(now + cooldownTime))) - 1;
zombieToOwner[id] = msg.sender;
ownerZombieCount[msg.sender]++;
NewZombie(id, _name, _dna);
}
function _generateRandomDna(string _str) private view returns (uint) {
uint rand = uint(keccak256(_str));
return rand % dnaModulus;
}
function createRandomZombie(string _name) public {
require(ownerZombieCount[msg.sender] == 0);
uint randDna = _generateRandomDna(_name);
randDna = randDna - randDna % 100;
_createZombie(_name, randDna);
}
}
Ownable是来自 OpenZeppelin Solidity 库的 Ownable 合约。 事件 是合约和区块链通讯的一种机制。你的前端应用“监听”某些事件，并做出反应。如：
var abi = // abi是由编译器生成的
var ZombieFactoryContract = web3.eth.contract(abi)
var contractAddress = /// 发布之后在以太坊上生成的合约地址
var ZombieFactory = ZombieFactoryContract.at(contractAddress)
// ZombieFactory能访问公共的函数以及事件
// 监听NewZombie事件, 并且更新UI
var event = ZombieFactory.NewZombie(function(error, result) {
if (error) return
generateZombie(result.zombieId, result.name, result.dna)
})
ZombieFeeding.sol
pragma solidity ^0.4.19;
import "./zombiefactory.sol";
contract KittyInterface {
function getKitty(uint256 _id) external view returns (
bool isGestating,
bool isReady,
uint256 cooldownIndex,
uint256 nextActionAt,
uint256 siringWithId,
uint256 birthTime,
uint256 matronId,
uint256 sireId,
uint256 generation,
uint256 genes
);
}
contract ZombieFeeding is ZombieFactory {
KittyInterface kittyContract;
modifier ownerOf(uint _zombieId) {
require(msg.sender == zombieToOwner[_zombieId]);
_;
}
function setKittyContractAddress(address _address) external onlyOwner {
kittyContract = KittyInterface(_address);
}
function _triggerCooldown(Zombie storage _zombie) internal {
_zombie.readyTime = uint32(now + cooldownTime);
}
function _isReady(Zombie storage _zombie) internal view returns (bool) {
return (_zombie.readyTime <= now);
}
function feedAndMultiply(uint _zombieId, uint _targetDna, string _species) internal ownerOf(_zombieId) {
Zombie storage myZombie = zombies[_zombieId];
require(_isReady(myZombie));
_targetDna = _targetDna % dnaModulus;
uint newDna = (myZombie.dna + _targetDna) / 2;
if (keccak256(_species) == keccak256("kitty")) {
newDna = newDna - newDna % 100 + 99;
}
_createZombie("NoName", newDna);
_triggerCooldown(myZombie);
}
function feedOnKitty(uint _zombieId, uint _kittyId) public {
uint kittyDna;
(,,,,,,,,,kittyDna) = kittyContract.getKitty(_kittyId);
feedAndMultiply(_zombieId, kittyDna, "kitty");
}
}
在 Solidity 中，有一些全局变量可以被所有函数调用。 其中一个就是 msg.sender，它指的是当前调用者（或智能合约）的 address。
Solidity 使用自己的本地时间单位。 变量 now 将返回当前的unix时间戳（自1970年1月1日以来经过的秒数）。我写这句话时 unix 时间是 1515527488。注意：Unix时间传统用一个32位的整数进行存储。这会导致“2038年”问题，当这个32位的unix时间戳不够用，产生溢出，使用这个时间的遗留系统就麻烦了。所以，如果我们想让我们的 DApp 跑够20年，我们可以使用64位整数表示时间，但为此我们的用户又得支付更多的 gas。真是个两难的设计啊！
Solidity 还包含秒(seconds)，分钟(minutes)，小时(hours)，天(days)，周(weeks) 和 年(years) 等时间单位。它们都会转换成对应的秒数放入 uint 中。所以 1分钟 就是 60，1小时是 3600（60秒×60分钟），1天是86400（24小时×60分钟×60秒），以此类推。
ZombieHelper.sol
pragma solidity ^0.4.19;
import "./zombiefeeding.sol";
contract ZombieHelper is ZombieFeeding {
uint levelUpFee = 0.001 ether;
modifier aboveLevel(uint _level, uint _zombieId) {
require(zombies[_zombieId].level >= _level);
_;
}
function withdraw() external onlyOwner {
owner.transfer(this.balance);
}
function setLevelUpFee(uint _fee) external onlyOwner {
levelUpFee = _fee;
}
function levelUp(uint _zombieId) external payable {
require(msg.value == levelUpFee);
zombies[_zombieId].level++;
}
function changeName(uint _zombieId, string _newName) external aboveLevel(2, _zombieId) ownerOf(_zombieId) {
zombies[_zombieId].name = _newName;
}
function changeDna(uint _zombieId, uint _newDna) external aboveLevel(20, _zombieId) ownerOf(_zombieId) {
zombies[_zombieId].dna = _newDna;
}
function getZombiesByOwner(address _owner) external view returns(uint[]) {
uint[] memory result = new uint[](ownerZombieCount[_owner]);
uint counter = 0;
for (uint i = 0; i < zombies.length; i++) {
if (zombieToOwner[i] == _owner) {
result[counter] = i;
counter++;
}
}
return result;
}
}
msg.value 是一种可以查看向合约发送了多少以太的方法，另外 ether 是一个內建单元。
这里发生的事是，一些人会从 web3.js 调用这个函数 (从DApp的前端)， 像这样 :
// 假设 `OnlineStore` 在以太坊上指向你的合约:
OnlineStore.buySomething().send(from: web3.eth.defaultAccount, value: web3.utils.toWei(0.001))
ZombieBattle.sol
pragma solidity ^0.4.19;
import "./zombiehelper.sol";
contract ZombieBattle is ZombieHelper {
uint randNonce = 0;
uint attackVictoryProbability = 70;
function randMod(uint _modulus) internal returns(uint) {
randNonce++;
return uint(keccak256(now, msg.sender, randNonce)) % _modulus;
}
function attack(uint _zombieId, uint _targetId) external ownerOf(_zombieId) {
Zombie storage myZombie = zombies[_zombieId];
Zombie storage enemyZombie = zombies[_targetId];
uint rand = randMod(100);
if (rand <= attackVictoryProbability) {
myZombie.winCount++;
myZombie.level++;
enemyZombie.lossCount++;
feedAndMultiply(_zombieId, enemyZombie.dna, "zombie");
} else {
myZombie.lossCount++;
enemyZombie.winCount++;
_triggerCooldown(myZombie);
}
}
}