Spring MVC中DispatcherServlet工作原理探究

下面类图将主要的类及方法抽离出来,以便查看方便,根据类的结构来说明整个请求是如何工作的

主要使用到的技术有Spring的IOC容器和Servlet。


假如我们要实现一个请求home.htm然后返回home.jsp视图资源则

当home.htm请求到达时,我们需要DispatcherServlet来处理该请求,所以首先配置该Servlet

第一步需要在web.xml中配置DispatcherServlet,使该servlet来接收请求并做进一步处理。

 
 	dispatch
 	org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
 	1
 
 
 	dispatch
 	*.htm
 

这个部分很好理解,如果请求以.htm结尾则交给名为dispatch类为DispatcherServlet的Servlet处理。


从类图中很容易看出DispatcherServlet最终继承的是HttpServlet,也就是说它同样满足Servlet的工作原理

Servlet初始化时需要调用init方法,在HttpServletBean中实现,该init方法调用了initServletBean,该方法在FrameworkServlet中实现

initServletBean主要初始化关于配置文件的内容,比如{servlet-name}-servlet.xml


第二步,需要在/WebRoot/WEB-INF下新建名为{servlet-name}-servlet.xml的spring bean配置文件。(该示例中即为dispatch-servlet.xml)

在初始化过程中会去寻找该配置文件,当然我们也可以自己去设置参数来更改配置文件所在路径


比如我们如果在src下新建的该配置文件dispatch-servlet,在编译后会被复制到WEB-INF/classes文件夹下,

配置文件还是按照命名规范做吧(可以修改为其他名字)


		dispatch
		org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
		
			namespace
			classes/dispatch-servlet
		
		1
	

此时的配置就会去寻找/WEB-INF/classes/dispatch-servlet.xml


当请求到达后Servlet将调用service方法进行处理,由于我们是通过输入网址方式的get方法请求,Servlet将调用doGet方法

此处的doGet方法在FrameworkServlet中实现,doGet方法调用processRequest方法,processRequest则调用doService方法处理

而doService在DispatcherServlet中实现,doService再调用了DispatcherServlet的doDispatch方法,

该方法则会根据request找到转发对象,并进行请求转发操作,

下面是获取实际的视图资源部分


public ModelAndView handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
			throws Exception {

		return ((Controller) handler).handleRequest(request, response);
	}

这里需要我们自己实现Controller接口并实现handleRequest方法,返回对应的ModelAndView对象。


下面是请求转发的部分

/**
	 * Render the internal resource given the specified model.
	 * This includes setting the model as request attributes.
	 */
	@Override
	protected void renderMergedOutputModel(
			Map model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {

		// Determine which request handle to expose to the RequestDispatcher.
		HttpServletRequest requestToExpose = getRequestToExpose(request);

		...
                 exposeModelAsRequestAttributes(model, requestToExpose);//这个方法看下面源码,request.setAttribute操作
                  // Determine the path for the request dispatcher.
		String dispatcherPath = prepareForRendering(requestToExpose, response);

	        ...

		// If already included or response already committed, perform include, else forward.
		if (useInclude(requestToExpose, response)) {
			......
		}

		else {//重点看这部分,在根据请求以及配置文件获取到RequestDispatcher 对象之后,使用该对象做转发处理
			// Note: The forwarded resource is supposed to determine the content type itself.
			exposeForwardRequestAttributes(requestToExpose);
			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				logger.debug("Forwarding to resource [" + getUrl() + "] in InternalResourceView '" + getBeanName() + "'");
			}
			rd.forward(requestToExpose, response);
		}
	}
下面是设置model和modelValue

/**
	 * Expose the model objects in the given map as request attributes.
	 * Names will be taken from the model Map.
	 * This method is suitable for all resources reachable by {@link javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher}.
	 * @param model Map of model objects to expose
	 * @param request current HTTP request
	 */
	protected void exposeModelAsRequestAttributes(Map model, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
		for (Map.Entry entry : model.entrySet()) {
			String modelName = entry.getKey();
			Object modelValue = entry.getValue();
			if (modelValue != null) {
				request.setAttribute(modelName, modelValue);
				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
					logger.debug("Added model object '" + modelName + "' of type [" + modelValue.getClass().getName() +
							"] to request in view with name '" + getBeanName() + "'");
				}
			}
			else {
				request.removeAttribute(modelName);
				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
					logger.debug("Removed model object '" + modelName +
							"' from request in view with name '" + getBeanName() + "'");
				}
			}
		}
	}




第三步,编写实现Controller的类

public class HomeController implements Controller
{
	private String greeting;

	public String getGreeting()
	{
		return greeting;
	}

	public void setGreeting(String greeting)
	{
		this.greeting = greeting;
	}

	public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest arg0,
			HttpServletResponse arg1) throws Exception
	{
		System.out.println(arg0.getRequestURI());//请求地址
		return new ModelAndView("home", "message", greeting);
//返回一个视图资源对象,名为home,model为message的对象(即上面的exposeModelAsRequestAtrributes方法中使用的request.setAttribute
	}

}

第四步,在dispatch-servlet.xml中配置该bean提供给spring web使用。

	
		Hello!This is Training!你好,这里是训练营!
	

这里name将用来匹配请求的资源(默认的使用BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping处理,由bean Name映射 URL),在home.htm请求到达时,

spring将使用实现了Controller接口的HomeController的handleRequest方法来返回映射的视图资源。


在得到MoldelAndView对象后,需要根据这个MoldelAndView对象得到View name然后来解析得到View对象


/**
	 * Resolve the given view name into a View object (to be rendered).
	 * 

The default implementations asks all ViewResolvers of this dispatcher. * Can be overridden for custom resolution strategies, potentially based on * specific model attributes or request parameters. * @param viewName the name of the view to resolve * @param model the model to be passed to the view * @param locale the current locale * @param request current HTTP servlet request * @return the View object, or null if none found * @throws Exception if the view cannot be resolved * (typically in case of problems creating an actual View object) * @see ViewResolver#resolveViewName */ protected View resolveViewName(String viewName, Map model, Locale locale, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception { for (ViewResolver viewResolver : this.viewResolvers) { View view = viewResolver.resolveViewName(viewName, locale); if (view != null) { return view; } } return null; }


此处需要我们配置viewResolver bean给spring使用,指明使用哪个类充当viewResolver并具有什么属性

第五步,配置viewResolver bean


        .jsp
    

中间可以加上prefix或者suffix

这些配置完成后,spring就会根据请求地址以及配置信息,找到视图资源并做请求转发操作


总结:整个流程分析下来,其实主要就是做两个操作,

首先请求信息到达DispatchServlet,Servlet中根据请求信息与配置文件找到映射的视图资源

然后使用RequestDispatch请求转发到该视图资源。

另外,可以分成多个bean配置文件,在web.xml中配置载入

 
 	org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
 
 
 	contextConfigLocation
 	/WEB-INF/dispatch-data.xml,/WEB-INF/dispatch-service.xml
 

其中contextConfigLocation这个名字可能是匹配FrameworkServlet的setContextConfigLocation方法

也有可能是匹配ContextLoaderListener继承ContextLoader的CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM

public static final String CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM = "contextConfigLocation";
(不确定,不太了解context-param的用法,API上两个类关于这个变量的说明都类似,也分不太清楚,反正可以这么记- -||)


然后配置的viewResolver bean的id为什么要为viewResolver,下面的是DispatcherServlet中一个静态字符串说明了一切

public static final String VIEW_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME = "viewResolver";

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