深入学习 Spring Boot:Spring Boot启动分析(下)

文接 深入学习 Spring Boot:Spring Boot启动分析(上)


2、启动 Spring 应用程序run()

Spring Boot首先帮我们实例化了一个SpringApplication对象,接下类调用这个对象的run方法,创建和刷新一个新的ApplicationContext

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
    StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
    stopWatch.start();
    ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
    Collection exceptionReporters = new ArrayList<>();
    configureHeadlessProperty();
    SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
    listeners.starting();
    try {
        ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
                args);
        ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
                applicationArguments);
        configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
        Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
        context = createApplicationContext();
        exceptionReporters = getSpringFactoriesInstances(
                SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,
                new Class[] { ConfigurableApplicationContext.class }, context);
        prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
                printedBanner);
        refreshContext(context);
        afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
        listeners.finished(context, null);
        stopWatch.stop();
        if (this.logStartupInfo) {
            new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
                    .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
        }
        return context;
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
        handleRunFailure(context, listeners, exceptionReporters, ex);
        throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
    }
}
  • 2.1 启动一个StopWatch测量程序的运行时间。StopWatch可以在开发和调试阶段验证程序的性能

  • 2.2 使用Headless模式:

System.setProperty("java.awt.headless",System.getProperty("java.awt.headless", true);

Headless模式是系统的一种配置模式。在该模式下,系统缺少了显示设备、键盘或鼠标。Spring Boot程序一般是服务端程序,服务器往往缺少前述硬件,但又需要使用他们提供的功能,生成相应的数据,以提供给客户端(比如在console生成spring神兽,绘制验证码之类的)。此时,我们可以在程序开始激活headless模式,告诉程序,现在你要工作在Headless mode下,就不要指望硬件帮忙了,你得自力更生,依靠系统的计算能力模拟出这些特性来。

  • 2.3 通过SpringFactoriesLoader加载SpringApplicationRunListener
    并启动,用以监听SpringApplication的run方法产生的各类事件。SpringApplicationRunListeners是对SpringApplicationRunListener实例集合的一个封装。在这里,SpringApplication只加载了一个Listener:EventPublishingRunListener,事实上这个类是充当着事件广播器的作用,它可以将run方法中的事件(如starting、environmentPrepared)封装为Event对象,发布到我们之前加载的ApplicationListener中。

  • 2.4 创建和配置ConfigurableEnvironment:

private ConfigurableEnvironment prepareEnvironment(
        SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners,
        ApplicationArguments applicationArguments) {
    // Create and configure the environment
    ConfigurableEnvironment environment = getOrCreateEnvironment();
    configureEnvironment(environment, applicationArguments.getSourceArgs());
    listeners.environmentPrepared(environment);
    bindToSpringApplication(environment);
    if (this.webApplicationType == WebApplicationType.NONE) {
        environment = new EnvironmentConverter(getClassLoader())
                .convertToStandardEnvironmentIfNecessary(environment);
    }
    ConfigurationPropertySources.attach(environment);
    return environment;
}

a、根据我们之前检测出来的webApplicationType创建一个ConfigurableEnvironment对象(若this.webApplicationType == WebApplicationType.SERVLET则创建其子类StandardServletEnvironment()对象,否则创建StandardEnvironment对象)。在实例化一个ConfigurableEnvironment对象时,程序会读取运行环境的各种数据,如"java.vm.version" -> "25.73-b02";
b、将我们在启动应用程序时带入的参数(如“--debug”),配置到ConfigurableEnvironment对象中;
c、调用listeners.environmentPrepared(environment),发布事件。在这里,EventPublishingRunListener会封装一个ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent,然后发布到各个Listener中。Listener执行的动作我们暂时不分析,明显可以看到的就是在debug模式下,console会打印第一行日志,显示应用程序的运行环境;
d、将environment绑定到SpringApplication上
e、在environment.propertySources中添加(如果没有的话)一个ConfigurationPropertySourcesPropertySource对象,使得environment管理的PropertySource对象能适配 PropertySourcesPropertyResolver,能够通过属性名get到具体的配置,详细见 ConfigurationPropertySources

  • 2.5 将系统属性“spring.beaninfo.ignore”设置为true,跳过扫描BeanInfo类,防止重复加载bean。详见IGNORE_BEANINFO_PROPERTY_NAME

  • 2.6 调用printBanner打印“Spring神兽”

  • 2.7 根据webApplicationType创建一个ConfigurableApplicationContext对象。在本例中,webApplicationType为”SERVLET“,创建的对象为"org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext"

  • 2.8 加载spring.factories中的SpringBootExceptionReporter实现类

  • 2.9 准备Context:

private void prepareContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context,
                            ConfigurableEnvironment environment, SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners,
                            ApplicationArguments applicationArguments, Banner printedBanner) {
    context.setEnvironment(environment);
    postProcessApplicationContext(context);
    applyInitializers(context);
    listeners.contextPrepared(context);
    if (this.logStartupInfo) {
        logStartupInfo(context.getParent() == null);
        logStartupProfileInfo(context);
    }

    // Add boot specific singleton beans
    context.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("springApplicationArguments",
            applicationArguments);
    if (printedBanner != null) {
        context.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("springBootBanner", printedBanner);
    }

    // Load the sources
    Set sources = getAllSources();
    Assert.notEmpty(sources, "Sources must not be empty");
    load(context, sources.toArray(new Object[sources.size()]));
    listeners.contextLoaded(context);
}
 
 

a、setEnvironment(environment)
b、postProcessApplicationContext(context),做一些善后工作:如果成员变量beanNameGenerator不为Null,那么为ApplicationContext对象注册beanNameGenerator bean;如果成员变量resourceLoader不为null,则为ApplicationContext对象设置ResourceLoader。

protected void postProcessApplicationContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
    if (this.beanNameGenerator != null) {
        context.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton(
                AnnotationConfigUtils.CONFIGURATION_BEAN_NAME_GENERATOR,
                this.beanNameGenerator);
    }
    if (this.resourceLoader != null) {
        if (context instanceof GenericApplicationContext) {
            ((GenericApplicationContext) context)
                    .setResourceLoader(this.resourceLoader);
        }
        if (context instanceof DefaultResourceLoader) {
            ((DefaultResourceLoader) context)
                    .setClassLoader(this.resourceLoader.getClassLoader());
        }
    }
}

c、依次调用SpringApplication的initializers中的初始化器:

protected void applyInitializers(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
    for (ApplicationContextInitializer initializer : getInitializers()) {
        Class requiredType = GenericTypeResolver.resolveTypeArgument(
                initializer.getClass(), ApplicationContextInitializer.class);
        Assert.isInstanceOf(requiredType, context, "Unable to call initializer.");
        initializer.initialize(context);
    }
}

在本例中,initializers列表及其任务为:

initializers = {ArrayList@952}  size = 6
// 读取key为”context.initializer.classes“的配置,实例化Initializer并执行initialize();
 0 = {DelegatingApplicationContextInitializer@1057} 
// 设置context的id,本例等于”application“;
 1 = {ContextIdApplicationContextInitializer@1058} 
// 为context.beanFactoryPostProcessor增加一个ConfigurationWarningsPostProcessor对象,报告warning等级的错误配置
2 = {ConfigurationWarningsApplicationContextInitializer@1059} 
// 为context添加一个ApplicationListener,监听WebServerInitializedEvent
 3 = {ServerPortInfoApplicationContextInitializer@1060} 
// 为context.beanFactoryPostProcessor增加一个CachingMetadataReaderFactoryPostProcessor
 4 = {SharedMetadataReaderFactoryContextInitializer@1061} 
//为context添加一个AutoConfigurationReportListener,用以监听自动配置报告
 5 = {AutoConfigurationReportLoggingInitializer@1062} 

d、调用监听器,报告contextPrepared事件;
e、打印启动日志:

2017-09-10 20:18:51.937  INFO 28314 --- [           main] com.zhuangqf.learn.App                   : Starting App on zhuangqinfa with PID 28314 (/home/zhuangqf/workspace/spring/SpringBootDemo/target/classes started by zhuangqf in /home/zhuangqf/workspace/spring/SpringBootDemo)
2017-09-10 20:18:51.939  INFO 28314 --- [           main] com.zhuangqf.learn.App                   : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default

f、注册指定的bean:"springApplicationArguments"和"springBootBanner":

// Add boot specific singleton beans
context.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("springApplicationArguments", applicationArguments);
if (printedBanner != null) {
    context.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("springBootBanner", printedBanner);
}

简单而言, context的beanFactory是一个DefaultListableBeanFactory对象,其内部有多个Map 用来存放注册的bean。
g、加载context.primarySources,在本例中为App.class,其主要是加载App上的注解或默认的配置文件。

  • 2.10 refreshContext(context)
    加载或刷新持久化形式的配置(如xml文件、properties文件,和数据库信息)。
    由于这是一个启动方法, 如果它失败了, 它应该销毁已经创建的单例, 以避免悬空的资源。换言之, 在调用该方法之后, 所有的单例bean都不应实例化。
@Override
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
    synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
        // Prepare this context for refreshing.
        prepareRefresh();

        // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
        ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

        // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
        prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

        try {
            // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
            postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

            // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
            invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

            // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
            registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

            // Initialize message source for this context.
            initMessageSource();

            // Initialize event multicaster for this context.
            initApplicationEventMulticaster();

            // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
            onRefresh();

            // Check for listener beans and register them.
            registerListeners();

            // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
            finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

            // Last step: publish corresponding event.
            finishRefresh();
        }

        catch (BeansException ex) {
            if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
                logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
                        "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
            }

            // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
            destroyBeans();

            // Reset 'active' flag.
            cancelRefresh(ex);

            // Propagate exception to caller.
            throw ex;
        }

        finally {
            // Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
            // might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
            resetCommonCaches();
        }
    }
}

整个方法比较复杂,我们一点点解析:
a、准备刷新prepareRefresh(),完成了以下任务:
设置context的startupDate为当前时间;
设置closed标志位为false,active标志为true;
读取Property配置到environment中;
检查environment必设的配置是否为null;
初始化this.earlyApplicationEvents作为存放发布时间的Set
b、obtainFreshBeanFactory() :销毁原有的beanFactory类,并新建一个beanFactory返回
c、prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory):设置beanFactory的各个属性,由AbstractApplicationContext实现;
d、postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory):对beanFactory根据具体的Context子类设置不同的属性,例如,本例中context的具体类型为ServletWebServerApplicationContext,会在beanFactory中注册一个ServletContextAwareProcessor。
e、invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);调用注册到beanFactory中的postRrocessors。

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