mysql热备同步等_2018_lcf

--主要通过xtrabackup工具进行主同从步,导步读取数据再进行实时数据同步

  -安装xtrabackup

  -修改/etc/my.cnf,开启主从模式

   -

----

[root@nginx ~]# wget ftp://192.168.1.254/Other/libev-4.15-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm

[root@nginx ~]# wget ftp://192.168.1.254/Other/percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

[root@nginx ~]# yum -y install perl-Digest-MD5.x86_64 rsync perl-DBD-MySQL libev-4.15-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm

[root@nginx ~]# yum -y install percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

[root@nginx /]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
server-id = 10
log_bin = mysql-bin
binlog-format = statement

relay-log = relay-log

[root@nginx /]# systemctl restart mariadb.service 

[root@nginx /]# mysql -uroot -p123123
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.56-MariaDB MariaDB Server


Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.


Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.


MariaDB [(none)]>
create user 'repl'@'%' identified by 'lper';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)


MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication client,replication slave on *.* to repl@'%';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> quit

Bye

[root@nginx /]# innobackupex --slave-info --user='root' --password='123123' --host='localhost' --no-timestamp /abc

...

[root@nginx /]# scp -r -P 10022 abc/ 192.168.1.20:/


-------------------------------------------

 
  
 
  
--高手文档摘要
mysql 主从搭建
#--------------------ALL---------------------------#
1、配置 yum 源,安装 mysql-5.7.17
[local_soft]
name=Local Base Soft
baseurl="ftp://192.168.1.254/public"
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

清理缓存
yum clean all

#--------------------master------------------------#
在 mysql-master 上修改 my.cnf 打开 binlog 并添加 server_id
bind-address    = 0.0.0.0
server-id       = 18
log_bin         = mysql-bin
binlog-format   = statement
relay-log       = relay-log

重启服务 systemctl restart mysqld

初始化master 
reset master;

添加同步用户 
create user 'repl'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'lper';
grant replication client,replication slave on *.* to repl@'%';

安装备份工具 xtrabackup 
yum install -y percona-xtrabackup-24

备份数据库
slave-info 记录 show master 的信息
innobackupex --slave-info --user="root" --password="toor" \
             --host="localhost" --no-timestamp ./backup

#--------------------slave-------------------------#
安装 mysql server 和 xtrabackup
yum install -y mysql-community-server percona-xtrabackup-24

使用 innobackup 恢复备份
innobackupex --apply-log backup
innobackupex --copy-back ./backup

恢复权限
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql

设置 mysql slave 的my.cnf 增加 server_id 及 binlog 配置
bind-address    = 0.0.0.0
server-id       = 17
log_bin         = mysql-bin
binlog-format   = statement
relay-log       = relay-log

启动 mysql 设置主从,binlog 文件及其执行位置在 /var/lib/mysql/xtrabackup_info 查找
reset slave;
change master to master_host='192.168.1.18',\
                 master_user='repl',master_password='lper',\
                 master_log_file="mysql-bin.000001", master_log_pos=615;
start slave;

检查验证
show slave status\G

#------------------semi sync master----------------#
查看 mysql 插件
show plugins;

安装半同步插件
install plugin rpl_semi_sync_master soname 'semisync_master.so';
开启半同步
set global rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1;
等待超时时间
设置此参数值(ms),为了防止半同步复制在没有收到确认的情况下发生堵塞,如果Master在超时

之前没有收到任何确认,将恢复到正常的异步复制,并继续执行没有半同步的复制操作。
set global rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout=1000;

查看状态
show global variables like '%rpl_semi%';
show global status like '%rpl_semi%';

#------------------semi sync slave-----------------#
查看 mysql 插件
show plugins;

安装半同步插件
install plugin rpl_semi_sync_slave soname 'semisync_slave.so';
开启半同步
set global rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=1;

查看状态
show global variables like '%rpl_semi%';
重启 IO 线程
stop  slave io_thread;
start slave io_thread;

#----------------------mha node--------------------#
安装 mha node 节点包
yum install gcc pcre-devel pkgconfig autoconf automake perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker perl-CPAN perl-DBI perl-DBD-MySQL

安装 mha4mysql-node
perl Makefile.PL 
make
make install

#--------------------mha manager-------------------#
# mha 官方网站 https://github.com/yoshinorim/mha4mysql-manager/wiki/Downloads

安装 mha node 节点包
yum install -y gcc pcre-devel pkgconfig autoconf automake perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker perl-CPAN perl-DBI perl-DBD-MySQL

安装 mha4mysql-node
perl Makefile.PL 
make
make install

安装 mha manager 节点
安装依赖软件包
yum install -y perl-Config-Tiny perl-Log-Dispatch perl-Parallel-ForkManager perl-Time-HiRes

安装 mha 管理节点
perl Makefile.PL 

[Core Features]
- DBI                   ...loaded. (1.627)
- DBD::mysql            ...loaded. (4.023)
- Time::HiRes           ...loaded. (1.9725)
- Config::Tiny          ...loaded. (2.14)
- Log::Dispatch         ...loaded. (2.41)
- Parallel::ForkManager ...loaded. (1.18)
- MHA::NodeConst        ...loaded. (0.56)
*** Module::AutoInstall configuration finished.
Checking if your kit is complete...
Looks good

make
make install

mha 是依靠 ssh 远程配置管理 mysql 服务器的,所以要求管理节点机器到所有 mysql
机器能做到 ssh 免密码登录
/etc/ssh/ssh_config 配置不校验 host key,不输人 yes
StrictHostKeyChecking no

cd /root/.ssh
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 2048 -N '' -f id_rsa
for i in mysql{15..18};do
    ssh-copy-id -i id_rsa.pub ${i}
done
把私钥 id_rsa 拷贝给所有 mysql 主机
for i in mysql{15..18};do
    scp id_rsa ${i}:.ssh/id_rsa
done

mha 切换 vip 是靠脚本实现,vim 编辑脚本 master_ip_failover 设置 vip
(line:35)
my $vip = '192.168.1.10/24';  # Virtual IP 
cp master_ip_failover  /usr/local/bin/
chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover

添加 默认配置文件 /etc/masterha_default.cnf 和 /etc/mha.cnf 配置文件
touch /etc/masterha_default.cnf

cat /etc/mha.cnf
[server default]
manager_log=/var/log/mha.log
manager_workdir=/var/lib/mha

user=root
password=toor

repl_user=repl
repl_password=lper

ssh_user=root

ping_interval=1
remote_workdir=/var/lib/mha
master_ip_failover_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover

[server18]
candidate_master=1
hostname=mysql18

[server17]
candidate_master=1
hostname=mysql17

[server16]
hostname=mysql16
no_master=1

[server15]
hostname=mysql15
no_master=1

在当前的 master 上手工绑定 vip 执行检查测试

检查 ssh 免密码登录
masterha_check_ssh --conf=/etc/mha.cnf

检查 mysql 主从配置
masterha_check_repl --conf=/etc/mha.cnf

排除所有错误,添加 root 用户远程登录权限
create user 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'toor';
grant ALL ON *.* to root@'%';

添加参数 relay_log_purge=0

启动 mha
masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha.cnf --ignore_last_failover

验证测试

#--------------------- mycat --------------------#
创建一个用于查询的用户
create user 'read'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'daer';
grant select on *.* to 'read'@'%';

在机器上安装 java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel
拷贝 mycat 到 /usr/local/

配置 /usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml
82: mydb
97: mydb

配置 /usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml




	
        
         
	
		select user()
		
		
			
			
			
			
			
		
	


启动 mycat ,验证测试
/usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat start

配置文件注意事项:
conf/server.xml 可以不修改,但要注意 
TESTDB
虚拟库名称,要和后面对应
schemas是这个用户下的逻辑数据库可以有多个逻辑数据库可以用“,”逗号隔开 用户名和密码是连接 mycat 的用户名和密码,与 mysql 实例的用户名密码无关 mycat默认的普通连接端口是8066,管理连接端口是9066 schema:逻辑数据库 dataNode:节点
dataHost:节点对应的读库写库的地址和连接
balance指的负载均衡类型,目前的取值有4种:
balance="0", 不开启读写分离机制,所有读操作都发送到当前可用的writeHost上。
balance="1",全部的readHost与stand by writeHost参与select语句的负载均衡
balance="2",所有读操作都随机的在writeHost、readhost上分发。
balance="3",所有读请求随机的分发到wiriterHost对应的readhost执行,writerHost不负担读压力

switchType指的是切换的模式,目前的取值也有4种:
switchType='-1' 表示不自动切换
switchType='1'  默认值,表示自动切换
switchType='2'  基于MySQL主从同步的状态决定是否切换,心跳语句为 show slavestatus
switchType='3'  基于MySQL galary cluster的切换机制(适合集群)(1.4.1),心跳语句为 show status like 'wsrep%'
    
WriteType参数设置:
writeType=“0”, 所有写操作都发送到可用的writeHost上。
writeType=“1”,所有写操作都随机的发送到readHost。
writeType=“2”,所有写操作都随机的在writeHost、readhost分上发。

配置完成以后连接 mycat 查询
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h192.168.4.20 -P 8066 -e 'select @@hostname;'
多查询几次,可以看到轮询效果

第二台 mycat
安装 java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel
拷贝  /usr/local/mycat 到本机相同目录,启动服务即可

#--------------- haproxy keepalived--------------#
yum 安装 haproxy 
修改 /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
listen mycat_3306 *:3306
    mode    tcp        # mysql 得使用 tcp 协议
    option  tcpka      # 使用长连接
    balance leastconn  # 最小连接调度算法
    server  mycat_01 192.168.1.13:8066 check inter 3000 rise 1 maxconn 1000 fall 3
    server  mycat_02 192.168.1.14:8066 check inter 3000 rise 1 maxconn 1000 fall 3

启动服务
可以在服务器上使用 ss -atn|grep "ESTAB.*8066"  查看后端和哪台服务建立连接了

为防止 haproxy 单点故障,配置两台 haproxy 使用 keepalived 实现高可用
第二台 haproxy 配置同第一台
keepalived 配置
yum 安装 keepalived
修改配置文件 keepalived.conf

! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
    router_id mycat
}
vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
       script "killall -0 haproxy"     # cheaper than pidof
       interval 2                      # check every 2 seconds
}

vrrp_instance Mycat {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    track_interface {
        eth0
    }
    virtual_router_id 150
    priority 200
    ! nopreempt
    advert_int 2
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass test_mycat
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.1.100/24 brd 192.168.1.255 dev eth0 label eth0:1
    }
    track_script {
       chk_haproxy weight=0    # +2 if process is present
    }
}

               +-------------+      +-----------+       +--------------------------+
               | keepalived  |      |  +-----+  |       | +--------+    +--------+ |   
               |-------------|      |  |mycat|  |  ==>  | |mysql(M)|<==>|mysql(M)| |      
               |  +-------+  |      |  +-----+  |       | +--------+    +--------+ |   
               |  |haproxy|=>| ==>  |           |       |  MHA或其他多主高可用方案 |
               |  +-------+  |      |  +-----+  |       |-~-~-~-~-~-~~~~-~-~-~-~-~-|      
client --> vip |    |高|     |      |  |mycat|  |  ==>  | +--------+    +--------+ |
               |    |可|     |      |  +-----+  |       | |mysql(S)| 从 |mysql(S)| |
               |    |用|     |      |           |       | +--------+ 库 +--------+ | 
               |  +-------+  |      |  +-----+  |       | +--------+ 集 +--------+ |    
               |  |haproxy|=>| ==>  |  |mycat|  |  ==>  | |mysql(S)| 群 |mysql(S)| |  
               |  +-------+  |      |  +-----+  |       | +--------+    +--------+ |  
               +-------------+      +-----------+       +--------------------------+


#----------------------redis-----------------------#
源码安装 redis
安装编译工具
yum install gcc make automake pkgconfig
添加用户
adduser -s /sbin/nologin -d /var/lib/redis redis
编译安装 redis
make MALLOC=libc
make PREFIX=/usr/local/redis install
mkdir -p /usr/local/redis/conf
cp *.conf /usr/local/redis/conf/

配置 redis 1主2从 redis.conf
bind 0.0.0.0
port 6379
dir /var/lib/redis
daemonize yes

启动 redis
./bin/redis-server conf/redis.conf

设置主从,查看状态
redis-cli -h redis02 -p 6379
redis02:6379> slaveof redis01 6379
OK

[root@redis01 ~]# redis-cli -h redis03 -p 6379
redis03:6379> slaveof redis01 6379
OK

查看状态
redis-cli -h redis01 -p 6379 info replication

配置 redis 哨兵 sentinel.conf
bind 0.0.0.0
protected-mode no
daemonize yes
port 26379
dir /tmp
sentinel monitor mymaster redis01 6379 1
sentinel down-after-milliseconds mymaster 3000
sentinel parallel-syncs mymaster 1
sentinel failover-timeout mymaster 5000
sentinel client-reconfig-script mymaster /usr/local/bin/reconfig.sh

查看哨兵状态
redis-cli -h redis01 -p 26379 info sentinel

reconfig.sh
#!/bin/bash
# args=(      )
#         mymaster    leader  start   old.ip     old.port   new.ip  new.port
logger -p local0.info -t redis "${@:-NULL}"
vip="192.168.1.100/32"
read oldip newip <<<"$4 $6"
if $(ip -o a s |grep -q ${oldip:-0.0.0.0});then
    /sbin/ifconfig eth0:1 down &>/dev/null
elif $(ip -o a s|grep -q ${newip:-0.0.0.0});then
   /sbin/ifconfig eth0:1 ${vip}
   /sbin/arping -q -c 3 -A ${vip%/*} -I eth0
fi




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