python selenium 使用cookies免登陆，与requests使用cookies免登陆的差别

要点：1.selenium的cookies是多个字典组成的list，而且有很多键值

         2.selenium 想要添加cookies，得先登录对应域名的网址，再添加，一旦cookies里有不同域名(domain)就会报错！

         3.requests的cookies只需name跟value即可

最近研究用selenuim 登录纯JS加载的网站获取信息，到后面想用cookies免登录时，发现selenium跟requests 使用cookies的一些差别

用selenuim登录网站后，driver.get_cookies()就会得到此时的cookies，注意，这是多个dict组成的list

登录企名片(http://auth.qimingpian.com/finos.html)后cookies的内容如下：

cookies=\
[
{'domain': '.vip.qimingpian.com',   'path': '/', 'httpOnly': False, 'name': 'userinfo',                                 'expiry': None,       'secure': False, 'value': '{%22nickname%22:%22%E5%81%A5%EB%88%88_%EB%88%88%22%2C%22headimgurl%22:%22http://img1.qimingpian.com/wximg/171351ea5349c8c3723c808b048ba818.jpg%22%2C%22coin%22:%2250%22%2C%22applySubmit%22:%220%22%2C%22team_flag%22:%220%22%2C%22team_uuid%22:%22%22%2C%22vip_out_date%22:%22%22%2C%22usernum%22:%22864636697%22%2C%22team_enterprise%22:%220%22%2C%22enterprise_coin%22:%220%22%2C%22is_admin%22:%220%22%2C%22is_manager%22:%220%22%2C%22first_shenqing%22:%220%22%2C%22phone%22:%2213630499459%22%2C%22apply_phone%22:%2213630499459%22%2C%22scope%22:%22qmp%22%2C%22apply_state%22:3%2C%22liyou%22:%22%22%2C%22is_certify%22:0%2C%22ip%22:%22183.2.90.153%22%2C%22person_role%22:%22%22%2C%22claim_type%22:0%2C%22expireinfo%22:false%2C%22inneruser%22:false}'},
{'domain': '.qimingpian.com',       'path': '/', 'httpOnly': False, 'name': 'time_token',                               'expiry': 1529368822, 'secure': False, 'value': '1528504828414'},
{'domain': '.vip.qimingpian.com',   'path': '/', 'httpOnly': False, 'name': 'Hm_lvt_1e712c5331439bcf163b46f3d208f00b',  'expiry': 1560040822, 'secure': False, 'value': '1528191935,1528192457,1528504823'},
{'domain': '.vip.qimingpian.com',   'path': '/', 'httpOnly': False, 'name': 'Hm_lpvt_1e712c5331439bcf163b46f3d208f00b', 'expiry': None,       'secure': False, 'value': '1528504823'},
{'domain': 'vip.qimingpian.com',    'path': '/', 'httpOnly': False, 'name': '102921|0|0|9|1|1|',                        'expiry': 1528504833, 'secure': False, 'value': '102921%7C0%7C0%7C9%7C1%7C1%7C'},
{'domain': '.qimingpian.com',       'path': '/', 'httpOnly': False, 'name': 'unionid',                                  'expiry': 1529368823, 'secure': False, 'value': 'HYSyhBeZG1C9ydWJCU9/LhfTok2z/lioTdcZ4Td+LyS3oTbOlCL1akRJTwSrhAldeJWqqIs6kiQsM8IbOYgM5A=='},
{'domain': 'vip.qimingpian.com',    'path': '/', 'httpOnly': False, 'name': 'userinfo',                                 'expiry': None,       'secure': False, 'value': '{%22nickname%22:%22%E5%81%A5%EB%88%88_%EB%88%88%22%2C%22headimgurl%22:%22http://img1.qimingpian.com/wximg/171351ea5349c8c3723c808b048ba818.jpg%22%2C%22coin%22:%2250%22%2C%22applySubmit%22:%220%22%2C%22team_flag%22:%220%22%2C%22team_uuid%22:%22%22%2C%22vip_out_date%22:%22%22%2C%22usernum%22:%22864636697%22%2C%22team_enterprise%22:%220%22%2C%22enterprise_coin%22:%220%22%2C%22is_admin%22:%220%22%2C%22is_manager%22:%220%22%2C%22first_shenqing%22:%220%22%2C%22phone%22:%2213630499459%22%2C%22apply_phone%22:%2213630499459%22%2C%22scope%22:%22qmp%22%2C%22apply_state%22:3%2C%22liyou%22:%22%22%2C%22is_certify%22:0%2C%22ip%22:%22113.93.105.10%22%2C%22person_role%22:%22%22%2C%22claim_type%22:0%2C%22expireinfo%22:false%2C%22inneruser%22:false%2C%22apply_pro_state%22:3}'},
]

#可以看到，每个字典有多个键，它们的含义是：
name： cookie的名称
value： cookie对应的值，动态生成的
domain： 服务器域名
expiry： cookie有效终止日期
path： Path属性定义了Web服务器上哪些路径下的页面可获取服务器设置的cookie
httpOnly： 防脚本攻击
secure: 在cookie中标记该变量，表明只有当浏览器和Web Server之间的通信协议为加密认证协议时（当前即https），浏览器才向服务器提交相应的cookie

那好，得到了cookies后，再次用selenium登录，直接用for in循环加driver.add_cookie(cookie)就搞定了吧！
错错！！此时会弹出错误：

selenium.common.exceptions.InvalidCookieDomainException: Message: Cookies may only be set for the current domain (auth.qimingpian.com)

请看看domain：4个带vip，2个是不带vip的，域名不同，所以报错，琢磨了下，我改为这样，

driver.get('http://auth.qimingpian.com/finos.html')
for i in cookies:
    if i['domain'][1:] in driver.current_url:
        driver.add_cookie(i)

driver.get('http://vip.qimingpian.com/#/finos/investment/ishijian')
for i in cookies:
    if i['domain'][1:] in driver.current_url:
        driver.add_cookie(i)

driver.refresh()

ok！此时登录成功，特别说明下，selenium添加cookies时，得先登录网址才能添加cookies的

====================================================================================
上面是利用之前selenium登录后的cookies 再次到selenium上免登陆进入网页的，那么能用requests登录吗？
答案是肯定的，需要注意的是，requests的cookies只需name跟value
写法如下：

cookies1={}
for cookie in cookies:
    cookies1[cookie['name']]=cookie['value']

cookies1={
'time_token': '1528504828414', 
'Hm_lpvt_1e712c5331439bcf163b46f3d208f00b': '1528504823', 
'Hm_lvt_1e712c5331439bcf163b46f3d208f00b': '1528191935,1528192457,1528504823', 
'unionid': 'HYSyhBeZG1C9ydWJCU9/LhfTok2z/lioTdcZ4Td+LyS3oTbOlCL1akRJTwSrhAldeJWqqIs6kiQsM8IbOYgM5A==', 
'userinfo': '{%22nickname%22:%22%E5%81%A5%EB%88%88_%EB%88%88%22%2C%22headimgurl%22:%22http://img1.qimingpian.com/wximg/171351ea5349c8c3723c808b048ba818.jpg%22%2C%22coin%22:%2250%22%2C%22applySubmit%22:%220%22%2C%22team_flag%22:%220%22%2C%22team_uuid%22:%22%22%2C%22vip_out_date%22:%22%22%2C%22usernum%22:%22864636697%22%2C%22team_enterprise%22:%220%22%2C%22enterprise_coin%22:%220%22%2C%22is_admin%22:%220%22%2C%22is_manager%22:%220%22%2C%22first_shenqing%22:%220%22%2C%22phone%22:%2213630499459%22%2C%22apply_phone%22:%2213630499459%22%2C%22scope%22:%22qmp%22%2C%22apply_state%22:3%2C%22liyou%22:%22%22%2C%22is_certify%22:0%2C%22ip%22:%22113.93.105.10%22%2C%22person_role%22:%22%22%2C%22claim_type%22:0%2C%22expireinfo%22:false%2C%22inneruser%22:false%2C%22apply_pro_state%22:3}', 
'102921|0|0|9|1|1|': '102921%7C0%7C0%7C9%7C1%7C1%7C'
}

此时requests.get(url, cookies =cookies1, headers =headers) 即可

不过，如果你想反过来，用request的cookies在selenium上登陆，那是不行的！因为domain得指定！！

=========================================================================

在研究selenium登录百度时，发现很蛋疼的事，原来百度的cookies是不通用的！

百度首页：https://www.baidu.com/

百度贴吧：https://tieba.baidu.com

百度网盘：https://pan.baidu.com/

如果你用selenium登录了百度首页，然后把cookies保存下来，用此cookies是不能直接登录贴吧跟网盘的！不过网盘跟贴吧的倒可以直接登录首页。

原因出自哪里呢？原来还是domain！ 贴吧是'.tieba.baidu.com'  网盘是'.pan.baidu.com'

不同的，所以想要同时能登录，每个域名都得保持下来

'.pan.baidu.com'