oracle11g更改数据库字符集
oracle更改字符集说明
方法1，通过csalter.sql、csscan命令
- 演示环境说明
假设我们安装已经安装好了一个数据库，字符集为ZHS16GBK，库已经运行了一段时间。由于开发需求，需要将数据库服务器的端的字符集转换为AL32UTF8，下面开始演示步骤：
源数据库信息：
server character: AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
NLS_LANG: AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8
目标数据库信息:
server character:
NLS_LANG: AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8
- 配置相应的环境变量和执行相应的准备脚本
1) 查看和设置oracle客户端的环境变量NLS_LANG
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8
2).设置LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
注:不设置会出现, csscan: error while loading shared libraries: libclntsh.so.11.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
3).执行csminst.sql脚本，安装csscan，csalter
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> conn / as sysdba
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/csminst.sql
注:不执行，会出现CSS-00107: Character set migration utility schema not installed
- 创建演示用户，并且插入演示数据
SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;
USERENV('LANGUAGE')
----------------------------------------------------
AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
SQL> create user cnmef identified by cnmef ;
SQL> grant dba to cnmef;
SQL> conn cnmef/cnmef;
SQL> create table test(id number,name varchar2(64));
SQL> insert into test values (1,'柯凡');
SQL> commit;
SQL> select * from test;
ID NAME
---------- ------------------------------
1 柯凡
- 执行csscan命令，设置相应的字符集转换规则
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ csscan system/oracle
(1)Full database, (2)User, (3)Table, (4)Column: 1 > 1
Current database character set is ZHS16GBK.
Enter new database character set name: > AL32UTF8
...
Creating Database Scan Summary Report...
Creating Individual Exception Report...
Scanner terminated successfully.
- 检查scan.txt中的内容
检查scan.txt中的内容，确保Convertible列中的值为0，如果不为0，导出数据库中的对应的表，然后drop这些表。
1)导出Convertible不为空的表
SQL> create directory UPLOAD_DIR as '/upload';
SQL> grant read,write on directory UPLOAD_DIR to cnmef;
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ expdp cnmef/cnmef directory=UPLOAD_DIR dumpfile=cnmefdp0614.dmp tables='test'
2)drop表
SQL> conn cnmef/cnmef
SQL> drop table test;
3)重新执行csscan命令
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ csscan system/oracle FULL=y TOCHAR=AL32UTF8 TONCHAR=AL16UTF16 PROCESS=1 ARRAY=1024000
*注：确保csscan.txt中不要有Convertible为非0或者非空的值，如果不住行这一步，执行csalter.plb时会出现
“Checking or Converting phase did not finish successfully
No database (national) character set will be altered
CSALTER finished unsuccessfully”错误.*
- 以RESTRICT模式启动数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup restrict;
- 执行csalter.sql完成数据库的转换
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/csalter.plb
Would you like to proceed (Y/N)?Y
old 6: if (UPPER('&conf') <> 'Y') then
new 6: if (UPPER('Y') <> 'Y') then
Checking data validity...
begin converting system objects
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
Alter the database character set...
Alter the national database character set...
- 重新启动数据库，查看字符集是否设置成功
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup
SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;
USERENV('LANGUAGE')
AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
SQL>
- 导入相应的dmp文件
impdp cnmef/cnmef directory=UPLOAD_DIR dumpfile=cnmefdp0614.dmp
方法2：通过alter database修改
- 获取当前数据库的charcter set
SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;
USERENV('LANGUAGE')
AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
SQL>
- altersystem 修改数据库的参数
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup mount;
SQL> alter session set sql_trace=true;
SQL> alter system enable restricted session;
SQL> alter system set job_queue_processes=0;
SQL> alter system set aq_tm_processes=0;
SQL> alter database open;
/* ----->gbk ZHS16GBK*/
/*------>utf8 AL32UTF8*/
SQL> ALTER DATABASE character set INTERNAL_USE ZHS16GBK
- 重启数据库检查数据库的字符编码设置
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup
SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;
USERENV('LANGUAGE')
--------------------------------------------------------------------
AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK