关于ArrayList动态扩容

学习目标:

  • 初始化时元素个数是多少
  • 如何扩容

先来看看构造方法

无参数构造方法

    /**
     * Constructs an empty list with an initial capacity of ten.
     */
    public ArrayList() {
        this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
    }

这是无参数的构造方法,是对elementData(元素的数组)进行赋值DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA(空数组,我们暂时叫做默认空数组),明明是空数组,但是注释确实创建容量是10。好吧继续往下看。

再来看带参数的构造方法

    public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
        if (initialCapacity > 0) {
            //如果initialCapacity>0,创建initialCapacity个元素的数组
            this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
        } else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
            //等于0时,创建空数组
            this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
        } else {
            //否则直接抛出异常
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
                                               initialCapacity);
        }
    }

再看另一个构造方法

    public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) {
        elementData = c.toArray();
        if ((size = elementData.length) != 0) {
            // c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)
            if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class)
                elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class);
        } else {
            // replace with empty array.
            this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
        }
    }

就是直接将集合转为数组赋值给elementData,同时对size赋值,并且如果size不等于0时,c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)。我也是一脸懵逼。等于0时,直接赋值空的数组。

我们接着看add方法,先看一个参数的

    public boolean add(E e) {
        ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!
        elementData[size++] = e;
        return true;
    }

就是ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1) 并且将e添加到size++的位置,我们来看ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1)方法。

    private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
        if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
            minCapacity = Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
        }

        ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity);
    }

看这里

if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
            minCapacity = Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
}

还记得空参数的构造方法吗?DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10。也就是当空参数时创建ArrayList时,minCapacity = 10与minCapacity的最大值,显然创建时minCapacity = 0.这时minCapacity = 10,然后看ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity)

    private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
        modCount++;

        // overflow-conscious code
        if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
            grow(minCapacity);
    }

显然调用无参数构造方法时minCapacity - elementData.length > 0是成立的,我们再看grow(minCapacity)

    private void grow(int minCapacity) {
        // overflow-conscious code
        int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
        int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
        if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
            newCapacity = minCapacity;
        if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
            newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
        // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
        elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
    }

oldCapacity是元素个数newCapacity是oldCapacity+oldCapacity/2,即oldCapacity的1.5倍。当1.5倍的元素个数小于minCapacity时newCapacity = minCapacity。显然创建无参数ArrayList就是这种情况,这就解决了开头的第一个问题。调用无参数构造方法创建的是10个元素的长度。

我们再看当1.5倍元素个数大于 MAX_ARRAY_SIZE时newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);

    private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) {
        if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow
            throw new OutOfMemoryError();
        return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ?
            Integer.MAX_VALUE :
            MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
    }

到这里我们可以总结一下了:
无参构造方法调用add之后创建的是10个长度的数组。有参数则直接创建指定长度的数组。扩容时,小于MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8一次扩容1.5倍,超过则直接Integer.MAX_VALUE。

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