OpenStreetMap地图服务器安装

在CentOS 6.7上安装OSM地图服务器。

安装环境：CentOS-6.7-x86_64-minimal.iso

安装PostgreSQL数据库和PostGIS

curl -O https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/9.4/redhat/rhel-6-x86_64/pgdg-centos94-9.4-3.noarch.rpm
sudo rpm -ivh pgdg-centos94-9.4-3.noarch.rpm
sudo rpm -ivh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
sudo yum install postgresql94-server postgis22_94 postgresql94-devel

初始化数据库：

初始化，开启，添加到启动项

service postgresql-9.4 initdb
service postgresql-9.4 start
chkconfig postgresql-9.4 on

更改GCC版本

下载GCC4.9，编译安装
参考http://blog.techbeta.me/2015/10/linux-centos6-5-upgrade-gcc/

安装C和C++的静态库

yum install -y glibc-static libstdc++-static

安装旧版本的gcc、c++编译器

yum install gcc gcc-c++

安装wget：

yum install wget
wget ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/releases/gcc-4.9.0/gcc-4.9.0.tar.bz2
tar jxvf gcc-4.9.0.tar.bz2
cd gcc-4.9.0

下载一些必备的依赖程序

./contrib/download_prerequisites
./configure --enable-checking=release --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
make -j4
sudo make install

更改libstdc++动态连接库
参考https://itbilu.com/linux/management/NymXRUieg.html

寻找动态链接库

sudo find / -name "libstdc++.so*" 

找到以后复制

sudo cp /home/zhao/gcc-4.9.0/stage1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/libstdc++-v3/src/.libs/libstdc++.so.6.0.20  /usr/lib64

cd /usr/lib64
sudo rm -rf libstdc++.so.6
sudo ln -s libstdc++.so.6.0.20 libstdc++.so.6

strings /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 | grep GLIBC

结果显示有GLIBCXX_3.4.20

检查GCC版本，gcc –version显示为4.9即可

编译Boost

Boost版本使用1.50，这个是经过多次尝试以后确定的。Boost编译时候要带上with-python选项。

tar -zxvf boost_1_50_0.tar.gz
./bootstrap.sh
./b2 ./b2 -j4 --with-python 
sudo ./b2 -j4 --with-python install
sudo bash -c "echo '/usr/local/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/boost.conf"
sudo ldconfig

如果后续仍有环境变量问题，加入环境变量

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

如果需要卸载的话，移除默认的头文件目录/usr/local/include /boost和库文件目录/usr/local/lib/

安装Apache

sudo yum install httpd httpd-devel
service httpd start
service httpd stop
service httpd restart
sudo chkconfig httpd on

安装mapnik

在mapnik目录下面./configure一下，需要安装很多依赖，使用yum或者源码编译安装。如果全部解决了，./configure会提示可以编译了。

需要的依赖有

sudo yum install git
sudo yum install libicu-devel libtiff-devel libpng-devel libjpeg-devel zlib-devel proj proj-devel cairo pycairo cairo-devel pycairo-devel libxml2-devel freetype freetype-devel python-devel gdal gdal-devel 

如果Boost库没有加载，将其加入环境变量：

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

安装时候的参考

https://github.com/mapnik/mapnik/wiki/CentOS_RHEL

https://github.com/mapnik/mapnik/blob/master/INSTALL.md

git clone git://github.com/mapnik/mapnik
cd mapnik
git branch 2.2 origin/2.2.x
git checkout 2.2

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/pgsql-9.4/bin:/usr/pgsql-9.4/lib:/usr/local/lib
./configure
make -j4

检查/mapnik/plugins/input目录，确保下面有postgis.input文件，如果该文件没有出现，检查postgresql94-devel是否安装，检查环境变量是否加入export PATH=$PATH:/usr/pgsql-9.4/bin:/usr/pgsql-9.4/lib:/usr/local/lib。

sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

进入python界面，import mapnik成功导入不报错，则安装成功

import mapnik

检查/usr/local/lib/mapnik/目录下面是否有fonts文件夹，如果没有，需要创建fonts文件夹，并将mapnik源代码下面的fonts拷贝到该目录下面。

sudo mkdir /usr/local/lib/mapnik/fonts
sudo cp /home/zhao/mapnik/fonts/unifont-5.1.20080907.ttf /usr/local/lib/mapnik/fonts/
sudo cp -r /home/zhao/mapnik/fonts/dejavu-fonts-ttf-2.33 /usr/local/lib/mapnik/fonts/

安装mod_tile

git clone git://github.com/openstreetmap/mod_tile.git
sudo yum install autoconf automake libtool
cd mod_tile
./autogen.sh
./configure
make
sudo make install
sudo make install-mod_tile
sudo ldconfig

安装osm2pgsql

这步make会报错，提示GCC版本太低。让make使用GCC-4.9:
Make默认使用了/usr/bin/gcc，这里会造成编译错误，将链接修改一下

mv /usr/bin/gcc /usr/bin/gcc4.4.7
ln -s /usr/local/bin/gcc /usr/bin/gcc
mv /usr/bin/g++ /usr/bin/g++4.4.7
ln -s /usr/local/bin/g++ /usr/bin/g++
mv /usr/bin/cc /usr/bin/cc4.4.7
ln -s /usr/local/bin/cc /usr/bin/cc
mv /usr/bin/c++ /usr/bin/c++4.4.7
ln -s /usr/local/bin/c++ /usr/bin/c++

安装osm2pgsql

git clone git://github.com/openstreetmap/osm2pgsql.git
sudo yum install cmake bzip2-devel lua-devel
cd osm2pgsql
mkdir build && cd build && cmake ..
make
sudo make install

配置Postgresql

下面所有的username根据电脑情况进行更改

sudo -u postgres -i
createuser username 
createdb -E UTF8 -O username gis
psql
\c gis
CREATE EXTENSION postgis;
ALTER TABLE geometry_columns OWNER TO username;
ALTER TABLE spatial_ref_sys OWNER TO username;
\q
exit

导入风格文件

安装Nodejs 6.X：

curl -sL https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_6.x | bash -
yum install nodejs

安装Carto：

npm install -g carto   

如果速度慢就改成淘宝源：

sudo npm install cnpm -g --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
sudo cnpm install -g carto

然后下载编译风格文件

sudo yum install unzip
git clone git://github.com/gravitystorm/openstreetmap-carto.git
cd openstreetmap-carto
git checkout `git rev-list -n 1 --before="2016-12-04 00:00" master`

编译风格文件

carto project.mml > mapnik.xml
./get-shapefiles.sh

不同的风格：

OSMBright：https://github.com/mapbox/osm-bright

配置Renderd和mod_tile

参考配置文件，手动写入配置文件。配置以后重启Apache

sudo service httpd restart

手动修改配置 Renderd

vim /usr/local/etc/renderd.conf

修改

# Edit where your paths and number of threads differ
socketname=/var/run/renderd/renderd.sock
num_threads=4
plugins_dir=/usr/local/lib/mapnik/input
font_dir= /usr/local/lib/mapnik/fonts
XML= /home/zhao/openstreetmap-carto/mapnik.xml
HOST=localhost 

配置 mod_tile

vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/mod_tile.conf

修改

# Edit the ServerName and ServerAlias to suit your server
# Also update LoadTileConfigFile and ModTileRenderdSocketName if this differs on your server
LoadModule tile_module /etc/httpd/modules/mod_tile.so

    ServerName map.zhao.io

    DocumentRoot /var/www/html

    # Specify the default base storage path for where tiles live. A number of different storage backends
    # are available, that can be used for storing tiles.  Currently these are a file based storage, a memcached
    # based storage and a RADOS based storage.
    # The file based storage uses a simple file path as its storage path ( /path/to/tiledir )
    # The RADOS based storage takes a location to the rados config file and a pool name ( rados://poolname/path/to/ceph.conf )
    # The memcached based storage currently has no configuration options and always connects to memcached on localhost ( memcached:// )
    #
    # The storage path can be overwritten on a style by style basis from the style TileConfigFile
    ModTileTileDir /var/lib/mod_tile

    # You can either manually configure each tile set with the default png extension and mimetype
    #    AddTileConfig /folder/ TileSetName
    # or manually configure each tile set, specifying the file extension
    #    AddTileMimeConfig /folder/ TileSetName js
    # or load all the tile sets defined in the configuration file into this virtual host.
    # Some tile set specific configuration parameters can only be specified via the configuration file option
    LoadTileConfigFile /usr/local/etc/renderd.conf

    # Specify if mod_tile should keep tile delivery stats, which can be accessed from the URL /mod_tile
    # The default is On. As keeping stats needs to take a lock, this might have some performance impact,
    # but for nearly all intents and purposes this should be negligable ans so it is safe to keep this turned on.
    ModTileEnableStats On

    # Turns on bulk mode. In bulk mode, mod_tile does not request any dirty tiles to be rerendered. Missing tiles
    # are always requested in the lowest priority. The default is Off.
    ModTileBulkMode Off
    ModTileRequestTimeout 3

    # Timeout before giving up for a tile to be rendered that is otherwise missing
    ModTileMissingRequestTimeout 10

    # If tile is out of date, don't re-render it if past this load threshold (users gets old tile)
    ModTileMaxLoadOld 16

    # If tile is missing, don't render it if past this load threshold (user gets 404 error)
    ModTileMaxLoadMissing 50

    # Sets how old an expired tile has to be to be considered very old and therefore get elevated priority in rendering
    ModTileVeryOldThreshold 31536000000000

    # Unix domain socket where we connect to the rendering daemon
    ModTileRenderdSocketName /var/run/renderd/renderd.sock

    # Alternatively you can use a TCP socket to connect to renderd. The first part
    # is the location of the renderd server and the second is the port to connect to.
    #   ModTileRenderdSocketAddr renderd.mydomain.com 7653

    ##
    ## Options controlling the cache proxy expiry headers. All values are in seconds.
    ##
    ## Caching is both important to reduce the load and bandwidth of the server, as
    ## well as reduce the load time for the user. The site loads fastest if tiles can be
    ## taken from the users browser cache and no round trip through the internet is needed.
    ## With minutely or hourly updates, however there is a trade-off between cacheability
    ## and freshness. As one can't predict the future, these are only heuristics, that
    ## need tuning.
    ## If there is a known update schedule such as only using weekly planet dumps to update the db,
    ## this can also be taken into account through the constant PLANET_INTERVAL in render_config.h
    ## but requires a recompile of mod_tile

    ## The values in this sample configuration are not the same as the defaults
    ## that apply if the config settings are left out. The defaults are more conservative
    ## and disable most of the heuristics.

    ##
    ## Caching is always a trade-off between being up to date and reducing server load or
    ## client side latency and bandwidth requirements. Under some conditions, like poor
    ## network conditions it might be more important to have good caching rather than the latest tiles.
    ## Therefor the following config options allow to set a special hostheader for which the caching
    ## behaviour is different to the normal heuristics
    ##
    ## The CacheExtended parameters overwrite all other caching parameters (including CacheDurationMax)
    ## for tiles being requested via the hostname CacheExtendedHostname
    #ModTileCacheExtendedHostname cache.tile.openstreetmap.org
    #ModTileCacheExtendedDuration 2592000

    # Upper bound on the length a tile will be set cacheable, which takes
    # precedence over other settings of cacheing
    ModTileCacheDurationMax 604800

    # Sets the time tiles can be cached for that are known to by outdated and have been
    # sent to renderd to be rerendered. This should be set to a value corresponding
    # roughly to how long it will take renderd to get through its queue. There is an additional
    # fuzz factor on top of this to not have all tiles expire at the same time
    ModTileCacheDurationDirty 900

    # Specify the minimum time mod_tile will set the cache expiry to for fresh tiles. There
    # is an additional fuzz factor of between 0 and 3 hours on top of this.
    ModTileCacheDurationMinimum 10800

    # Lower zoom levels are less likely to change noticeable, so these could be cached for longer
    # without users noticing much.
    # The heuristic offers three levels of zoom, Low, Medium and High, for which different minimum
    # cacheing times can be specified.

    #Specify the zoom level below  which Medium starts and the time in seconds for which they can be cached
    ModTileCacheDurationMediumZoom 13 86400

    #Specify the zoom level below which Low starts and the time in seconds for which they can be cached
    ModTileCacheDurationLowZoom 9 518400

    # A further heuristic to determine cacheing times is when was the last time a tile has changed.
    # If it hasn't changed for a while, it is less likely to change in the immediate future, so the
    # tiles can be cached for longer.
    # For example, if the factor is 0.20 and the tile hasn't changed in the last 5 days, it can be cached
    # for up to one day without having to re-validate.
    ModTileCacheLastModifiedFactor 0.20

    ## Tile Throttling
    ## Tile scrappers can often download large numbers of tiles and overly straining tileserver resources
    ## mod_tile therefore offers the ability to automatically throttle requests from ip addresses that have
    ## requested a lot of tiles.
    ## The mechanism uses a token bucket approach to shape traffic. I.e. there is an initial pool of n tiles
    ## per ip that can be requested arbitrarily fast. After that this pool gets filled up at a constant rate
    ## The algorithm has two metrics. One based on overall tiles served to an ip address and a second one based on
    ## the number of requests to renderd / tirex to render a new tile.

    ## Overall enable or disable tile throttling
    ModTileEnableTileThrottling Off
    # Specify if you want to use the connecting IP for throtteling, or use the X-Forwarded-For header to determin the
    # IP address to be used for tile throttling. This can be useful if you have a reverse proxy / http accellerator
    # in front of your tile server.
    # 0 - don't use X-Forward-For and allways use the IP that apache sees
    # 1 - use the client IP address, i.e. the first entry in the X-Forwarded-For list. This works through a cascade of proxies.
    #     However, as the X-Forwarded-For is written by the client this is open to manipulation and can be used to circumvent the throttling
    # 2 - use the last specified IP in the X-Forwarded-For list. If you know all requests come through a reverse proxy
    #     that adds an X-Forwarded-For header, you can trust this IP to be the IP the reverse proxy saw for the request
    ModTileEnableTileThrottlingXForward 0
    ## Parameters (poolsize in tiles and topup rate in tiles per second) for throttling tile serving.
    ModTileThrottlingTiles 10000 1
    ## Parameters (poolsize in tiles and topup rate in tiles per second) for throttling render requests.
    ModTileThrottlingRenders 128 0.2

    ###
    ###
    # increase the log level for more detailed information
    LogLevel debug

下载地图数据并导入数据库

从https://www.openstreetmap.org/ 和http://download.geofabrik.de/网站下载地图。

osm2pgsql --slim -d gis -C 1600 --number-processes 4 china-latest.osm.pbf

打开防火墙端口，解除SELinux访问限制

防火墙：
查看端口情况netstat -ntlp，查看80端口是否为监听状态，如果不是，需要打开80端口。

sudo /sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
sudo /etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables save
sudo /etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables restart

在浏览器中访问服务器，能够出现Apache的默认页面。

关闭访问控制SELinux：
查看selinux的详细状态，如果为enable则表示为开启

/usr/sbin/sestatus –v

临时性关闭（立即生效，但是重启服务器后失效）

setenforce 0 #设置selinux为permissive模式（即关闭）
setenforce 1 #设置selinux为enforcing模式（即开启）

永久关闭：
修改/etc/selinux/config 文件
将SELINUX=enforcing改为SELINUX=disabled

开启地图服务器

创建必要的目录

sudo mkdir /var/run/renderd
sudo chown username /var/run/renderd
sudo mkdir /var/lib/mod_tile
sudo chown username /var/lib/mod_tile

开启

renderd -f -c /usr/local/etc/renderd.conf

访问http://localhost/osm_tiles/0/0/0.png，其中localhost替换为服务器地址。如果出现世界地图，则安装成功