1. 问题背景描述
在工作中需要在没有项目源码的情况下直接使用robotium测试目标android平台launcher，平台的版本基于当前最新的android 4.4.2。之前在验证可行性的时候使用本人同样使用android4.4.2的测试手机htc incredable s针对一个只有apk的notepad应用做过同样的验证，在测试手机上运行完全没有问题。该测试代码如下：
package com.example.android.notepad.tryout; import com.robotium.solo.Solo; import android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2; import android.widget.TextView; import android.app.Activity; @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes") public class NotePadTest extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2{ private static Solo solo = null; public Activity activity; private static final int NUMBER_TOTAL_CASES = 2; private static int run = 0; private static Class launchActivityClass; //对应re-sign.jar生成出来的信息框里的两个值 private static String mainActiviy = "com.example.android.notepad.NotesList"; private static String packageName = "com.example.android.notepad"; static { try { launchActivityClass = Class.forName(mainActiviy); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public NotePadTest() { super(packageName, launchActivityClass); } @Override public void setUp() throws Exception { //setUp() is run before a test case is started. //This is where the solo object is created. super.setUp(); //The variable solo has to be static, since every time after a case's finished, this class TCCreateNote would be re-instantiated // which would lead to soto to re-instantiated to be null if it's not set as static //TextView title = (TextView)getActivity().findViewById(Ref.id.title); if(solo == null) { NotePadTest.solo = new Solo(getInstrumentation(),getActivity()); } } @Override public void tearDown() throws Exception { //Check whether it's the last case executed. run += countTestCases(); if(run >= NUMBER_TOTAL_CASES) { solo.finishOpenedActivities(); } } public void testAddNoteCNTitle() throws Exception { //Thread.sleep(5000); solo.clickOnMenuItem("Add note"); solo.enterText(0, "中文标签笔记"); solo.clickOnMenuItem("Save"); solo.clickInList(0); solo.clearEditText(0); solo.enterText(0, "Text 1"); solo.clickOnMenuItem("Save"); solo.assertCurrentActivity("Expected NotesList Activity", "NotesList"); solo.clickLongOnText("中文标签笔记"); solo.clickOnText("Delete"); } public void testAddNoteEngTitle() throws Exception { solo.clickOnMenuItem("Add note"); solo.enterText(0, "English Title Note"); solo.clickOnMenuItem("Save"); solo.clickInList(0); solo.clearEditText(0); solo.enterText(0, "Text 1"); solo.clickOnMenuItem("Save"); solo.assertCurrentActivity("Expected NotesList Activity", "NotesList"); solo.clickLongOnText("English Title Note"); solo.clickOnText("Delete"); } }
但在工作的测试目标平台launcher中使用同样的方法去setup并运行简单的测试时碰到问题：测试程序一直挂起没有返回，程序挂起在以下getaActivity()方法（因是公司代码，故以notepad测试代码取代之）：
@Override public void setUp() throws Exception { //setUp() is run before a test case is started. //This is where the solo object is created. super.setUp(); //The variable solo has to be static, since every time after a case's finished, this class TCCreateNote would be re-instantiated // which would lead to soto to re-instantiated to be null if it's not set as static if(solo == null) { NotePadTest.solo = new Solo(getInstrumentation(),getActivity()); } }当时一直怀疑是否系统launcher的robotium初始化和setup方法跟普通的apk不一样，google上有历史文章描述getActivity()在Android 2.xx.xx上确实有这个问题，但后来的版本已经解决，而本人使用的时当前最的4.4.2，所以不应该还存在这种问题。针对这个思路去尝试找解决办法终无果。
2.问题分析
既然是getActvity()方法出现问题，而该方法原有的bug也已经在最新的版本fixed，在google无所获的情况下也只能剩下分析源码这条路了。因为是自己刚在backbook上搭建的自动化研究平台，为了节省时间，当时没有下载android的相应源码，只有sdk，所以第一步必须是先在项目中配置使用上android的源码，其理与配置javadoc相近，请查看本人之前的一篇文章《
How to Configure Javadoc for Robotium Library》，这里不做累术。
加入源码后调试分析，最终程序挂起在android.test.InstrumentationTestCase中的launchActivityWithIntent方法中,以下是eclipse中的调试截图示例：
以下是该方法的完整代码片段：
/** * Utility method for launching an activity with a specific Intent. * * NOTE: The parameter pkg must refer to the package identifier of the * package hosting the activity to be launched, which is specified in the AndroidManifest.xml * file. This is not necessarily the same as the java package name. * * @param pkg The package hosting the activity to be launched. * @param activityCls The activity class to launch. * @param intent The intent to launch with * @return The activity, or null if non launched. */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public final T launchActivityWithIntent( String pkg, Class activityCls, Intent intent) { intent.setClassName(pkg, activityCls.getName()); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); T activity = (T) getInstrumentation().startActivitySync(intent); getInstrumentation().waitForIdleSync(); return activity; }
导致挂起的位置是里面的getInstrumentation().waitForIdleSync()方法，到了这里再代码跟踪进去看到的就是android.app.instrumentation这个基类里面:
/** * Synchronously wait for the application to be idle. Can not be called * from the main application thread -- use {@link #start} to execute * instrumentation in its own thread. */ public void waitForIdleSync() { validateNotAppThread(); Idler idler = new Idler(null); mMessageQueue.addIdleHandler(idler); mThread.getHandler().post(new EmptyRunnable()); idler.waitForIdle(); }- 首先确保调用这个方法的来源不是application的主线程
- 然后把当前等待application变成idle的请求放到消息队列中
- 最后等待app在处理完所有事件达到idle状态的时候返回
带着这个思路在调整google关键字在stackoverflow中找到了国外同行碰到的一个类似的问题：http://stackoverflow.com/questions/20860832/why-does-getactivity-block-during-junit-test-when-custom-imageview-calls-start
这里总结下本人研究过程中了解到的robotium初始化solo的时候
new Solo(getInstrumentation(),getActivity())中getActivity所做的事情：
- 如果目标activity没有起来，那么启动该activity并放在前台
- 如果目标activity已经起来，那么直接放在前台等待被测试
- 如果该该activity所属application在自动不停的接受事件，直接调用getActivity会因为一直等待application变成idle状态而挂起
3. 解决方法
本人按照项目中的目标测试launcher的实际情况想到的解决方法是在初始化solo的时候不去调用getActivity()这个InstrumentationTestCase2的方法：
solo = new Solo(getInstrumentation());package com.example.android.notepad.tryout; import com.robotium.solo.Solo; import android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2; import android.widget.TextView; import android.app.Activity; @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes") public class NotePadTest extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2{ private static Solo solo = null; public Activity activity; private static final int NUMBER_TOTAL_CASES = 2; private static int run = 0; private static Class launchActivityClass; //对应re-sign.jar生成出来的信息框里的两个值 private static String mainActiviy = "com.example.android.notepad.NotesList"; private static String packageName = "com.example.android.notepad"; static { try { launchActivityClass = Class.forName(mainActiviy); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public NotePadTest() { super(packageName, launchActivityClass); } @Override public void setUp() throws Exception { //setUp() is run before a test case is started. //This is where the solo object is created. super.setUp(); //The variable solo has to be static, since every time after a case's finished, this class TCCreateNote would be re-instantiated // which would lead to soto to re-instantiated to be null if it's not set as static //TextView title = (TextView)getActivity().findViewById(Ref.id.title); if(solo == null) { NotePadTest.solo = new Solo(getInstrumentation());//, getActivity()); } } @Override public void tearDown() throws Exception { //Check whether it's the last case executed. run += countTestCases(); if(run >= NUMBER_TOTAL_CASES) { solo.finishOpenedActivities(); } } public void testAddNoteCNTitle() throws Exception { //getActivity(); Thread.sleep(5000); solo.clickOnMenuItem("Add note"); solo.enterText(0, "中文标签笔记"); solo.clickOnMenuItem("Save"); solo.clickInList(0); solo.clearEditText(0); solo.enterText(0, "Text 1"); solo.clickOnMenuItem("Save"); solo.assertCurrentActivity("Expected NotesList Activity", "NotesList"); solo.clickLongOnText("中文标签笔记"); solo.clickOnText("Delete"); } }
刚才stackoverflow上提到的另外一个方法是重写getActivity()这个IntrumentationTestCase2的方法（注意我们所有的robotium测试类都是继承于该class的):
@Override public MyActivity getActivity() { if (mActivity == null) { Intent intent = new Intent(getInstrumentation().getTargetContext(), MyActivity.class); intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); // register activity that need to be monitored. monitor = getInstrumentation().addMonitor(MyActivity.class.getName(), null, false); getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().startActivity(intent); mActivity = (MyActivity) getInstrumentation().waitForMonitor(monitor); setActivity(mActivity); } return mActivity; }| 作者 |
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Robotium Stuck Hung
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