点积 与 余弦定理


点积的几何表示为: a ⋅ b = ∣ a ∣ ∣ b ∣ cos ⁡ θ a \cdot b = |a||b|\cos\theta ab=abcosθ,向量表示为: a ⋅ b = a T b a \cdot b = a^Tb ab=aTb

所以: a ⋅ b = a T b = ∣ a ∣ ∣ b ∣ cos ⁡ θ a\cdot b=a^Tb=|a||b|\cos\theta ab=aTb=abcosθ
点积 与 余弦定理_第1张图片
c = a − b c = a - b c=ab,于是有
c 2 = ( a − b ) 2 = ( a − b ) T ( a − b ) = ( a T − b T ) ( a − b ) = a T a + b T b − 2 a T b = a 2 + b 2 − 2 a ⋅ b = a 2 + b 2 − 2 ∣ a ∣ ∣ b ∣ c o s θ \begin{aligned} c^2& = (a-b)^2 \\&=(a-b)^T(a-b) \\&=(a^T-b^T)(a-b) \\&=a^Ta+b^Tb-2a^Tb \\&=a^2+b^2-2a\cdot b \\&=a^2+b^2-2|a||b|cos\theta \end{aligned} c2=(ab)2=(ab)T(ab)=(aTbT)(ab)=aTa+bTb2aTb=a2+b22ab=a2+b22abcosθ

这就是余弦定理

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