一、安装Gradle
1.首先确保你安装的JDK1.5或以上版本;
C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS>java -version
java version "1.8.0_65"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_65-b17)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.65-b01, mixed mode)
2.从官方网站下载相应的版本,将下载文件解压到某个目录;
C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS>gradle -v
------------------------------------------------------------
Gradle 2.2.1
------------------------------------------------------------
Build time: 2014-11-24 09:45:35 UTC
Build number: none
Revision: 6fcb59c06f43a4e6b1bcb401f7686a8601a1fb4a
Groovy: 2.3.6
Ant: Apache Ant(TM) version 1.9.3 compiled on December 23 2013
JVM: 1.8.0_45 (Oracle Corporation 25.45-b02)
OS: Windows 7 6.1 amd64
二、开始使用Gradle
1.每个Gradle构建都是一个脚本开始的,构建默认的脚本名称是build.gradle。当执行gradle命令的时候,Gradle会去寻找名字为build.gradle的文件。如果找不到,就会显示一个帮助信息;
C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle
:help
Welcome to Gradle 2.2.1.
To run a build, run gradle ...
To see a list of available tasks, run gradle tasks
To see a list of command-line options, run gradle --help
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 3.132 secs
2.创建build.gradle文件,创建task叫做helloWorld,文件如下。并运行该任务:gradle -q helloWord;
build.gradle文件
task helloWorld{
//task执行的最后一个目标
doLast {
println 'Hello world!'
}
}
运行task任务helloWord,通过-q定义可选命令行选项quiet。
C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle -q helloWorld
Hello world!
3.创建新的build.gradle文件,演示gradle的task依赖dependsOn来说明task之间的依赖,Gradle和Ant很好的集成,定义动态task,运行时指定它们的名字;
build.gradle文件
task startSession << {
chant()
}
def chant() {
//隐含对Ant任务的使用
ant.echo(message: 'Repeat after me ...')
}
//动态任务的定义
3.times {
task "yayGradle$it" << {
println 'gradle tocks'
}
}
//依赖任务
yayGradle0.dependsOn startSession
yayGradle2.dependsOn yayGradle1, yayGradle0
task groupTherapy (dependsOn: yayGradle2)
运行gradle构建,执行命令gralde groupTherapy。gradle task执行顺序:startSession->yayGradle0->yayGradle1->yayGradle2->groupTherapy;
C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle groupTherapy
:startSession
[ant:echo] Repeat after me ...
:yayGradle0
gradle tocks
:yayGradle1
gradle tocks
:yayGradle2
gradle tocks
:groupTherapy
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 3.83 secs
三、使用Gradle的命令行
1.gradle提供了一个叫做tasks的帮助任务来帮助你查看构建脚本和显示每个可以使用的task,包含描述该task作用的信息;
C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle -q tasks
------------------------------------------------------------
All tasks runnable from root project
------------------------------------------------------------
//任务组Build Setup,看做是多个task的集群
Build Setup tasks
-----------------
init - Initializes a new Gradle build. [incubating]
wrapper - Generates Gradle wrapper files. [incubating]
//Help任务组,列出了任务名字和它们的描述
Help tasks
----------
components - Displays the components produced by root project 'HelloWorld'. [incubating]
dependencies - Displays all dependencies declared in root project 'HelloWorld'.
dependencyInsight - Displays the insight into a specific dependency in root project 'HelloWorld'.
help - Displays a help message.
projects - Displays the sub-projects of root project 'HelloWorld'.
properties - Displays the properties of root project 'HelloWorld'.
tasks - Displays the tasks runnable from root project 'HelloWorld'.
//如果某个task不属于任何一个任务组,那么它就会显示在Other tasks中
Other tasks
-----------
groupTherapy
To see all tasks and more detail, run with --all.
2.查看构建脚本中定义的其他的task;
C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle -q tasks - -all
… …
Other tasks
-----------
//依赖关系图的根task,以执行顺序用缩进的方式列出依赖任务的名字
groupTherapy
startSession
yayGradle0
yayGradle1
yayGradle2
四、任务执行
1.通过在命令行中通过多个参数,一次执行多个任务;
C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle yayGradle0 groupTherapy
:startSession
[ant:echo] Repeat after me ...
:yayGradle0
gradle tocks
:yayGradle1
gradle tocks
:yayGradle2
gradle tocks
:groupTherapy
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 3.826 secs
2.可以使用驼峰式的缩写在命令行上运行任务,任务名字的缩写必须是唯一的,Gradle才能找到相应的任务;
正确执行
C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle yG0 gT
:startSession
[ant:echo] Repeat after me ...
:yayGradle0
gradle tocks
:yayGradle1
gradle tocks
:yayGradle2
gradle tocks
:groupTherapy
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 3.8 secs
错误执行
build.gradle文件
task groupTherapy << {
}
task generateTests << {
}
C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle yG0 gT
FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.
* What went wrong:
Task 'yG0' not found in root project 'HelloWorld'.
* Try:
Run gradle tasks to get a list of available tasks. Run with --stacktrace option
to get the stack trace. Run with --info
or --debug
option to get more log output.
BUILD FAILED
Total time: 4.423 secs
3.在执行任务时排除一个任务,-x参数来实现;
C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle groupTherapy -x
//gradle排除了和它依赖的任务yayGradle0和startSession
yayGradle0
:yayGradle1
gradle tocks
:yayGradle2
gradle tocks
:groupTherapy
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 3.511 secs
五、命令行选项
1.-?,h,- -help:打印所有可用的命令行选项,包含描述信息;
2.-b,--build-file:执行一个特定名字的构建脚本;
3.-i,--info:将Gradle的日志级别的改变到INFO以获得更多信息;
4.-s,--stacktrace:构建在运行出现错误,有异常抛出时会打印出简短的堆栈跟踪信息;
5.-q,--quiet:减少构建出错时打印出来的错误日志信息;
六、Gradle守护进程
1.守护进程以后台进程方式运行Gradle。一旦启动,gradle命令就会在后续的构建中重用之前创建的守护进行,以避免启动时造成的开销;
2.--daemon选项,守护进行只会被创建一次,即时你在命令加了--daemon选项;
3.守护进行会在3个小时空闲时之后自动活期;
4.--no-daemon,手动停止守护进程;
C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle groupTherapy --daemon
:startSession
[ant:echo] Repeat after me ...
:yayGradle0
gradle tocks
:yayGradle1
gradle tocks
:yayGradle2
gradle tocks
:groupTherapy
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 2.171 secs