12306抢票爬虫selenium+Chromedriver（需手动完成支付）

1. 先看动态结果：只能到预定锁定车票，30分钟内手动付款，车票会被自动取消。

   如果是暂无余票，就会一直查询余票信息，直到有余票时，自动预定，比如G7暂无余票，为了防止反爬虫，设置的刷票间隔时间长一点，这样更安全。

    

2. 使用selenium+chromedriver工具，自动查询余票，和订票，如果暂时无票，程序会一直不停的查询余票情况。
3. 首先需要输入出发城市，到达城市，和乘车日期，车次，乘车人等信息，然后登陆，实现自动购票。
4. 不足之处：不能同时查询，多个车次，正在尝试选择解决办法。
5. 代码如下

   # project:  12306
   # author:  liulei
   # time:  2019/8/20 8:44
   # file:  qiangpiao1.py
   import random
   import time
   
   from selenium import webdriver
   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
   from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC #期望的条件
   from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
   
   
   class Qiangpiao(object):
       def __init__(self):
           self.login_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init'
           self.initmy_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/view/index.html'
           # self.initmy_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/index/initMy12306'
           self.search_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init'
           self.confirmPassenger = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/initDc'
           self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r'C:\chromedriver\chromedriver.exe') #驱动chrome浏览器进行操作
   
       def wait_input(self):
           self.from_station = input('出发地：')
           self.to_station = input('目的地：')        
           self.depart_time = input('出发日期：')     
           self.passengers = input('乘客姓名(多名乘客请用英文逗号隔开)：').split(',')
           self.trains = input('车次：').split(',') 
   
       def _login(self):
           self.driver.get(self.login_url) #打开登录界面
           WebDriverWait(self.driver,1000).until(EC.url_to_be(self.initmy_url))
           print('登录成功！')
   
       def _order_ticket(self):       
           self.driver.get(self.search_url)
           WebDriverWait(self.driver, 1000).until(EC.text_to_be_present_in_element_value((By.ID, "fromStationText"), self.from_station))
           WebDriverWait(self.driver, 1000).until(EC.text_to_be_present_in_element_value((By.ID, "toStationText"), self.to_station))
           WebDriverWait(self.driver, 1000).until(EC.text_to_be_present_in_element_value((By.ID, "train_date"), self.depart_time))
           WebDriverWait(self.driver, 1000).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, "query_ticket")))
           searchBotton = self.driver.find_element_by_id("query_ticket")
           searchBotton.click()
           WebDriverWait(self.driver, 1000).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH,".//tbody[@id = 'queryLeftTable']/tr")))
           tr_list = self.driver.find_elements_by_xpath(".//tbody[@id ='queryLeftTable']/tr[not(@datatran)]")
           for tr in tr_list:
               train_number = tr.find_element_by_class_name('number').text
               if train_number in self.trains:
                   left_ticket = tr.find_element_by_xpath('.//td[4]').text #找到二等座
                   # 如果暂时无票,抢票(循环不停的刷新余票)
                   count = 1
                   while left_ticket == '无' or left_ticket == '--' or left_ticket =='候补':
                       print("暂无余票,正在尝试第%s次抢票···" % count)
                       time.sleep(random.randint(300, 1000))
   
                       searchBotton.click()
                       count += 1
   
                   if left_ticket == '有' or left_ticket.isdigit: #判断输入的车次是否在列表中
                       orderBotton = tr.find_element_by_class_name('btn72')
                       orderBotton.click()
   
                       WebDriverWait(self.driver, 1000).until(EC.url_to_be(self.confirmPassenger))
                       WebDriverWait(self.driver, 1000).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH,".//ul[@id = 'normal_passenger_id']/li")))
                       passanger_labels = self.driver.find_elements_by_xpath(".//ul[@id = 'normal_passenger_id']/li/label")
                       for passanger_label in passanger_labels: 
                           name = passanger_label.text
                           if name in self.passengers:
                               time.sleep(1)
                               passanger_label.click() 
                       submitBotton = self.driver.find_element_by_id('submitOrder_id')
                       time.sleep(1)
                       submitBotton.click()
                       WebDriverWait(self.driver, 1000).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME,'dhtmlx_wins_body_outer')))
                       WebDriverWait(self.driver, 1000).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'qr_submit_id')))
                       ConBotton = self.driver.find_element_by_id('qr_submit_id')
                       time.sleep(1)
                       ConBotton.click()
                       print("车票预定成功，请手动完成支付！")
                       print("系统正常退出……")
                       exit()
   
       def run(self):
           self.wait_input()
           self._login()
           self._order_ticket()
   
   
   if __name__ == '__main__':
       spider = Qiangpiao()
       spider.run()