转载自:http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/5095821.html
paramiko安装:
安装环境:ubuntu-14.04.2
1、首先确定一下gcc是否安装,如果没有安装的话需要安装一下
# 安装命令 sudo apt-get install gcc
2、需要安装PyCrypto
下载地址:https://www.dlitz.net/software/pycrypto/ # 我下载的是pycrypto-2.6.1.tar.gz tar -zxf pycrypto-2.6.1.tar.gz cd pycrypto-2.6.1/ python setup.py build sudo python setup.py install 检查是否安装成功: 进入python解释环境下导入Crypto模块,没有报错说明安装成功: >>> import Crypto
3、安装paramiko
sudo pip install paramiko 如果没有安装pip的可以参考:http://www.cnblogs.com/CongZhang/p/5111195.html 检查paramiko是否安装成功: 进入python解释器环境下导入paramiko模块,没有报错说明安装成功: >>> import paramiko
开发堡垒机之前,先来学习Python的paramiko模块,该模块机遇SSH用于连接远程服务器并执行相关操作
SSHClient
用于连接远程服务器并执行基本命令
基于用户名密码连接:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
|
import
paramiko
# 创建SSH对象
ssh
=
paramiko.SSHClient()
# 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# 连接服务器
ssh.connect(hostname
=
'c1.salt.com'
, port
=
22
, username
=
'wupeiqi'
, password
=
'123'
)
# 执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr
=
ssh.exec_command(
'df'
)
# 获取命令结果
result
=
stdout.read()
# 关闭连接
ssh.close()
|
import paramiko transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22)) transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', password='123') ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = transport stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df') print stdout.read() transport.close()
基于公钥密钥连接:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
|
import
paramiko
private_key
=
paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(
'/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa'
)
# 创建SSH对象
ssh
=
paramiko.SSHClient()
# 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# 连接服务器
ssh.connect(hostname
=
'c1.salt.com'
, port
=
22
, username
=
'wupeiqi'
, key
=
private_key)
# 执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr
=
ssh.exec_command(
'df'
)
# 获取命令结果
result
=
stdout.read()
# 关闭连接
ssh.close()
|
import paramiko private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa') transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22)) transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key) ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = transport stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df') transport.close()
SFTPClient
用于连接远程服务器并执行上传下载
基于用户名密码上传下载
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
|
import
paramiko
transport
=
paramiko.Transport((
'hostname'
,
22
))
transport.connect(username
=
'wupeiqi'
,password
=
'123'
)
sftp
=
paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put(
'/tmp/location.py'
,
'/tmp/test.py'
)
# 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path
sftp.get(
'remove_path'
,
'local_path'
)
transport.close()
|
基于公钥密钥上传下载
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
|
import
paramiko
private_key
=
paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(
'/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa'
)
transport
=
paramiko.Transport((
'hostname'
,
22
))
transport.connect(username
=
'wupeiqi'
, pkey
=
private_key )
sftp
=
paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put(
'/tmp/location.py'
,
'/tmp/test.py'
)
# 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path
sftp.get(
'remove_path'
,
'local_path'
)
transport.close()
|
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import paramiko import uuid class Haproxy(object): def __init__(self): self.host = '172.16.103.191' self.port = 22 self.username = 'wupeiqi' self.pwd = '123' self.__k = None def create_file(self): file_name = str(uuid.uuid4()) with open(file_name,'w') as f: f.write('sb') return file_name def run(self): self.connect() self.upload() self.rename() self.close() def connect(self): transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port)) transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd) self.__transport = transport def close(self): self.__transport.close() def upload(self): # 连接,上传 file_name = self.create_file() sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport) # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py sftp.put(file_name, '/home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py') def rename(self): ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = self.__transport # 执行命令 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('mv /home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py /home/wupeiqi/ooooooooo.py') # 获取命令结果 result = stdout.read() ha = Haproxy() ha.run()
堡垒机的实现
实现思路:
堡垒机执行流程:
- 管理员为用户在服务器上创建账号(将公钥放置服务器,或者使用用户名密码)
- 用户登陆堡垒机,输入堡垒机用户名密码,现实当前用户管理的服务器列表
- 用户选择服务器,并自动登陆
- 执行操作并同时将用户操作记录
注:配置.brashrc实现ssh登陆后自动执行脚本,如:/usr/bin/python /home/wupeiqi/menu.py
实现过程
步骤一,实现用户登陆
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
|
import
getpass
user
=
raw_input
(
'username:'
)
pwd
=
getpass.getpass(
'password'
)
if
user
=
=
'alex'
and
pwd
=
=
'123'
:
print
'登陆成功'
else
:
print
'登陆失败'
|
步骤二,根据用户获取相关服务器列表
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
|
dic
=
{
'alex'
: [
'172.16.103.189'
,
'c10.puppet.com'
,
'c11.puppet.com'
,
],
'eric'
: [
'c100.puppet.com'
,
]
}
host_list
=
dic[
'alex'
]
print
'please select:'
for
index, item
in
enumerate
(host_list,
1
):
print
index, item
inp
=
raw_input
(
'your select (No):'
)
inp
=
int
(inp)
hostname
=
host_list[inp
-
1
]
port
=
22
|
步骤三,根据用户名、私钥登陆服务器
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
|
tran
=
paramiko.Transport((hostname, port,))
tran.start_client()
default_path
=
os.path.join(os.environ[
'HOME'
],
'.ssh'
,
'id_rsa'
)
key
=
paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(default_path)
tran.auth_publickey(
'wupeiqi'
, key)
# 打开一个通道
chan
=
tran.open_session()
# 获取一个终端
chan.get_pty()
# 激活器
chan.invoke_shell()
#########
# 利用sys.stdin,肆意妄为执行操作
# 用户在终端输入内容,并将内容发送至远程服务器
# 远程服务器执行命令,并将结果返回
# 用户终端显示内容
#########
chan.close()
tran.close()
|
按 Ctrl+C 复制代码
按 Ctrl+C 复制代码
# 获取原tty属性 oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin) try: # 为tty设置新属性 # 默认当前tty设备属性: # 输入一行回车,执行 # CTRL+C 进程退出,遇到特殊字符,特殊处理。 # 这是为原始模式,不认识所有特殊符号 # 放置特殊字符应用在当前终端,如此设置,将所有的用户输入均发送到远程服务器 tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno()) chan.settimeout(0.0) while True: # 监视 用户输入 和 远程服务器返回数据(socket) # 阻塞,直到句柄可读 r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [], 1) if chan in r: try: x = chan.recv(1024) if len(x) == 0: print '\r\n*** EOF\r\n', break sys.stdout.write(x) sys.stdout.flush() except socket.timeout: pass if sys.stdin in r: x = sys.stdin.read(1) if len(x) == 0: break chan.send(x) finally: # 重新设置终端属性 termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)
def windows_shell(chan): import threading sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.\r\n\r\n") def writeall(sock): while True: data = sock.recv(256) if not data: sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF ***\r\n\r\n') sys.stdout.flush() break sys.stdout.write(data) sys.stdout.flush() writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,)) writer.start() try: while True: d = sys.stdin.read(1) if not d: break chan.send(d) except EOFError: # user hit ^Z or F6 pass
注:密码验证 t.auth_password(username, pw)
详见:paramiko源码demo
数据库操作
Python 操作 Mysql 模块的安装
1
2
3
4
5
|
linux:
yum install MySQL
-
python
window:
http:
/
/
files.cnblogs.com
/
files
/
wupeiqi
/
py
-
mysql
-
win.
zip
|
SQL基本使用
1、数据库操作
1
2
3
|
show databases;
use [databasename];
create database [name];
|
2、数据表操作
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
|
show tables;
create table students
(
id
int
not
null auto_increment primary key,
name char(
8
)
not
null,
sex char(
4
)
not
null,
age tinyint unsigned
not
null,
tel char(
13
) null default
"-"
);
|
CREATE TABLE `wb_blog` ( `id` smallint(8) unsigned NOT NULL, `catid` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `title` varchar(80) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `content` text NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY `catename` (`catid`) ) ;
3、数据操作
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
insert into students(name,sex,age,tel) values(
'alex'
,
'man'
,
18
,
'151515151'
)
delete
from
students where
id
=
2
;
update students
set
name
=
'sb'
where
id
=
1
;
select
*
from
students
|
4、其他
1
2
3
|
主键
外键
左右连接
|
Python MySQL API
一、插入数据
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
|
import
MySQLdb
conn
=
MySQLdb.connect(host
=
'127.0.0.1'
,user
=
'root'
,passwd
=
'1234'
,db
=
'mydb'
)
cur
=
conn.cursor()
reCount
=
cur.execute(
'insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)'
,(
'alex'
,
'usa'
))
# reCount = cur.execute('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%(id)s, %(name)s)',{'id':12345,'name':'wupeiqi'})
conn.commit()
cur.close()
conn.close()
print
reCount
|
import MySQLdb conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb') cur = conn.cursor() li =[ ('alex','usa'), ('sb','usa'), ] reCount = cur.executemany('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)',li) conn.commit() cur.close() conn.close() print reCount
注意:cur.lastrowid
二、删除数据
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
|
import
MySQLdb
conn
=
MySQLdb.connect(host
=
'127.0.0.1'
,user
=
'root'
,passwd
=
'1234'
,db
=
'mydb'
)
cur
=
conn.cursor()
reCount
=
cur.execute(
'delete from UserInfo'
)
conn.commit()
cur.close()
conn.close()
print
reCount
|
三、修改数据
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
|
import
MySQLdb
conn
=
MySQLdb.connect(host
=
'127.0.0.1'
,user
=
'root'
,passwd
=
'1234'
,db
=
'mydb'
)
cur
=
conn.cursor()
reCount
=
cur.execute(
'update UserInfo set Name = %s'
,(
'alin'
,))
conn.commit()
cur.close()
conn.close()
print
reCount
|
四、查数据
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
|
# ############################## fetchone/fetchmany(num) ##############################
import
MySQLdb
conn
=
MySQLdb.connect(host
=
'127.0.0.1'
,user
=
'root'
,passwd
=
'1234'
,db
=
'mydb'
)
cur
=
conn.cursor()
reCount
=
cur.execute(
'select * from UserInfo'
)
print
cur.fetchone()
print
cur.fetchone()
cur.scroll(
-
1
,mode
=
'relative'
)
print
cur.fetchone()
print
cur.fetchone()
cur.scroll(
0
,mode
=
'absolute'
)
print
cur.fetchone()
print
cur.fetchone()
cur.close()
conn.close()
print
reCount
# ############################## fetchall ##############################
import
MySQLdb
conn
=
MySQLdb.connect(host
=
'127.0.0.1'
,user
=
'root'
,passwd
=
'1234'
,db
=
'mydb'
)
#cur = conn.cursor(cursorclass = MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor)
cur
=
conn.cursor()
reCount
=
cur.execute(
'select Name,Address from UserInfo'
)
nRet
=
cur.fetchall()
cur.close()
conn.close()
print
reCount
print
nRet
for
i
in
nRet:
print
i[
0
],i[
1
]
|