MySQL的二进制日志（binlog）使用分析（2）——使用mysqlbinlog命令查看日志信息

MySQL的二进制日志（binlog）使用分析（2）——使用mysqlbinlog命令查看日志信息

默认情况下binlog日志是二进制文件，无法直接查看。mysqlbinlog命令的功能是将Mysql的binlog日志转换成Mysql语句。mysqlbinlog命令的格式如下：

1、基本功能

mysqlbinlog 日志文件名;

说明：把日志文件的信息在屏幕上直接显示出来。

命令执行的结果如下：

[root@localhost wgx]# mysqlbinlog /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000001
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 4
#200703 11:57:47 server id 2  end_log_pos 123 CRC32 0x4f25334b 	Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.7.27-log created 200703 11:57:47 at startup
ROLLBACK/*!*/;
BINLOG '
u6z+Xg8CAAAAdwAAAHsAAAAAAAQANS43LjI3LWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAC7rP5eEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAXwAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKKioAEjQA
AUszJU8=
'/*!*/;

.......

# at 692
#200703 12:05:38 server id 2  end_log_pos 692 CRC32 0x4b642e50 	Intvar
SET INSERT_ID=1/*!*/;
#200703 12:05:38 server id 2  end_log_pos 801 CRC32 0x8929f76f 	Query	thread_id=2	exec_time=0	error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1593749138/*!*/;
insert into t2(name) values('Jack')
/*!*/;
# at 801
#200703 12:05:38 server id 2  end_log_pos 832 CRC32 0x6e8cf9f7 	Xid = 12
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 832
#200703 12:06:15 server id 2  end_log_pos 879 CRC32 0x3497fb32 	Rotate to mysql-bin.000002  pos: 4
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;

2、把日志文件的信息导出到文本文件中

使用【-r】参数或重定向符号（>），格式如下：

mysqlbinlog -r 日志文件名 文本文件名;
mysqlbinlog 日志文件名 > 文本文件名;

例如：

[root@localhost wgx]# mysqlbinlog /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000001 > /tmp/log_bak001.sql
[root@localhost wgx]# mysqlbinlog -r /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000001 /tmp/log_bak002.sql
[root@localhost wgx]# ls /tmp/
log_bak001.sql  log_bak002.sql

3、分库导出binlog

使用【-d】参数可以导出对某个数据库操作的日志信息，格式如下：

mysqlbinlog -d 数据库名称 日志文件名 > 文本文件名;

例如，导出和【hist】数据库相关的操作日志信息：

[root@localhost wgx]# mysqlbinlog -d hist /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000001 > /tmp/log_bak004.sql
[root@localhost wgx]# 

4、输出指定位置的日志信息

使用【–start-position】和【–stop-position】参数可以输出【–start-position】和【–stop-position】之间的日志信息。
如果省略【–stop-position】选项，则输出从【–start-position】到结尾的日志信息；
如果省略【–start-position】选项，则输出从开头到【–stop-position】之间的日志信息；

例如：
（1）输出1315到1451之间的日志信息：

[root@localhost wgx]# mysqlbinlog --start-position=1315 --stop-position=1451 /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000001
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 4
#200703 22:27:21 server id 2  end_log_pos 123 CRC32 0x41949ba4 	Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.7.27-log created 200703 22:27:21 at startup
# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly.
ROLLBACK/*!*/;
BINLOG '
SUD/Xg8CAAAAdwAAAHsAAAABAAQANS43LjI3LWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABJQP9eEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAXwAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKKioAEjQA
AaSblEE=
'/*!*/;
# at 1315
#200703 22:36:34 server id 2  end_log_pos 1451 CRC32 0x8fb104a1 	Query	thread_id=4	exec_time=0	error_code=0
use `wgx`/*!*/;
SET TIMESTAMP=1593786994/*!*/;
SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=4/*!*/;
SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/;
SET @@session.sql_mode=1436549152/*!*/;
SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/;
/*!\C utf8 *//*!*/;
SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=33/*!*/;
SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/;
SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/;
create table t1(id int primary key auto_increment,name char(20))
/*!*/;
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;

（2）输出从文件开始到154之间的日志信息

[root@localhost wgx]# mysqlbinlog --stop-position=154 /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000001
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 4
#200703 22:27:21 server id 2  end_log_pos 123 CRC32 0x41949ba4 	Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.7.27-log created 200703 22:27:21 at startup
# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly.
ROLLBACK/*!*/;
BINLOG '
SUD/Xg8CAAAAdwAAAHsAAAABAAQANS43LjI3LWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABJQP9eEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAXwAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKKioAEjQA
AaSblEE=
'/*!*/;
# at 123
#200703 22:27:21 server id 2  end_log_pos 154 CRC32 0xa490108e 	Previous-GTIDs
# [empty]
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;

（3）输出从1741到文件结尾的日志信息

[root@localhost wgx]# mysqlbinlog --start-position=1741 /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000001
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 4
#200703 22:27:21 server id 2  end_log_pos 123 CRC32 0x41949ba4 	Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.7.27-log created 200703 22:27:21 at startup
# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly.
ROLLBACK/*!*/;
BINLOG '
SUD/Xg8CAAAAdwAAAHsAAAABAAQANS43LjI3LWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABJQP9eEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAXwAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKKioAEjQA
AaSblEE=
'/*!*/;
# at 1741
#200703 22:36:51 server id 2  end_log_pos 1772 CRC32 0x1d33aa48 	Xid = 44
COMMIT/*!*/;
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;

5、输出指定时间范围的日志信息

使用【–start-datetime】和【–stop-datetime】参数可以输出【–start-datetime】和【–stop-datetime】之间的日志信息。
如果省略【–stop-datetime】选项，则输出从【–start-datetime】到结尾的日志信息；
如果省略【–start-datetime】选项，则输出从开头到【–stop-datetime】之间的日志信息；

举例省略。

6、把日志格式为ROW的binlog转换成带注释的伪SQL语句

使用【-v】参数，可以把日志格式为ROW的binlog转换成带注释的伪SQL语句。

例如：直接输出ROW格式的日志文件信息如下：

[root@Mysql11 ~]# mysqlbinlog --start-position=509 --stop-position=845 /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000001

..........

# at 509
#200703 22:24:26 server id 1  end_log_pos 581 CRC32 0xa68d8aed 	Query	thread_id=2	exec_time=0	error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1593786266/*!*/;
SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=2/*!*/;
SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/;
SET @@session.sql_mode=1436549152/*!*/;
SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/;
/*!\C utf8 *//*!*/;
SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=33/*!*/;
SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/;
SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 581
#200703 22:24:26 server id 1  end_log_pos 629 CRC32 0x220d2e02 	Table_map: `hist`.`t2` mapped to number 113
# at 629
#200703 22:24:26 server id 1  end_log_pos 845 CRC32 0x4cd0e798 	Update_rows: table id 113 flags: STMT_END_F

BINLOG '
mj//XhMBAAAAMAAAAHUCAAAAAHEAAAAAAAEABGhpc3QAAnQyAAID/gL+PAICLg0i
mj//Xh8BAAAA2AAAAE0DAAAAAHEAAAAAAAEAAgAC///8AQAAAAVKb2huefxlAAAABUpvaG55/AIA
AAADVG9t/GYAAAADVG9t/AMAAAAESmFja/xnAAAABEphY2v8BAAAAAVNZXJyefxoAAAABU1lcnJ5
/AUAAAAEUm9zZfxpAAAABFJvc2X8BgAAAAR3YW5n/GoAAAAEd2FuZ/wHAAAABXpoYW5n/GsAAAAF
emhhbmf8CAAAAAJsafxsAAAAAmxp/AkAAAAEemhhb/xtAAAABHpoYW+Y59BM
'/*!*/;
ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/;
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;

ROW格式的日志文件将一个事务以二进制形式写到日志中。ROW格式的日志信息是无法看懂的，即使使用mysqlbinlog工具也无法可读。使用【-v】参数可以将其中对事务的二进制描述转换为类似的SQL的形式展示出来。
使用【-v】参数输出日志信息：

[root@Mysql11 ~]# mysqlbinlog -v --start-position=509 --stop-postion=845 /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000001
mysqlbinlog: [ERROR] unknown variable 'stop-postion=845'
[root@Mysql11 ~]# mysqlbinlog --base64-output='decode-rows' -v --start-position=509 --stop-position=845 /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000001
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 509
#200703 22:24:26 server id 1  end_log_pos 581 CRC32 0xa68d8aed 	Query	thread_id=2	exec_time=0	error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1593786266/*!*/;
SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=2/*!*/;
SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/;
SET @@session.sql_mode=1436549152/*!*/;
SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/;
/*!\C utf8 *//*!*/;
SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=33/*!*/;
SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/;
SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 581
#200703 22:24:26 server id 1  end_log_pos 629 CRC32 0x220d2e02 	Table_map: `hist`.`t2` mapped to number 113
# at 629
#200703 22:24:26 server id 1  end_log_pos 845 CRC32 0x4cd0e798 	Update_rows: table id 113 flags: STMT_END_F
### UPDATE `hist`.`t2`
### WHERE
###   @1=1
###   @2='Johny'
### SET
###   @1=101
###   @2='Johny'
### UPDATE `hist`.`t2`
### WHERE
###   @1=2
###   @2='Tom'
### SET
###   @1=102
###   @2='Tom'
### UPDATE `hist`.`t2`
### WHERE
###   @1=3
###   @2='Jack'
### SET
###   @1=103
###   @2='Jack'
### UPDATE `hist`.`t2`
### WHERE
###   @1=4
###   @2='Merry'
### SET
###   @1=104
###   @2='Merry'
### UPDATE `hist`.`t2`
### WHERE
###   @1=5
###   @2='Rose'
### SET
###   @1=105
###   @2='Rose'
### UPDATE `hist`.`t2`
### WHERE
###   @1=6
###   @2='wang'
### SET
###   @1=106
###   @2='wang'
### UPDATE `hist`.`t2`
### WHERE
###   @1=7
###   @2='zhang'
### SET
###   @1=107
###   @2='zhang'
### UPDATE `hist`.`t2`
### WHERE
###   @1=8
###   @2='li'
### SET
###   @1=108
###   @2='li'
### UPDATE `hist`.`t2`
### WHERE
###   @1=9
###   @2='zhao'
### SET
###   @1=109
###   @2='zhao'
ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/;
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;