图像处理之调整亮度与对比度

 

很多时候,一张图像被过度曝光显得很白,或者光线不足显得很暗,有时候背景跟图像人物

也观察不清楚,这个时候可以通过调节图像的两个基本属性-亮度与对比度来获得整体效果

的提升,从而得到质量更高的图片。

 

基本原理:

图像亮度本质上图像中每个像素的亮度,每个像素的亮度本质上RGB值的大小,RGB值为0

是像素点为黑色,RGB都为255时像素点最亮,为白色。对比度则是不同像素点之间的差值,

差值越大,对比度越明显。从直方图分析的观点来看,对比度越好的图片,直方图曲线会越

明显,分布也越显得均匀。

 

算法流程:

调整图像亮度与对比度算法主要由以下几个步骤组成:

1.      计算图像的RGB像素均值– M

2.      对图像的每个像素点Remove平均值-M

3.      对去掉平均值以后的像素点 P乘以对比度系数

4.      对步骤上处理以后的像素P加上 M乘以亮度系统

5.      对像素点RGB值完成重新赋值

 

算法系数

对比度 contrast的最佳取值范围在[0 ~ 4],

亮度 brightness的最佳取值范围在[0~ 2]之间

算法的源程序代码见最后源代码部分

 

程序效果:

调整亮度与对比度的滤镜源代码如下:

package com.process.blur.study;  import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;  /**  * this filter illustrate the brightness and contrast of the image  * and demo how to change the both attribute of the image.  *   * @author gloomy fish  *  */ public class ConBriFilter extends AbstractBufferedImageOp {  	private float contrast = 1.5f; // default value; 	private float brightness = 1.0f; // default value; 	 	public ConBriFilter() { 		// do stuff here if you need...... 	} 	 	@Override 	public BufferedImage filter(BufferedImage src, BufferedImage dest) { 		int width = src.getWidth();         int height = src.getHeight();          if ( dest == null )             dest = createCompatibleDestImage( src, null );          int[] inPixels = new int[width*height];         int[] outPixels = new int[width*height];         src.getRGB( 0, 0, width, height, inPixels, 0, width );                  // calculate RED, GREEN, BLUE means of pixel 		int index = 0; 		int[] rgbmeans = new int[3]; 		double redSum = 0, greenSum = 0, blueSum = 0; 		double total = height * width;         for(int row=0; row> 24) & 0xff;                 tr = (inPixels[index] >> 16) & 0xff;                 tg = (inPixels[index] >> 8) & 0xff;                 tb = inPixels[index] & 0xff;                 redSum += tr;                 greenSum += tg;                 blueSum +=tb;         	}         }                  rgbmeans[0] = (int)(redSum / total);         rgbmeans[1] = (int)(greenSum / total);         rgbmeans[2] = (int)(blueSum / total);                  // adjust contrast and brightness algorithm, here         for(int row=0; row> 24) & 0xff;                 tr = (inPixels[index] >> 16) & 0xff;                 tg = (inPixels[index] >> 8) & 0xff;                 tb = inPixels[index] & 0xff;                                  // remove means                 tr -=rgbmeans[0];                 tg -=rgbmeans[1];                 tb -=rgbmeans[2];                                  // adjust contrast now !!!                 tr = (int)(tr * getContrast());                 tg = (int)(tg * getContrast());                 tb = (int)(tb * getContrast());                                  // adjust brightness                 tr += (int)(rgbmeans[0] * getBrightness());                 tg += (int)(rgbmeans[1] * getBrightness());                 tb += (int)(rgbmeans[2] * getBrightness());                 outPixels[index] = (ta << 24) | (clamp(tr) << 16) | (clamp(tg) << 8) | clamp(tb);         	}         }         setRGB( dest, 0, 0, width, height, outPixels );         return dest; 	} 	 	public int clamp(int value) { 		return value > 255 ? 255 :(value < 0 ? 0 : value); 	}  	public float getContrast() { 		return contrast; 	}  	public void setContrast(float contrast) { 		this.contrast = contrast; 	}  	public float getBrightness() { 		return brightness; 	}  	public void setBrightness(float brightness) { 		this.brightness = brightness; 	}  }