3-2-20-Vue.js 源码阅读-nextTick

Vue 中的 vm.$nextTick 方法

vm.$nextTick( [callback] )

• 参数：

  • {Function} [callback]

• 返回值：{Function} unwatch

• 用法：

  将回调延迟到下次 DOM 更新循环之后执行。在修改数据之后立即使用它，然后等待 DOM 更新。它跟全局方法 Vue.nextTick 一样，不同的是回调的 this 自动绑定到调用它的实例上。

  注意：2.1.0 起新增：如果没有提供回调且在支持 Promise 的环境中，则返回一个 Promise。请注意 Vue 不自带 Promise 的 polyfill，所以如果你的目标浏览器不是原生支持 Promise (IE：你们都看我干嘛)，你得自行 polyfill。

使用示例

new Vue({
  // ...
  methods: {
    // ...
    example: function () {
      // 修改数据
      this.message = 'changed'
      // DOM 还没有更新
      this.$nextTick(function () {
        // DOM 现在更新了
        // `this` 绑定到当前实例
        this.doSomethingElse()
      })
    }
  }
})

源码阅读

export function nextTick (cb?: Function, ctx?: Object) {
  let _resolve
  // 把 cb 加上异常处理存入 callbacks 数组中
  callbacks.push(() => {
    if (cb) {
      try {
        // 调用 cb()
        cb.call(ctx)
      } catch (e) {
        handleError(e, ctx, 'nextTick')
      }
    } else if (_resolve) {
      _resolve(ctx)
    }
  })
  if (!pending) {
    pending = true
    timerFunc()
  }
  // $flow-disable-line
  if (!cb && typeof Promise !== 'undefined') {
    return new Promise(resolve => {
      _resolve = resolve
    })
  }
}

在 nextTick 中使用 callbacks 这个数组存储了调用 nextTick 的回调函数的函数，因为 cb 这个回调函数是用户传入的所以做了 try catch 处理。

接下来判断当前这个队列是否正在被查出，如果没有被处理，调用 timerFunc 函数，在这个函数内部遍历 callbacks 这个数组，找到这个数组中的所有回调函数依次进行调用。

function flushCallbacks () {
  pending = false
  const copies = callbacks.slice(0)
  callbacks.length = 0
  for (let i = 0; i < copies.length; i++) {
    copies[i]()
  }
}

// Here we have async deferring wrappers using microtasks.
// In 2.5 we used (macro) tasks (in combination with microtasks).
// However, it has subtle problems when state is changed right before repaint
// (e.g. #6813, out-in transitions).
// Also, using (macro) tasks in event handler would cause some weird behaviors
// that cannot be circumvented (e.g. #7109, #7153, #7546, #7834, #8109).
// So we now use microtasks everywhere, again.
// A major drawback of this tradeoff is that there are some scenarios
// where microtasks have too high a priority and fire in between supposedly
// sequential events (e.g. #4521, #6690, which have workarounds)
// or even between bubbling of the same event (#6566).
let timerFunc

// The nextTick behavior leverages the microtask queue, which can be accessed
// via either native Promise.then or MutationObserver.
// MutationObserver has wider support, however it is seriously bugged in
// UIWebView in iOS >= 9.3.3 when triggered in touch event handlers. It
// completely stops working after triggering a few times... so, if native
// Promise is available, we will use it:
/* istanbul ignore next, $flow-disable-line */
if (typeof Promise !== 'undefined' && isNative(Promise)) {
  const p = Promise.resolve()
  timerFunc = () => {
    p.then(flushCallbacks)
    // In problematic UIWebViews, Promise.then doesn't completely break, but
    // it can get stuck in a weird state where callbacks are pushed into the
    // microtask queue but the queue isn't being flushed, until the browser
    // needs to do some other work, e.g. handle a timer. Therefore we can
    // "force" the microtask queue to be flushed by adding an empty timer.
    if (isIOS) setTimeout(noop)
  }
  isUsingMicroTask = true
} else if (!isIE && typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined' && (
  isNative(MutationObserver) ||
  // PhantomJS and iOS 7.x
  MutationObserver.toString() === '[object MutationObserverConstructor]'
)) {
  // Use MutationObserver where native Promise is not available,
  // e.g. PhantomJS, iOS7, Android 4.4
  // (#6466 MutationObserver is unreliable in IE11)
  let counter = 1
  const observer = new MutationObserver(flushCallbacks)
  const textNode = document.createTextNode(String(counter))
  observer.observe(textNode, {
    characterData: true
  })
  timerFunc = () => {
    counter = (counter + 1) % 2
    textNode.data = String(counter)
  }
  isUsingMicroTask = true
} else if (typeof setImmediate !== 'undefined' && isNative(setImmediate)) {
  // Fallback to setImmediate.
  // Technically it leverages the (macro) task queue,
  // but it is still a better choice than setTimeout.
  timerFunc = () => {
    setImmediate(flushCallbacks)
  }
} else {
  // Fallback to setTimeout.
  timerFunc = () => {
    setTimeout(flushCallbacks, 0)
  }
}

为了在兼容浏览器的基础上尽量的提高性能，Vue 在声明 timerFunc 这个函数的时候做了分类讨论。

nextTick 在执行回调函数的时候，会先将这个回调函数放到一个 callbacks 数组中，然后优先以微任务的方式执行这个回调函数，如果浏览器不支持微任务会降低成宏任务。