面试题12. 矩阵中的路径
请设计一个函数,用来判断在一个矩阵中是否存在一条包含某字符串所有字符的路径。路径可以从矩阵中的任意一格开始,每一步可以在矩阵中向左、右、上、下移动一格。如果一条路径经过了矩阵的某一格,那么该路径不能再次进入该格子。例如,在下面的3×4的矩阵中包含一条字符串“bfce”的路径(路径中的字母用加粗标出)。
[["a","b","c","e"],
["s","f","c","s"],
["a","d","e","e"]]
但矩阵中不包含字符串“abfb”的路径,因为字符串的第一个字符b占据了矩阵中的第一行第二个格子之后,路径不能再次进入这个格子。
示例 1:
输入:board = [["A","B","C","E"],["S","F","C","S"],["A","D","E","E"]], word = "ABCCED"
输出:true
示例 2:
输入:board = [["a","b"],["c","d"]], word = "abcd"
输出:false
思路:
对二维数组进行遍历,得到一个值先判断是否等于等于word[0]如果等于进入递归函数,递归函数判断当前值的上下左右的值是否等于word+1,如果等于则令当前值等于*然后将下一个值进行递归,如果在递归途中发生断路则要让变成 *的值编回来。
代码:
bool emmm(char** board, int boardSize, int* boardColSize, char* word,int j,int i){
char swap=board[i][j];
if(*word==NULL)
return 1;
if(i>0){printf("上");//上
if(board[i-1][j]==*word){
board[i][j]='*';
if(emmm(board,boardSize,boardColSize,word+1,j,i-1))
return 1;
else
board[i][j]=swap;
}
}
if(j>0){
if(board[i][j-1]==*word){
board[i][j]='*';
if(emmm(board,boardSize,boardColSize,word+1,j-1,i))
return 1;
else
board[i][j]=swap;
}
}
if(j<*boardColSize-1){//右
if(board[i][j+1]==*word){
board[i][j]='*';
if(emmm(board,boardSize,boardColSize,word+1,j+1,i))
return 1;
else
board[i][j]=swap;
}
}
if(i<boardSize-1){//下
if(board[i+1][j]==*word)
{
board[i][j]='*';
if(emmm(board,boardSize,boardColSize,word+1,j,i+1))
return 1;
else
board[i][j]=swap;
}
}
return 0;
}
bool exist(char** board, int boardSize, int* boardColSize, char* word){
for(int i=0;i<boardSize;i++){//i是行
for(int j=0;j<*boardColSize;j++){//j是列
if(board[i][j]==*word){
if(emmm(board,boardSize,boardColSize,word+1,j,i))
return 1;
}
}
}
return 0;
}
官方答案:
int dfs (char** board,int boardSize, int* boardColSize, char* word, int i, int j, int k) {
if (i < 0 || i >= boardSize || j < 0 || j >= boardColSize[i] || board[i][j] != word[k] ) {
return false;
}
if (word[k+1] == '\0') {
return true;
}
char tmp = board[i][j];
board[i][j] = '/';
int ret =( dfs(board, boardSize, boardColSize,word,i+1,j,k+1)
|| dfs(board, boardSize, boardColSize,word,i-1,j,k+1)
|| dfs(board, boardSize, boardColSize,word,i,j+1,k+1)
|| dfs(board, boardSize, boardColSize,word,i,j-1,k+1) );
board[i][j] = tmp;
return ret;
}
bool exist(char** board, int boardSize, int* boardColSize, char* word){
int i,j;
int ret;
for (i = 0; i < boardSize; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < boardColSize[i]; j++) {
if (dfs(board,boardSize,boardColSize,word,i,j,0)) {
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}