mysql 配置读写分离——1

读写分离好处是提高数据库的高可用,水平扩展性能:

  • 水平扩展数据库的负载能力。
  • 容错,高可用。
  • 数据备份。

至于原理,大家可以自行百度,也可以参考下这篇文章:
mysql读写分离原理介绍
http://blog.csdn.net/soar_awa...
下面,开始数据库配置读写分离。

  1. 本机模拟两个数据库。分别为phpstudy以及centos安装的mysql。
    ip1(CENTOS):192.168.92.128
    ip2:192.168.99.1
    准备用ip1作为master,ip2作为slave.
    我用sqlyog链接centos上的数据库时遇到经常碰到的问题,“mysql"Access denied for user'root'@'IP地址'"”,解决参考:ACCESS DENIED
  2. 配置master库

    vim /etc/my.cnf 
        bind-address = 192.168.92.128 #your master ip
        server-id = 1 #在master-slave架构中,每台机器节点都需要有唯一的server-id
        log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log #开启binlog

    重启:service mysql restart

    创建主从同步用户:

    $ mysql -u root -p
    Password:
    
    ##创建slave2用户,并指定该用户只能在主机192.168.99.1(slave)上登录。
    mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'slave2'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '111111' WITH GRANT OPTION;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
  3. 为了方便演示,直接在两个库中建立相同的数据库test和表linkdb(id,value)。
  4. 配置slave库

    bind-address = 192.168.99.1 #your slave ip,不绑定的话可以不配
    server-id = 2 #master-slave结构中,唯一的server-id
    log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log #开启binlog
  5. slave上建立链接

    $ mysql -u root -p
    Password:
    
    mysql> STOP SLAVE;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
        -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.92.128',
        -> MASTER_USER='slave2',
        -> MASTER_PASSWORD='111111',
        -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000018',
        -> MASTER_LOG_POS=372;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
    
    mysql> START SLAVE;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

    MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000018'与MASTER_LOG_POS=372的值,是从上面的 SHOW MASTER STATUS 得到的。

正常情况下,在slave上执行`SHOW PROCESSLIST`如下:

        Id  User         Host             db      Command    Time  State                                                                        Info              
------  -----------  ---------------  ------  -------  ------  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------  ------------------
     4  root         localhost:51955  test    Query         0  (NULL)                                                                       SHOW PROCESSLIST  
     5  root         localhost:51956  (NULL)  Sleep      1396                                                                               (NULL)            
    15  system user                   (NULL)  Connect     735  Waiting for master to send event                                             (NULL)            
    16  system user                   (NULL)  Connect  -28385  Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it  (NULL)  

正常情况下,在slave上执行SHOW SLAVE STATUS如下:

Slave_IO_State                    Master_Host     Master_User  Master_Port  Connect_Retry  Master_Log_File   Read_Master_Log_Pos  Relay_Log_File                    Relay_Log_Pos  Relay_Master_Log_File  Slave_IO_Running  Slave_SQL_Running  Replicate_Do_DB  Replicate_Ignore_DB  Replicate_Do_Table  Replicate_Ignore_Table  Replicate_Wild_Do_Table  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table  Last_Errno  Last_Error  Skip_Counter  Exec_Master_Log_Pos  Relay_Log_Space  Until_Condition  Until_Log_File  Until_Log_Pos  Master_SSL_Allowed  Master_SSL_CA_File  Master_SSL_CA_Path  Master_SSL_Cert  Master_SSL_Cipher  Master_SSL_Key  Seconds_Behind_Master  Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert  Last_IO_Errno  Last_IO_Error  Last_SQL_Errno  Last_SQL_Error  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids  Master_Server_Id  
--------------------------------  --------------  -----------  -----------  -------------  ----------------  -------------------  --------------------------------  -------------  ---------------------  ----------------  -----------------  ---------------  -------------------  ------------------  ----------------------  -----------------------  ---------------------------  ----------  ----------  ------------  -------------------  ---------------  ---------------  --------------  -------------  ------------------  ------------------  ------------------  ---------------  -----------------  --------------  ---------------------  -----------------------------  -------------  -------------  --------------  --------------  ---------------------------  ------------------
Waiting for master to send event  192.168.92.128  slave2              3306             60  mysql-bin.000018                 2341  XB-201703192016-relay-bin.000002           2222  mysql-bin.000018       Yes               Yes                                                                                                                                                                 0                         0                 2341             2388  None                                         0  No                                                                                                                                  0  No                                         0                              0                                                                1
以下两个参数很重要,只有都为YES的时候才说明配置无误。
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
如果Slave_IO_Running为connecting,检查:A.slave链接时,通过master创建的帐号是否可以连上master。B.网络是否通畅。

正常情况下,在master上执行SHOW PROCESSLIST如下:

    Id  User    Host                db      Command        Time  State                                                                  Info              
------  ------  ------------------  ------  -----------  ------  ---------------------------------------------------------------------  ------------------
     3  root    192.168.92.1:52056  mysql   Query             0  (NULL)                                                                 SHOW PROCESSLIST  
     5  slave2  192.168.92.1:52060  (NULL)  Binlog Dump    1066  Master has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated  (NULL)  

tips:由于我本机上安了vmwaer和docker等等...通过cmd-ipconfig获得本机的局域网ip时搞错了好几次,当这种情况出现时,总结了一个比较好的方法,见获得本机局域网ip
lz当然是配置成功啦,小试一下:
master上INSERT INTO test.linkdb (id, value) VALUES ('4', '3');
slave刷新表更新成功。删除、修改同样OK,收工!

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