SpringMAC之初识——详述load-on-startup标签的作用

一、load-on-startup 标签作用：

用来控制容器启动时，是否加载Servlet。

1

load-on-startup 标签，为负数或不配置时，容器启动时，不加载Servlet。（调用时加载）
load-on-startup 标签，为正数，容器启动时，加载Servlet。 且顺序优先级： 0 > 1>2>...>n

二、有该标签DispatcherServlet的执行过程

web.xml配置如下：

	cassini
	
		index.jsp
	
	
	
		DispatcherServlet
		org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
		
			contextConfigLocation
			classpath:application.xml
		
		1
	
	
	
		DispatcherServlet
		*.do
	
	
	
		CharacterEncodingFilter
		org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter
		
			encoding
			UTF-8
		
		
			forceEncoding
			true
		
	
	
		CharacterEncodingFilter
		/
	

1、 Tomcat发布Web项目，由于web.xml文件配置org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet时添加了1，所以依次执行DispatcherServlet类静态代码块、构造方法和init方法，如下代码：

静态代码块

static {
	// Load default strategy implementations from properties file.
	// This is currently strictly internal and not meant to be customized
	// by application developers.
	try {
		ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH, DispatcherServlet.class);
		defaultStrategies = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource); //strategy [ˈstrætədʒi] n. 策略
	}
	catch (IOException ex) {
		throw new IllegalStateException("Could not load '" + DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH + "': " + ex.getMessage());
	}
}

构造方法

public DispatcherServlet() {
	super();
	setDispatchOptionsRequest(true);
}

init方法：该方法继承自HttpServletBean抽象类

@Override
public final void init() throws ServletException {
	if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
		logger.debug("Initializing servlet '" + getServletName() + "'");
	}
     
	// Set bean properties from init parameters.
	PropertyValues pvs = new ServletConfigPropertyValues(getServletConfig(), this.requiredProperties);
	if (!pvs.isEmpty()) {
		try {
			BeanWrapper bw = PropertyAccessorFactory.forBeanPropertyAccess(this);
			ResourceLoader resourceLoader = new ServletContextResourceLoader(getServletContext());
			bw.registerCustomEditor(Resource.class, new ResourceEditor(resourceLoader, getEnvironment()));
			initBeanWrapper(bw);
			bw.setPropertyValues(pvs, true);
		}
		catch (BeansException ex) {
			if (logger.isErrorEnabled()) {
				logger.error("Failed to set bean properties on servlet '" + getServletName() + "'", ex);
			}
			throw ex;
		}
	}
     
	// Let subclasses do whatever initialization they like.
	initServletBean();
     
	if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
		logger.debug("Servlet '" + getServletName() + "' configured successfully");
	}
}

2.执行DispatcherServlet类initServletBean()方法，该方法继承自FrameworkServlet抽象类；

@Override
protected final void initServletBean() throws ServletException {
	getServletContext().log("Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet '" + getServletName() + "'");
	if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
		this.logger.info("FrameworkServlet '" + getServletName() + "': initialization started");
	}
	long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
	
	try {
		this.webApplicationContext = initWebApplicationContext();
		initFrameworkServlet();
	}
	catch (ServletException ex) {
		this.logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
		throw ex;
	}
	catch (RuntimeException ex) {
		this.logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
		throw ex;
	}
	
	if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
		long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
		this.logger.info("FrameworkServlet '" + getServletName() + "': initialization completed in " +
				elapsedTime + " ms");
	}
}

3.执行DispatcherServlet类initWebApplicationContext()方法，该方法继承自FrameworkServlet抽象类；

protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() {
	WebApplicationContext rootContext =
			WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext());
	WebApplicationContext wac = null;
	
	if (this.webApplicationContext != null) {
		// A context instance was injected at construction time -> use it
		wac = this.webApplicationContext;
		if (wac instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
			ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) wac;
			if (!cwac.isActive()) {
				// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
				// setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
				if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
					// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent -> set
					// the root application context (if any; may be null) as the parent
					cwac.setParent(rootContext);
				}
				configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac);
			}
		}
	}
	if (wac == null) {
		// No context instance was injected at construction time -> see if one
		// has been registered in the servlet context. If one exists, it is assumed
		// that the parent context (if any) has already been set and that the
		// user has performed any initialization such as setting the context id
		wac = findWebApplicationContext();
	}
	if (wac == null) {
		// No context instance is defined for this servlet -> create a local one
		wac = createWebApplicationContext(rootContext);
	}
	
	if (!this.refreshEventReceived) {// refreshEventReceived全局变量为false
		// Either the context is not a ConfigurableApplicationContext with refresh
		// support or the context injected at construction time had already been
		// refreshed -> trigger initial onRefresh manually here.
		onRefresh(wac);
	}
	
	if (this.publishContext) {
		// Publish the context as a servlet context attribute.
		String attrName = getServletContextAttributeName();
		getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac);
		if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			this.logger.debug("Published WebApplicationContext of servlet '" + getServletName() +
					"' as ServletContext attribute with name [" + attrName + "]");
		}
	}
	
	return wac;
}

4.执行DispatcherServlet类onRefresh(ApplicationContext context)方法；

@Override
protected void onRefresh(ApplicationContext context) {
	initStrategies(context);
}

5.执行DispatcherServlet类initStrategies(ApplicationContext context)方法；

protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
	initMultipartResolver(context);
	initLocaleResolver(context);
	initThemeResolver(context);
	initHandlerMappings(context);
	initHandlerAdapters(context);
	initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
	initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
	initViewResolvers(context);
	initFlashMapManager(context);
}