现如今,前后端分离已经逐渐成为互联网项目一种标准的开发方式,前端与后端交给不同的人员开发。项目开发中的沟通成本随之升高,这部分沟通成本主要在于前端开发人员与后端开发人员对WebAPI接口的沟通。
手写Api文档的几个痛点: 文档需要更新的时候,需要再次发送一份给前端,也就是文档更新交流不及时。 接口返回结果不明确,不能直接在线测试接口,通常需要使用工具,比如postman 接口文档太多,不好管理。
Swagger2 就可以很好地解决,通过一些配置,它可以动态生成Api接口文档,降低沟通成本,促进项目高效开发。
当然也不能说Swagger就一定是完美的,当然也有缺点,最明显的就是代码移入性比较强。
1.@Api:用在请求的类上,表示对类的说明
tags=“说明该类的作用,可以在UI界面上看到的注解”
value=“该参数没什么意义,在UI界面上也看到,所以不需要配置”
2.@ApiOperation:用在请求的方法上,说明方法的用途、作用
value:说明方法的用途,作用(此说明再xxx-controller下,点击才能看到)
notes:方法的备用说明 (当有此值时:该接口说明会到页面中的主界面上)
tags:此参数不应该用到方法上,不然会在首页中独立展示为一个接口,这个接口与存在在controller文件中的接口描述相同,冗余
3.@ApiImplicitParams:用在请求的方法上,表示一组参数说明
@ApiImplicitParam:用在@ApiImplicitParams注解中,指定一个请求参数的各个方面
name:参数名
value:参数的汉字说明、解释
required:参数是否必须传
paramType:参数放在哪个地方
· header --> 请求参数的获取:@RequestHeader
· query --> 请求参数的获取:@RequestParam
· path(用于restful接口)–> 请求参数的获取:@PathVariable
· body(不常用)
· form(不常用)
dataType:参数类型,默认String,其它值dataType=“Integer”
defaultValue:参数的默认值
◆示例:
@ApiImplicitParams({
@ApiImplicitParam(name=“mobile”,value=“手机号”,required=true,paramType=“form”),
@ApiImplicitParam(name=“password”,value=“密码”,required=true,paramType=“form”),
@ApiImplicitParam(name=“age”,value=“年龄”,required=true,paramType=“form”,dataType=“Integer”)
})
4.@ApiResponses:用在请求的方法上,表示一组响应
@ApiResponse:用在@ApiResponses中,一般用于表达一个错误的响应信息
code:数字,例如400
message:信息,例如"请求参数没填好"
response:抛出异常的类
◆示例:
@ApiOperation(value = “select1请求”,notes = “多个参数,多种的查询参数类型”)
@ApiResponses({
@ApiResponse(code=400,message=“请求参数没填好”),
@ApiResponse(code=404,message=“请求路径没有或页面跳转路径不对”)
})
5.@ApiModel:用于响应类上,表示一个返回响应数据的信息
(这种一般用在post创建的时候,使用@RequestBody这样的场景,
请求参数无法使用@ApiImplicitParam注解进行描述的时候)
◆示例:
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModel;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty;
import java.io.Serializable;
@ApiModel(description= "返回响应数据")
public class RestMessage implements Serializable{
@ApiModelProperty(value = "是否成功")
private boolean success=true;
@ApiModelProperty(value = "返回对象")
private Object data;
@ApiModelProperty(value = "错误编号")
private Integer errCode;
@ApiModelProperty(value = "错误信息")
private String message;
/* getter/setter */
}
6.@ApiModelProperty:用在属性上,描述响应类的属性
7.@ApiIgnore 忽视方法(不在UI界面上展示这个方法)
CBB项目中,选择用springboot 集成swagger2,当前最新的swagger2版本应该是2.9.2,考虑展示效果,目前项目选择使用2.7.0版本。
◆ pom文件添加如下依赖:
io.springfox
springfox-swagger2
2.7.0
io.springfox
springfox-swagger-ui
2.7.0
其实这个配置类,只要了解具体能配置哪些东西就好了,毕竟这个东西配置一次之后就不用再动了。 特别要注意的是里面配置了api文件也就是controller包的路径,不然生成的文档扫描不到接口。
package com.fager.swagger2;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import springfox.documentation.builders.ApiInfoBuilder;
import springfox.documentation.builders.PathSelectors;
import springfox.documentation.builders.RequestHandlerSelectors;
import springfox.documentation.service.ApiInfo;
import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType;
import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.Docket;
/**
* @author fager
* @ClassName run.com.cbb.Swgger2
* @Description
* @date 2019-08-27 22:12:31
*/
@Configuration
public class Swagger2 {
@Bean
public Docket createRestApi() {
return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2)
.apiInfo(apiInfo())
.select()
.apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage("run.com.cbb"))
.paths(PathSelectors.any())
.build();
}
private ApiInfo apiInfo() {
return new ApiInfoBuilder()
.title("springboot利用swagger构建api文档")
.description("简单优雅的restful风格!")
.termsOfServiceUrl("")
.version("1.0")
.build();
}
}
◆ 用@Configuration注解该类,等价于XML中配置beans;用@Bean标注方法等价于XML中配置bean。
◆ Application.class 加上注解@EnableSwagger2 表示开启Swagger
package run.com.cbb;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableSwagger2
public class SpringbootSwagger2Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringbootSwagger2Application.class, args);
}
}
package com.fager.swagger2.entity;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* @ClassName User
* @Description TODO
* @Author fager
* @Date 2019/8/28 0028 19:29
* @Version 1.0
*/
public class User {
@ApiModelProperty(value = "用户id",required = true,example = "123")
private int id;
@ApiModelProperty(value = "用户名",required = true,example = "zhangsan")
private String username;
@ApiModelProperty(value = "用户年龄",required = true,example = "23")
private int age;
@ApiModelProperty(value = "用户出生日期",required = true,example = "2008-08-28T12:27:02.517Z")
private Date ctm;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Date getCtm() {
return ctm;
}
public void setCtm(Date ctm) {
this.ctm = ctm;
}
}
2.Json格式输出类 JsonResult.class文件
package com.fager.swagger2.entity;
/**
* @ClassName JsonResult
* @Description TODO
* @Author fager
* @Date 2019/8/28 0028 19:30
* @Version 1.0
*/
public class JsonResult {
private String status = null;
private Object result = null;
public String getStatus() {
return status;
}
public void setStatus(String status) {
this.status = status;
}
public Object getResult() {
return result;
}
public void setResult(Object result) {
this.result = result;
}
}
3.控制层 UserController.class文件
package com.fager.swagger2.controller;
import com.fager.swagger2.entity.JsonResult;
import com.fager.swagger2.entity.User;
import com.fager.swagger2.service.UserService;
import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParam;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParams;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import springfox.documentation.annotations.ApiIgnore;
/**
* @ClassName UserController
* @Description TODO
* @Author fager
* @Date 2019/8/28 0028 19:31
* @Version 1.0
*/
@RestController
@Api(value = "",tags = "用户操作接口")
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
/**
* 根据ID查询用户
* @param id
* @return
*/
@ApiOperation(value="获取用户详细信息", notes="根据url的id来获取用户详细信息")
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "用户ID", required = true, dataType = "Integer", paramType = "path",defaultValue = "0")
@RequestMapping(value = "user/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ResponseEntity getUserById (@PathVariable(value = "id") Integer id){
return userService.getUserById(id);
}
/**
* 查询用户列表
* @return
*/
@ApiOperation(value="获取用户列表", notes="获取用户列表")
@RequestMapping(value = "users", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ResponseEntity getUserList (){
return userService.getUserList();
}
/**
* 添加用户
* @param user
* @return
*/
@ApiOperation(value="创建用户", notes="根据User对象创建用户")
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "user", value = "用户详细实体user", required = true, dataType = "User")
@RequestMapping(value = "user", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public ResponseEntity add (@RequestBody User user){
return userService.add(user);
}
/**
* 根据id删除用户
* @param id
* @return
*/
@ApiOperation(value="删除用户", notes="根据url的id来指定删除用户")
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "用户ID", required = true, dataType = "Long", paramType = "path")
@RequestMapping(value = "user/{id}", method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
public ResponseEntity delete (@PathVariable(value = "id") Integer id){
return userService.delete(id);
}
/**
* 根据id修改用户信息
* @param user
* @return
*/
@ApiOperation(value="更新信息", notes="根据url的id来指定更新用户信息")
@ApiImplicitParams({
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "用户ID", required = true, dataType = "Long",paramType = "path"),
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "user", value = "用户实体user", required = true, dataType = "User")
})
@RequestMapping(value = "user/{id}", method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public ResponseEntity update (@PathVariable("id") Integer id, @RequestBody User user){
return userService.update(id,user);
}
@ApiIgnore//使用该注解忽略这个API
@RequestMapping(value = "/hi", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String jsonTest() {
return " hi you!";
}
}
4.业务层 UserService层 UserService.class文件
package com.fager.swagger2.service;
import com.fager.swagger2.entity.Student;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @Author fager
* @Date 2019/8/27 0027
* @Description TODO
*/
public interface StudentService {
public List queryAll();
public Student queryOneById(String id);
public void addOne(Student student);
public void update(Student student);
public void deleteOne(String id);
}
5.业务层实现类 UserServiceImpl.class文件
package com.fager.swagger2.service.impl;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.fager.swagger2.entity.JsonResult;
import com.fager.swagger2.entity.User;
import com.fager.swagger2.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import java.util.*;
/**
* @ClassName UserServiceImpl
* @Description TODO
* @Author fager
* @Date 2019/8/28 0028 22:27
* @Version 1.0
*/
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
// 创建线程安全的Map
static Map users = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap());
public ResponseEntity getUserById(Integer id) {
JsonResult r = new JsonResult();
try {
User user = users.get(id);
r.setResult(user);
r.setStatus("ok");
} catch (Exception e) {
r.setResult(e.getClass().getName() + ":" + e.getMessage());
r.setStatus("error");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return ResponseEntity.ok(r);
}
public ResponseEntity getUserList() {
JsonResult r = new JsonResult();
try {
List userList = new ArrayList(users.values());
r.setResult(userList);
r.setStatus("ok");
} catch (Exception e) {
r.setResult(e.getClass().getName() + ":" + e.getMessage());
r.setStatus("error");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return ResponseEntity.ok(r);
}
public ResponseEntity add(User user) {
JsonResult r = new JsonResult();
try {
users.put(user.getId(), user);
JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
jsonObject.put("user",user);
r.setResult(jsonObject);
r.setStatus("ok");
} catch (Exception e) {
r.setResult(e.getClass().getName() + ":" + e.getMessage());
r.setStatus("error");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return ResponseEntity.ok(r);
}
public ResponseEntity delete(Integer id) {
JsonResult r = new JsonResult();
try {
users.remove(id);
r.setResult(id);
r.setStatus("ok");
} catch (Exception e) {
r.setResult(e.getClass().getName() + ":" + e.getMessage());
r.setStatus("error");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return ResponseEntity.ok(r);
}
public ResponseEntity update(Integer id, User user) {
JsonResult r = new JsonResult();
try {
User u = users.get(id);
u.setUsername(user.getUsername());
u.setAge(user.getAge());
users.put(id, u);
r.setResult(u);
r.setStatus("ok");
} catch (Exception e) {
r.setResult(e.getClass().getName() + ":" + e.getMessage());
r.setStatus("error");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return ResponseEntity.ok(r);
}
}
6.启动配置类 Swagger2Application.class文件
package com.fager.swagger2;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import springfox.documentation.builders.ApiInfoBuilder;
import springfox.documentation.builders.PathSelectors;
import springfox.documentation.builders.RequestHandlerSelectors;
import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType;
import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.Docket;
import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableSwagger2
@Configuration
public class Swagger2Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Swagger2Application.class,args);
}
@Bean
public Docket controllerApi() {
return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2)
.apiInfo(new ApiInfoBuilder()
.title("CBB Restful APIs")
.description("CBB-项目")
.termsOfServiceUrl("")
.version("2019.08.27")
.contact("通用应用部")
.build())
.select()
.apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage("com.fager.swagger2.controller"))
.paths(PathSelectors.any())
.build();
}
}