log4j与logback包冲突原因及解决，不可忽视的Warning

场景

一个简单的spring-boot程序，需要用kafka做消息队列，于是在maven中引入kafka依赖，一切看似没问题，在启动时，打印出Warning信息：

SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/xxx/learning-slf4j-multiple-bindings/WEB-INF/lib/logback-classic-1.2.3.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/xxx/learning-slf4j-multiple-bindings/WEB-INF/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.25.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.

原因分析

通过警告消息，可以简单的看出是slf4j绑定发生问题，有多个StaticLoggerBinder.class存在，即slf4j-log4j12和logback-classic冲突。

• 疑惑点1是我并没有手动引入slf4j-log4j12依赖，依赖jar包是被自动引入的，通过maven自带工具分析依赖路径，可以看出是kafka依赖于slf4j-log4j12，自动导入的依赖包。
  
  

• 日志绑定的机制分析
  从日志对象开始探究slf4j的绑定方式。

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
···
private final Logger logs = LoggerFactory.getLogger(***.class);

LoggerFactory.getLogger()方法：(下述均只保留关键逻辑代码 )

public static Logger getLogger(Class<?> clazz) {
        Logger logger = getLogger(clazz.getName());
        ···
        return logger;
}
public static Logger getLogger(String name) {
        ILoggerFactory iLoggerFactory = getILoggerFactory();//看这里
        return iLoggerFactory.getLogger(name);//根据名字返回一个Logger实例对象
}

ILoggerFactory是一个接口，归属package org.slf4j;仅存在一个方法为：
public Logger getLogger(String name);
接下来就是看看getILoggerFactory()的真面目：

public static ILoggerFactory getILoggerFactory() {
    if (INITIALIZATION_STATE == UNINITIALIZED) {
        synchronized (LoggerFactory.class) {
            if (INITIALIZATION_STATE == UNINITIALIZED) {
                INITIALIZATION_STATE = ONGOING_INITIALIZATION;
                performInitialization();//看这里
            }
        }
    }
    switch (INITIALIZATION_STATE) {
    case SUCCESSFUL_INITIALIZATION:
        return StaticLoggerBinder.getSingleton().getLoggerFactory();
    case NOP_FALLBACK_INITIALIZATION:
        return NOP_FALLBACK_FACTORY;
    case FAILED_INITIALIZATION:
        throw new IllegalStateException(UNSUCCESSFUL_INIT_MSG);
    case ONGOING_INITIALIZATION:
        // support re-entrant behavior.
        // See also http://jira.qos.ch/browse/SLF4J-97
        return SUBST_FACTORY;
    }
    throw new IllegalStateException("Unreachable code");
}

可以看到performInitialization()是进行初始化的方法：

private final static void performInitialization() {
    bind();
    ···
}

performInitialization()内部调用bind()方法：

private final static void bind() {
    try {
        Set<URL> staticLoggerBinderPathSet = null;
        if (!isAndroid()) {
            staticLoggerBinderPathSet = findPossibleStaticLoggerBinderPathSet();//看这里
            reportMultipleBindingAmbiguity(staticLoggerBinderPathSet);
        }
        // the next line does the binding
        StaticLoggerBinder.getSingleton();
        INITIALIZATION_STATE = SUCCESSFUL_INITIALIZATION;
        reportActualBinding(staticLoggerBinderPathSet);
        fixSubstituteLoggers();
        replayEvents();
        // release all resources in SUBST_FACTORY
        SUBST_FACTORY.clear();
    } catch (NoClassDefFoundError ncde) {...
	} catch (java.lang.NoSuchMethodError nsme) {...
	} catch (Exception e) {...}
}

其中关键在于findPossibleStaticLoggerBinderPathSet()方法，终于到了查找绑定相关的部分内容，可以看到是查找所有的"org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class"类并加载，同时while循环里，将可能存在的多个StaticLoggerBinder.class路径均加入Set返回。

private static String STATIC_LOGGER_BINDER_PATH = "org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class";

static Set<URL> findPossibleStaticLoggerBinderPathSet() {
    Set<URL> staticLoggerBinderPathSet = new LinkedHashSet<URL>();
    try {
        ClassLoader loggerFactoryClassLoader = LoggerFactory.class.getClassLoader();
        Enumeration<URL> paths;
        if (loggerFactoryClassLoader == null) {//看这里
            paths = ClassLoader.getSystemResources(STATIC_LOGGER_BINDER_PATH);
        } else {
            paths = loggerFactoryClassLoader.getResources(STATIC_LOGGER_BINDER_PATH);
        }
        while (paths.hasMoreElements()) {//看这里
            URL path = paths.nextElement();
            staticLoggerBinderPathSet.add(path);
        }
    } catch (IOException ioe) {
        Util.report("Error getting resources from path", ioe);
    }
    return staticLoggerBinderPathSet;
}

返回到bind()方法中：

private final static void bind() {
	···
	staticLoggerBinderPathSet = findPossibleStaticLoggerBinderPathSet();
	reportMultipleBindingAmbiguity(staticLoggerBinderPathSet);//看这里
	···
}
···
private static void reportMultipleBindingAmbiguity(Set<URL> binderPathSet) {
    if (isAmbiguousStaticLoggerBinderPathSet(binderPathSet)) {
        Util.report("Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.");
        for (URL path : binderPathSet) {
            Util.report("Found binding in [" + path + "]");
        }
        Util.report("See " + MULTIPLE_BINDINGS_URL + " for an explanation.");
    }
}

这里可以看到reportMultipleBindingAmbiguity()里判断是否发生多重绑定，就是打印文章开头Warning信息的地方。
成功加载StaticLoggerBinder后，在bind()方法中调用其getSingleton()方法得到单例，并修改INITIALIZATION_STATE状态，至此完成日志框架的绑定。

private final static void bind() {
	if (!isAndroid()) {
	    staticLoggerBinderPathSet = findPossibleStaticLoggerBinderPathSet();
	    reportMultipleBindingAmbiguity(staticLoggerBinderPathSet);
	}
	StaticLoggerBinder.getSingleton();//看这里
	INITIALIZATION_STATE = SUCCESSFUL_INITIALIZATION;
	reportActualBinding(staticLoggerBinderPathSet);
	···
}

最后附上slf4j-api-1.7.25.jar和logback-classic-1.2.3.jar的目录结构供参考：

解决方案

分析了原因，那么解决方案自然很简单，就是剔除不需要的依赖包，此处就是在kafka的依赖中剔除slf4j-log4j12。maven项目中可以通过exclusions标签来完成。

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.apache.kafkagroupId>
	<artifactId>kafka_2.11artifactId>
	<version>0.10.0.1version>
	<exclusions>
		<exclusion>
			<groupId>org.slf4jgroupId>
			<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12artifactId>
		exclusion>
	exclusions>
dependency>

本文就简单分析了日志加载绑定的过程，如有遗漏请不吝指出。