Android学习--界面设计
1、创建工程
创建一个Android工程
2、添加相关控件
打开res -> layout下的布局文件，根据实际情况选择一种或多种布局方式，然后分别添加TextView、EditText、RadioGroup、CheckBox、Spinner、ListView和Button控件。其中RadioGroup中加入两个RadioButton控件，分别为“男”和“女”，默认选择“男”；Spinner控件中要加入三个子选项，分别为“计算机”、“软件工程”和“物联网”，“计算机”为默认选项；ListView控件中加入若干姓名
关键代码：
list.add("赵明");
students.add(new Student("赵明","","","","",""));
list.add("李晓");
students.add(new Student("李晓","","","","",""));
list.add("王丽");
students.add(new Student("王丽","","","","",""));
//spinner的数据源
data_list.add("计算机");
data_list.add("软件工程");
data_list.add("物联网");
//适配器
arr_adapter1 = new ArrayAdapter
arr_adapter1.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item);
spinner.setAdapter(arr_adapter1);
arr_adapter2 = new ArrayAdapter
arr_adapter2.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1);
listView.setAdapter(arr_adapter2);
3、添加菜单
（1）在工程中添加选项菜单，菜单标题为“设置”，效果如图1.2所示。
图1.2 选项菜单
关键代码：主要是在res中添加menu文件
xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
>
<item
android:id="@+id/conf"
android:title="设置"
/>
menu>
并在java文件中添加menu设置信息
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.caidan,menu);
return true;
}
（2）为ListView控件添加一个快捷菜单，包含一个“查看”菜单项，效果如图1.3所示
代码：
listView.setOnCreateContextMenuListener(new View.OnCreateContextMenuListener() {
@Override
public void onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View v, ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo menuInfo) {
menu.setHeaderTitle("选择操作");
menu.add(0,0,0,"查看");
menu.add(0,1,0,"删除");
}
});
- 为“设置”菜单项添加一个“专业设置”子菜单项，效果如图1.4所示。
4、操作栏
将步骤3中的选项菜单“设置”添加到操作栏，效果如图1.5所示。
5、界面事件
（1）为步骤2中的“关闭”按钮添加事件，当点击“关闭”按钮时则退出程序。
关键代码：
public void exit(View view){
System.exit(0);
}
- 为步骤2中的“添加”按钮添加事件，当点击“添加”按钮时保存一条基本信息记录，并将该条记录的姓名项加入ListView控件中，如果姓名为空，则不加入ListView控件并给出相应提示，可以利用Toast实现提示。
关键代码：
adding.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if(name.getText()==null||name.getText().length()==0) {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"姓名为空！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
else {
if(check1.isChecked()){
hobby+="旅游 ";
}
if(check2.isChecked()){
hobby+="运动 ";
}
if(check3.isChecked()){
hobby+="其他 ";
}
if(boy.isChecked()){
sex+="男";
}
else{
sex +="女";
}
onItemSelected();
list.add(name.getText().toString());
listView.setAdapter(arr_adapter2);
students.add(newStudent(name.getText().toString(),height.getText().toString(),weight.getText().toString(),sex,hobby,spinner_id)); Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),students.get(num).speak(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
num++;
sex="";
hobby="";
}
}
});
- 添加按键事件，图1.1的“身高”和“体重”中只能输入数字和字符“.”，无法输入其他字符，当输入其他字符要给出相应提示，可以利用Toast实现提示。
关键代码：
//设置heght监听器 通过键盘按键事件
height.setOnKeyListener(new View.OnKeyListener() {
@Override
public boolean onKey(View v, int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
if(keyCode>=7&&keyCode<=16||keyCode==56||keyCode==67){
return false;
}
else {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"error：只能输入数字和字符'.'",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return true;
}
}
});
//设置weight监听器
weight.setOnKeyListener(new View.OnKeyListener() {
@Override
public boolean onKey(View v, int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
if(keyCode>=7&&keyCode<=16||keyCode==56||keyCode==67){
return false;
}
else {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"Error: 只能输入数字或者字符'.'",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return true;
}
}
});
}
附：完整代码
package com.example.wangz.experimentation_1;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.ContextMenu;
import android.view.KeyEvent;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.CheckBox;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.RadioButton;
import android.widget.Spinner;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import org.w3c.dom.Text;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.zip.Checksum;
import com.example.wangz.experimentation_1.Student;
public class experi_1 extends AppCompatActivity {
// 声明需要用到的参数8
Button adding;
List students = new ArrayList();
List information = new ArrayList();
List list = new ArrayList();
String hobby = "";
String sex= "";
String major = "";
String spinner_id;
Listdata_list = new ArrayList();
Spinner spinner;
ListView listView;
ArrayAdapter arr_adapter2;
ArrayAdapter arr_adapter1;
EditText name;
CheckBox check1;
CheckBox check2;
CheckBox check3;
EditText height;
EditText weight;
RadioButton boy;
RadioButton girl;
public int num=3;
// menu设置
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.caidan,menu);
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
switch (item.getItemId()){
case R.id.check:
Toast.makeText(this,"csajci",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
}
return true;
}
//spinner 和 listview 适配器
//为事件设置监听器
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.page);
spinner = (Spinner)findViewById(R.id.spinner);
listView = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.listview);
adding = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button1) ;
name = findViewById(R.id.name);
check1 = findViewById(R.id.Checkbox_travel);
check2 = findViewById(R.id.Checkbox_sport);
check3 = findViewById(R.id.Checkbox_other);
height = findViewById(R.id.height);
weight = findViewById(R.id.weight);
boy = findViewById(R.id.sex_boy);
girl = findViewById(R.id.sex_girl);
//listview数据
list.add("赵明");
students.add(new Student("赵明","","","","",""));
list.add("李晓");
students.add(new Student("李晓","","","","",""));
list.add("王丽");
students.add(new Student("王丽","","","","",""));
//spinner的数据源
data_list.add("计算机");
data_list.add("软件工程");
data_list.add("物联网");
//适配器
arr_adapter1 = new ArrayAdapter(this, android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item,data_list);
arr_adapter1.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item);
spinner.setAdapter(arr_adapter1);
arr_adapter2 = new ArrayAdapter(this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,list);
arr_adapter2.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1);
listView.setAdapter(arr_adapter2);
//为listview设置长按操作
listView.setOnCreateContextMenuListener(new View.OnCreateContextMenuListener() {
@Override
public void onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View v, ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo menuInfo) {
menu.setHeaderTitle("选择操作");
menu.add(0,0,0,"查看");
menu.add(0,1,0,"删除");
}
});
//添加按钮点击事件 并判断姓名栏是否为空
adding.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if(name.getText()==null||name.getText().length()==0) {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"姓名为空！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
else {
// Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),name.getText(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
if(check1.isChecked()){
hobby+="旅游 ";
}
if(check2.isChecked()){
hobby+="运动 ";
}
if(check3.isChecked()){
hobby+="其他 ";
}
if(boy.isChecked()){
sex+="男";
}
else{
sex +="女";
}
onItemSelected();
list.add(name.getText().toString());
listView.setAdapter(arr_adapter2);
students.add(new Student(name.getText().toString(),height.getText().toString(),weight.getText().toString(),sex,hobby,spinner_id));
//Toast的第一种用法
//静态方法MakeText，第一个参数是 context, 就是活动的上下文，
// 第二个参数是 Toast 显示的文本内容， 第三个参数是显示的时长，有 Toast.LENGTH_LONG 和 Toast.LENGTH_SHORT
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),students.get(num).speak(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
num++;
sex="";
hobby="";
}
}
});
//设置heght监听器 通过键盘按键事件
height.setOnKeyListener(new View.OnKeyListener() {
@Override
public boolean onKey(View v, int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
if(keyCode>=7&&keyCode<=16||keyCode==56||keyCode==67){
return false;
}
else {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"error：只能输入数字和字符'.'",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return true;
}
}
});
//设置weight监听器
weight.setOnKeyListener(new View.OnKeyListener() {
@Override
public boolean onKey(View v, int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
if(keyCode>=7&&keyCode<=16||keyCode==56||keyCode==67){
return false;
}
else {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"Error: 只能输入数字或者字符'.'",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return true;
}
}
});
}
public boolean onContextItemSelected(MenuItem item){
AdapterView.AdapterContextMenuInfo info = (AdapterView.AdapterContextMenuInfo)item.getMenuInfo();
String id = String.valueOf(info.id);
int choice = item.getItemId();
if (choice==0) {
// Toast.makeText(this, students.get(Integer.parseInt(id)).speak(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
Intent intent = new Intent(this,see_info.class);
intent.putExtra("name",students.get(Integer.parseInt(id)).getName());
intent.putExtra("height",students.get(Integer.parseInt(id)).getHeight());
intent.putExtra("weight",students.get(Integer.parseInt(id)).getWeight());
intent.putExtra("sex",students.get(Integer.parseInt(id)).getSex());
intent.putExtra("hobby",students.get(Integer.parseInt(id)).getHobby());
intent.putExtra("major",students.get(Integer.parseInt(id)).getMajor());
startActivity(intent);
return true;
}
else {
list.remove(Integer.parseInt(id));
students.remove(Integer.parseInt(id));
listView.setAdapter(arr_adapter2);
return super.onContextItemSelected(item);
}
}
public void onItemSelected() {
spinner_id = spinner.getSelectedItem().toString();
}
public void exit(View view){
System.exit(0);
}
}
package com.example.wangz.experimentation_1;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Student implements Serializable {
String name;
String height;
String weight;
String sex;
String hobby;
String major;
Student(String name,String height,String weight,String sex,String hobby,String major){
this.name = name;
this.height = height;
this.weight = weight;
this.sex = sex;
this.hobby = hobby;
this.major = major;
}
Student(){
super();
}
public void setname(String name){
this.name = name;
}
public String getName(){
return name;
}
public void setheight(String height){
this.height = height;
}
public String getHeight(){
return height;
}
public void setweight(String weight){
this.weight = weight;
}
public String getWeight(){
return weight;
}
public void setsex(String sex){
this.sex = sex;
}
public String getSex(){
return sex;
}
public void sethooby(String hobby){
this.hobby = hobby;
}
public String getHobby(){
return hobby;
}
public void setmajor(String major){
this.major = major;
}
public String getMajor(){
return major;
}
public String speak(){
String info = "姓名："+name+'\n'
+"身高："+height+'\n'
+"体重："+weight+'\n'
+"性别："+sex+'\n'
+"爱好："+hobby+'\n'
+"专业："+major;
return info;
}
}